QuickBird影像融合最佳波段选择及不同融合方法质量评价研究

分析了QuickBird多光谱遥感影像各个波段的光谱特征,并进行了定量评价。根据信息量的大小和波段相关性得到最佳波段组合,在最佳组合波段下利用遥感影像处理软件ERDAS9.2选择或利用建模模块建立不同的影像融合模型对QuikBird多光谱数据与全色遥感影像进行融合,按照定性及定量指标对融合前后的遥感影像进行色彩、分辨率及信息量评价,得到QuikBird影像数据最佳融合方法。     

高分辨率遥感影像在城市绿地信息提取中的应用研究

高分辨率卫星遥感图像数据量大、空间分辨率高、结构信息复杂、地物同物异谱现象更为突出等特征给专题信息提取技术带来了新的挑战。基于植被的光谱特征,利用监督分类、植被指数分类和目视解译等方法对QuickBird高分辨率卫星遥感影像的绿地信息进行提取,并对分类精度作了比对分析。研究结果表明,监督分类方法不能得到令人满意的结果,运用植被指数分类方法则有明显改善,其中归一化植被指数(NDVI)精度最高,因此NDVI能有效地对植被进行分类与识别。     

成都市区植被变化的遥感动态监测

利用1987年和2000年的TM影像,对成都市区植被动态变化进行了分析.首先, 利用1:25万数字地形图对2000年的TM影像进行几何校正,并将1987年的TM影像与其配准.其次,利用TM影像的第四和第三波段计算植被指数,根据植被指数提取植被.第三,对成都市区1987～2000年的植被进行了动态变化分析.研究表明,1987～2000年成都市区植被有增有减,但总的趋势是减少:增加部分集中在老城区,是人工绿化的结果;减少部分主要集中在市区西北和西南的面状区域以及因城市道路扩展而占用的线状区域,这是城市化的必然结果.     

基于RS和GIS技术的重庆市主城区扩展分析

采用重庆市主城区2000年和2010年两个时相的TM影像提取城市扩展信息,对影像数据的归一化建筑指数（NDBI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和归一化水体指数（NDWI）进行RGB组合增强,再进行决策树分类和减法运算获取研究区扩展信息,发现建筑区面积增加了1.62倍,大部分是由植被区转变而来。其扩张方向受地理影响,南北方向为外延型,东西方向为飞地型。借助统计资料进行精度验证和城市扩展的驱动因素分析发现,区域发展政策、经济增长和人口扩张是主要的影响因素,探讨了对经济增长、城市扩张和人口增长的关系。研究结果表明,以遥感手段监测与研究城市发展变化的趋势是可行和高效的。     

高分辨率遥感影像的土地利用分类

高分辨率遥感影像在我国土地利用动态监测中展现出良好的应用前景,但与此相关的关键技术问题亟待解决.结合Ikonos影像,分析高分辨率遥感影像的特点,并在我国土地利用现状类型划分的基础上,针对高分辨遥感影像土地利用分类这一关键技术问题,概述常规分类方法,提出一套适宜高分辨率遥感影像土地利用分类的技术路线.     

彩色合成法在新疆地表植被覆盖变化中的应用--以多时相NOAA-AVHRR影像为例

以NOAA—AVHRR遥感数据为基础，使用彩色合成法对新疆地表植被变化进行分析。结果证明，利用不同时相的NDVI影像进行彩色合成可以直观地反映地表植被的变化趋势，通过遥感软件对彩色图像处理，还可以对地表植被变化进行定量分析。     

TM遥感影像解译数据中线状及细小地物的扣除

随着高分辨率遥感影像的普遍使用和对遥感影像解译数据精度的更高要求,对于TM遥感影像解译数据中一些线状及细小地物如道路、沟渠、田埂、林带、居民点等由于未能解译而混入其它类型中,造成某个类型面积的增加或减少的问题亟待解决。本文利用影像融合技术,根据工作中的实际情况,主要对耕地中的线状和细小地物的扣除方法进行了描述。     

基于信息量的ALI影像最佳波段选择及融合研究

分析了EO-1 ALI多光谱遥感影像各个波段的信息特征,根据信息量大小和波段间的相关性,联合偏度—峰度指数JSKF,提出针对ALI图像新的最佳波段组合方法。在最佳波段组合下对ALI多光谱数据与全色数据分别进行IHS、HPF、PCA和Wavelet变换融合,从信息量角度出发,按照定量指标对融合前后的遥感影像进行评价,并对融合前后影像进行分类应用。     

基于RS与GIS的巢湖水资源污染评价研究

基于巢湖TM影像在RS和GIS技术支持下，提取水体最大信息量专题影像，并通过计算温度植被指数TNDVI，揭示了巢湖水污染程度和空间分布特征，为监测巢湖水资源质量提供可行的方法，并为水资源治理提供准确的基础数据。     

基于遥感技术的土地利用/土地覆盖现状信息提取研究——以艾比湖湿地保护区为例

艾比湖地区是中国沙尘暴的起源地之一,而且对该区域的生态环境变化具有指征作用。利用中巴资源卫星影像,结合Modis数据,采用遥感数据分类与实地验证相结合的方法。利用植被指数模型,建立解译标志,采用无监和有监相结合的分类方法,提取了艾比湖湿地保护区LUCC的现状信息,为进一步研究提供了基础性数据。     

Use of Descriptors of Ecosystem Functioning for Monitoring a National Park Network: A Remote Sensing Approach

Baseline assessments and monitoring of protected areas are essential for making management decisions, evaluating the effectiveness of management practices, and tracking the effects of global changes. For these purposes, the analysis of functional attributes of ecosystems (i.e., different aspects of the exchange of matter and energy) has advantages over the traditional use of structural attributes, like a quicker response to disturbances and the fact that they are easily monitored through remote sensing. In this study, we described the spatiotemporal patterns of different aspects of the ecosystem functioning of the Spanish national parks and their response to environmental changes between 1982 and 2006. To do so, we used the NOAA/AVHRR-GIMMS dataset of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a linear estimator of the fraction of photosynthetic active radiation intercepted by vegetation, which is the main control of carbon gains. Nearly all parks have significantly changed during the last 25 years: The radiation interception has increased, the contrast between the growing and nongrowing seasons has diminished, and the dates of maximum and minimum interception have advanced. Some parks concentrated more changes than others and the degree of change varied depending on their different environmental conditions, management, and conservation histories. Our approach identified reference conditions and temporal changes for different aspects of ecosystem functioning, which can be used for management purposes of protected areas in response to global changes.     

Watershed Evapotranspiration Increased due to Changes in Vegetation Composition and Structure Under a Subtropical Climate1

Abstract: Natural forests in southern China have been severely logged due to high human demand for timber, food, and fuels during the past century, but are recovering in the past decade. The objective of this study was to investigate how vegetation cover changes in composition and structure affected the water budgets of a 9.6‐km² Dakeng watershed located in a humid subtropical mountainous region in southern China. We analyzed 27 years (i.e., 1967‐1993) of streamflow and climate data and associated vegetation cover change in the watershed. Land use/land cover census and Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from remote sensing were used to construct historic land cover change patterns. We found that over the period of record, annual streamflow (Q) and runoff/precipitation ratio did not change significantly, nor did the climatic variables, including air temperature, Hamon’s potential evapotranspiration (ET), pan evaporation, sunshine hours, and radiation. However, annual ET estimated as the differences between P and Q showed a statistically significant increasing trend. Overall, the NDVI of the watershed had a significant increasing trend in the peak spring growing season. This study concluded that watershed ecosystem ET increased as the vegetation cover shifted from low stock forests to shrub and grasslands that had higher ET rates. A conceptual model was developed for the study watershed to describe the vegetation cover‐streamflow relationships during a 50‐year time frame. This paper highlighted the importance of eco‐physiologically based studies in understanding transitory, nonstationary effects of deforestation or forestation on watershed water balances.     

遥感技术在灾害监测中的应用

介绍总结了近年来遥感技术在灾害监测中的应用与进展，以若干应用实例阐明了遥感技术在实现对自然灾害进行宏观、实时、动态、连续监测中不可替代的作用；在对我国灾害遥感的应用现状进行了分析之后，发现灾前预测工作有所不足；指出遥感技术将进一步同地理信息系统技术和全球定位系统技术相结合，在防灾减灾工作中发挥愈来愈重要的作用。     

遥感技术在小城镇发展规划中的应用

对卫星遥感技术在小城镇发展规划中的应用进行了分析，包括小城镇空间布局信息分析、小城镇区位分析和小城镇环境污染分析，介绍了遥感技术在小城镇变化监测中的应用。分析表明，遥感技术能为小城镇发展规划提供众多基础数据，具有广阔的应用前景，但不能完全取代地面调查。     

Detection of Coastal Saline Land Uses with Multi-Temporal Landsat Images in Shangyu City,China

Many coastal regions in China are confronted with pressing problems of scarce land resources and heavy population. Over the past 30 years, considerable parts of coastal tidelands have been enclosed and reclaimed for agricultural land uses. To assess, plan, and implement large-scale reclamation programs, up-to-date and reliable information concerning the nature, areal extent, and physical and chemical characteristics of coastal saline lands is essential. This paper reports a remote sensing approach to detecting coastal saline land uses in Shangyu City, China, by using multi-temporal Landsat images. First, with the aid of resolution-sharpened Landsat-7 ETM+ images and their enhanced linear features, a visual interpretation is applied to extract individual dikes. Based on time series images and local government records, a spatial zoning procedure is then used to define six sub-zones with different historical years of reclamation. It shows that a total of 15,668 ha of coastal saline lands were enclosed and reclaimed from 1969 to 1996. Second, a modified land-use classification system for the study area is prescribed, and both unsupervised and supervised classifiers are performed for land-use classifications of grouped sub-zones. Information obtained from the spatial zoning, Tasseled Cap transformation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, is also utilized to facilitate the supervised classification process. Finally, a detailed land-use map is produced, with an overall classification accuracy of 77.8%. Results show that dominant agricultural land uses of sub-zones are changed with historical reclamation years, from saline lands with wildgrass (very recently reclaimed) to aqua-farm ponds, to cotton fields, and to paddy fields and orchards (very early reclaimed). This transform process is primarily affected by soil salinities, and according to a soil survey an electrical conductivity of saturation extract decreased from 7.3 ds/m in the saline land reclaimed in 1996 to below 2 ds/m in the land reclaimed before 1969. The study concludes that multi-temporal remotely sensed images are important and effective data sources for monitoring the rapid changes of coastal land uses.     

RUNOFF PREDICTION USING REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY1

ABSTRACT: Percent imperviousness is an important parameter in modeling the urban rainfall-runoff process and is usually determined using manual methods such as random sampling or conventional accounting methods. In this study two computerized methods are used for estimating the percent imperviousness of urban watersheds using high altitude remote sensing imagery. These methods include the Laser Image Processing Scanner and the Video-Tape Camera system. Imperviousness is directly estimated in the former method while in the latter it is estimated as a function of the statistics of the responses on emulsions of the imagery. The percent imperviousness computed by utilizing remote sensing imagery was used with the conceptual models of rainfall-runoff models. The models were applied to four urban watersheds and the runoff prediction results indicate that imperviousness determined by using remote sensing imagery was as accurate as that obtained by the manual methods, and that the use of remote sensing imagery requires significantly less time and money.     

Predictive mapping of soil organic carbon in wet cultivated lands using classification-tree based models: The case study of Denmark

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the most important carbon stocks globally and has large potential to affect global climate. Distribution patterns of SOC in Denmark constitute a nation-wide baseline for studies on soil carbon changes (with respect to Kyoto protocol). This paper predicts and maps the geographic distribution of SOC across Denmark using remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GISs) and decision-tree modeling (un-pruned and pruned classification trees). Seventeen parameters, i.e. parent material, soil type, landscape type, elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect, mean curvature, plan curvature, profile curvature, flow accumulation, specific catchment area, tangent slope, tangent curvature, steady-state wetness index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Wetness Index (NDWI) and Soil Color Index (SCI) were generated to statistically explain SOC field measurements in the area of interest (Denmark). A large number of tree-based classification models (588) were developed using (i) all of the parameters, (ii) all Digital Elevation Model (DEM) parameters only, (iii) the primary DEM parameters only, (iv), the remote sensing (RS) indices only, (v) selected pairs of parameters, (vi) soil type, parent material and landscape type only, and (vii) the parameters having a high impact on SOC distribution in built pruned trees. The best constructed classification tree models (in the number of three) with the lowest misclassification error (ME) and the lowest number of nodes (N) as well are: (i) the tree (T1) combining all of the parameters (ME = 29.5%; N = 54); (ii) the tree (T2) based on the parent material, soil type and landscape type (ME = 31.5%; N = 14); and (iii) the tree (T3) constructed using parent material, soil type, landscape type, elevation, tangent slope and SCI (ME = 30%; N = 39). The produced SOC maps at 1:50,000 cartographic scale using these trees are highly matching with coincidence values equal to 90.5% (Map T1/Map T2), 95% (Map T1/Map T3) and 91% (Map T2/Map T3). The overall accuracies of these maps once compared with field observations were estimated to be 69.54% (Map T1), 68.87% (Map T2) and 69.41% (Map T3). The proposed tree models are relatively simple, and may be also applied to other areas.     

浅谈水质在线监控中遥感技术的应用

空间信息技术以及计算机技术的发展，给环境监控提供了先进、快速和科学的方法。其中，遥感技术由于能够快速、宏观地获得所监控区域的数据，近年来已逐渐成为环境监控系统中的重要技术手段。遥感信息是被控区域的电磁辐射能量及其结构特征与时空状态在遥感图像上的表现。今后，遥感技术、在线监控系统和地理信息系统等多种信息处理工具的结合将是环境信息监控系统发展的主要方向。