共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Joseph Baustian Irving Mendelssohn Qianxin Lin John Rapp 《Environmental management》2010,46(5):781-789
As the use of in situ burning for oil spill remediation in coastal wetlands accelerates, the capacity of this procedure to
restore the ecological structure and function of oil-impacted wetlands becomes increasingly important. Thus, our research
focused on evaluating the functional and structural recovery of a coastal marsh in South Louisiana to an in situ burn following
a Hurricane Katrina-induced oil spill. Permanent sampling plots were set up to monitor marsh recovery in the oiled and burned
areas as well as non-oiled and non-burned (reference) marshes. Plots were monitored for species composition, stem density,
above- and belowground productivity, marsh resiliency, soil chemistry, soil residual oil, and organic matter decomposition.
The burn removed the majority of the oil from the marsh, and structurally the marsh recovered rapidly. Plant biomass and species
composition returned to control levels within 9 months; however, species richness remained somewhat lower in the oiled and
burned areas compared to the reference areas. Recovery of ecological function was also rapid following the in situ burn. Aboveground
and belowground plant productivity recovered within one growing season, and although decomposition rates were initially higher
in the oiled areas, over time they became equivalent to those in reference sites. Also, marsh resiliency, i.e., the rate of
recovery from our applied disturbances, was not affected by the in situ burn. We conclude that in situ burning is an effective
way to remove oil and allow ecosystem recovery in coastal marshes. 相似文献
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海上溢油回收技术研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
论述了厌氧-好氧(A/O)工艺的基本原理及工艺参数。该工艺在冀东油田两座废水处理站的应用结果表明,对废水中石油类物质、COD、硫化物去除效果明显。高一联合站及柳一联合站污水经处理后,石油类物质去除率分别为90.6%和96.0%;COD去除率分别为86.0%和91.6%;硫化物去除率分别为94.8%和98.2%,处理后的污水均达到一级排放标准。另外,采用厌氧-好氧工艺的成本相对较低,处理费用低于0.5元/m3。处理后的污水若回注地下,平均费用为4.7元/m3。 相似文献
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海上溢油回收技术研究及发展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
论述了厌氧-好氧(A/O)工艺的基本原理及工艺参数。该工艺在冀东油田两座废水处理站的应用结果表明,对废水中石油类物质、COD、硫化物去除效果明显。高一联合站及柳一联合站污水经处理后,石油类物质去除率分别为90.6%和96.0%;COD去除率分别为86.0%和91.6%;硫化物去除率分别为94.8%和98.2%,处理后的污水均达到一级排放标准。另外,采用厌氧-好氧工艺的成本相对较低,处理费用低于0.5元/m3。处理后的污水若回注地下,平均费用为4.7元/m3。 相似文献
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油码头生产过程中的溢油事故隐患主要集中在码头(泊位)、油品罐区、输运船舶及输油管道4个单元,文章通过查找和研究相关法律、法规、标准及规范等关于油码头溢油风险防控的要求,对不同类型的溢油事故提出了有针对性的风险防控措施,明确了油码头在溢油风险监督管理工作中应关注的重点,从而为油码头企业开展溢油风险防控措施自查提供参考。 相似文献
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Decision Support System for Managing Oil Spill Events 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The Mediterranean environment is exposed to various hazards, including oil spills, forest fires, and floods, making the development of a decision support system (DSS) for emergency management an objective of utmost importance. The present work presents a complete DSS for managing marine pollution events caused by oil spills. The system provides all the necessary tools for early detection of oil-spills from satellite images, monitoring of their evolution, estimation of the accident consequences and provision of support to responsible Public Authorities during clean-up operations. The heart of the system is an image processing–geographic information system and other assistant individual software tools that perform oil spill evolution simulation and all other necessary numerical calculations as well as cartographic and reporting tasks related to a specific management of the oil spill event. The cartographic information is derived from the extant general maps representing detailed information concerning several regional environmental and land-cover characteristics as well as financial activities of the application area. Early notification of the authorities with up-to-date accurate information on the position and evolution of the oil spill, combined with the detailed coastal maps, is of paramount importance for emergency assessment and effective clean-up operations that would prevent environmental hazard. An application was developed for the Region of Crete, an area particularly vulnerable to oil spills due to its location, ecological characteristics, and local economic activities. 相似文献
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海洋石油开发中含油污水处理与溢油防治技术 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
海洋石油工业清洁生产的关键是防止油污染,而油污染的主要来源是日常排放的含油污水中的油及事故性溢油。首先概述了海上含油污水的处理方法及其原理,并结合实际论述了主要采用的处理工艺,并分析了各工艺技术的处理效果和存在的问题。文章还叙述了海上溢油事故及防止溢油事故发生所应采取的多方位预防措施;建立管理体系,加强管理,通过培训来提高全员操作管理水平,建立溢油处置应急计划和组织系统。在溢油控制方面建立海上溢油漂移模拟程序,对溢油进行实时监控,并对采用的溢油处理装置及方法进行了评述 相似文献
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Use of Airborne Thermal Imagery to Detect and Monitor Inshore Oil Spill Residues During Darkness Hours 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
I. T. Grierson 《Environmental management》1998,22(6):905-912
/ Trials were conducted using an airborne video system operating in the visible, near-infrared, and thermal wavelengths to detect two known oil spill releases during darkness at a distance of 10 nautical miles from the shore in St. Vincent's Gulf, South Australia. The oil spills consisted of two 20-liter samples released at 2-h intervals, one sample consisted of paraffinic neutral material and the other of automotive diesel oil. A tracking buoy was sent overboard in conjunction with the release of sample 1, and its movement monitored by satellite relay. Both oil residues were overflown by a light aircraft equipped with thermal, visible, and infrared imagers at a period of approximately 1 h after the release of the second oil residue. Trajectories of the oil residue releases were also modeled and the results compared to those obtained by the airborne video and the tracking buoy. Airborne imagery in the thermal wavelengths successfully located and mapped both oil residue samples during nighttime conditions. Results from the trial suggest that the most advantageous technique would be the combined use of the tracking beacon to obtain an approximate location of the oil spill and the airborne imagery to ascertain its extent and characteristics.KEY WORDS: Airborne video; Thermal imagery; Global positioning; Oil-spill monitoring; Tracking beacon 相似文献
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Innocent Miebaka Aprioku 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1999,42(3):389-408
This paper outlines the main elements of a comprehensive, territorial, hazard amelioration strategy for the oil spill pollution areas of the Eastern Niger Delta of Nigeria. After documenting the extent and type of damage, an argument is presented in favour of urgent action and the need for planning. It is argued that present oil spill pollution laws are coercive and militant and do not encourage communities in the Eastern Niger Delta to act as pressure groups for a clean environment. The paper posits that environmental damages resulting from oil spills can be minimized through co-operative action between and amongst stakeholders-government,oil companies and community representatives. The paper therefore calls for a collective response. 相似文献
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根据海上围油栏围油原理,使用小型围油设备模拟出在围油栏除油后海上剩余溢油的质量M。收集稻壳、小米壳、小麦壳3种农作物废料作为吸油材料,室温下分别测出3种吸油材料对质量为M的溢油的饱和吸附时间。在吸附平衡的条件下,利用紫外分光光度计分别测出3种吸油材料吸附海水表面M质量溢油后的平衡吸附浓度ce。根据物理吸附理论,由平衡吸附浓度ce和平衡吸附量qe分别得出3种材料的Freundlich吸附等温式,从Freundlich吸附等温式比较了3种农作物废料的吸油性能。结果表明:稻壳的吸油性能最佳。 相似文献
12.
杨立静 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2011,(6):62-64,68
通过对秦皇岛海域溢油污染事故进行分析,运用溢油风险评估的理论,对秦皇岛水域海上溢油风险作出了评估,以期当出现溢油事故时损失减小到最低。 相似文献
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Oil spill contingency planners need an improved approach to understanding and planning for the human dimensions of oil spills.
Drawing on existing literature in social impact assessment, natural hazards, human ecology, adaptive management, global change
and sustainability, we develop an integrative approach to understanding and portraying the human dimensions impacts of stressors
associated with oil spill events. Our approach is based on three fundamental conclusions that are drawn from this literature
review. First, it is productive to acknowledge that, while stressors can produce human impacts directly, they mainly affect
intermediary processes and changes to these processes produce human impacts. Second, causal chain modeling taken from hazard
management literature provides a means to document how oil spill stressors change processes and produce human impacts. Third,
concepts from the global change literature on vulnerability enrich causal models in ways that make more obvious how management
interventions lessen hazards and mitigate associated harm. Using examples from recent spill events, we illustrate how these
conclusions can be used to diagrammatically portray the human dimensions of oil spills. 相似文献
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An examination of chicken-drop micro-organisms for oil spill remediation is presented in this work. The chicken droppings contained aerobic heterotrophs (1.2×108 CFU g–1), total fungi (3.4×104 CFU g–1) and crude oil (transniger pipeline crude, TNP) degrading bacteria (1.5×106 CFU g–1). The crude oil degraders were identified as species of Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, and Penicillium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa CDB-06 and species of Bacillus CDB-08 and Penicillium CDF-10 degraded the crude oil at exceedingly high rates. Pseuedomonas aeruginosa CDB-06 degraded 65.5 percent of the crude oil after 16 days, while Bacillus sp. CDB-08, and Penicillium sp. CDF-10 degraded 65.3 percent, and 53.3 percent, respectively of the crude oil over the same period. The chicken droppings also had a pH 7.3, 18.5 percent moisture content, 2.3 percent total nitrogen, and 0.5 percent available phosphorus. Addition of oil polluted soil (10 percent (v/w) pollution level) with chicken droppings enhanced degradation of the crude oil in the soil. 68.2 percent of the crude oil was degraded in the soil amended with chicken droppings, whereas only 50.7 percent of the crude oil was degraded in the unamended soil after 16 days. The amendment raised the acidic reaction (pH 5.7) of the oil-polluted soil to alkaline (pH 7.2) within 16 days. Chicken droppings could, therefore, be used in an integrated oil pollution abatement program. 相似文献
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Physicochemical Characteristics and Pollution Indicators in the Intertidal Zone of Kuwait: Implications for Benthic Ecology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
/ The coastal environment of Kuwait has been under considerable stress since the onset of the oil era in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Oil, sewage, and industrial pollution were believed to be the main environmental problems in the coastal zone. The huge oil spill and destruction caused by the Gulf War further complicated those problems. In this article, the temperature, pH, salinity, and total dissolved sulfide (TDS) of the interstitial water in the intertidal zone and the water content and total organic carbon (TOC) of the intertidal sediment were investigated. The purpose of the study was to understand the effect of the physicochemical characteristics on the intertidal benthic ecology and to identify the level and sources of organic pollution in the intertidal zone. The study results indicated that the prevailing harsh environmental conditions, especially high temperature and salinity, restricted benthic fauna diversity and led to the development of a fragile intertidal ecosystem. The fauna inhabiting the intertidal zone was dominated by a few species probably living at their limit of tolerance. Organic pollution was evident mainly in Sulaibikhat Bay and to a lesser extent in Kuwait City waterfront and Shuaiba coast in the south. The pollution was attributed mainly to land-based sources such as the occasional discharge of raw sewage through stormwater outlets, the direct oil spillage, and industrial effluents from refineries, oil terminals, and petrochemical plants. Quantitative analysis was inconclusive in establishing a significant correlation between the chemistry and composition of the benthic fauna. However, close examination of sites with high TOC and TDS concentrations indicated that the benthic fauna in those sites was showing evidence of degradation. A number of strategies were recommended to ensure protection and sustainable management of the coastal environment.KEY WORDS: Intertidal environment; Pollution; Total organic carbon; Dissolved sulfide; Interstitial water; Benthic fauna 相似文献