从老鼠被毒死之后看生物多样性

正活动目的:通过活动使孩子们理解生物多样性和自己生活的关系。活动准备:找到一些图片来配合事例的讲解和问题的讨论。学生需要准备纸和笔。活动步骤:(1)老师带领学生一起做"头脑风暴",讨论我们生活中的衣食住行,还有娱乐、小说、诗歌等,这些我们每天都离不开的事物中哪些与自然有关?可以把学生分成小组,每个组以一个主题来讨论,比如有的小组围绕"吃"讨论,有的小组围绕"行"来讨论。小组要把讨论的结果记录下来,记录的方法可以多样,用文字、图表或者绘画的方式都可以。小组讨论后,每个小组派代表向大家汇报,并把结果贴在黑板上。     

环京津贫困带农民生态创业减贫机制研究

立足于创新创业和精准扶贫这一时代背景,在"两山"理论的指导下,贫困地区农民实施生态创业策略可拓展农民增收渠道,增加农民经营性收入,促进该地区生态—社会—经济的复合式发展,有效实现脱贫与生态环境保护的耦合,而生态创业如何帮助农民脱贫是当前有待研究的问题。利用利益相关者理论和参与式扶贫理论,从角色和支持内容两方面对农民生态创业减贫活动中的要素进行分析。基于机制设计理论并结合环京津贫困带的区域特点,对农民生态创业减贫机制进行设计和总结,研究发现:孵化协调机制、市场对接机制、项目引导机制、支撑服务机制和区域协同治理机制的相互协调有助于减轻政府扶贫压力。从提供孵化培育平台、打通市场通道、加强参与式项目引导、完善支撑服务链和进一步推动区域协同治理方面提出建议。     

“征集校园环保宣传招贴”

《环境教育》现面向各"绿色小记者"站和准备成立"绿色小记者站"的学校征集校园环保宣传招贴啦!活动形式此次活动共分为两个组别:团体组和个人组,共设立最佳标语奖10名,最佳作品奖10名,优秀作品奖60名,最佳组织奖10名,优秀"绿色小记者站"10名。     

基于林农参与式森林经营培训的影响评价——以福建山连村为例

森林参与式经营在林农林业生产中起着重要的作用。针对当前公众参与政策制定不足的现状,通过对案例点开展参与式森林经营管理培训实践的分析,认识到森林参与式培训对林农经营森林资源的意义和作用,了解并发现林农对现行森林资源管理政策的需求以及当前政策中存在的问题。研究表明,森林参与式培训效果作用明显,资源管理政策缺乏有效的公众参与,导致政策设定有失合理。提出对策建议,以期对参与式森林经营管理培训的推广提供一定的实践意义。     

高等职业院校教学模式探讨

教学模式是将多种教学方法有机地加以"整合"。从教学模式的角度来研究课堂教学为教学研究提供了新的思路,为教学理论与实践架起了一座桥梁。本文介绍了教学模式的概念、作用、发展及分类,分析了高职教学模式现状并对模式的构建提出了建议。     

娱乐之间--利用卡通做环境教育的新尝试

2005年7月,丹麦的四位老师(两位动画老师、一位素描老师以及一位翻译)与"自然之友"合作,将环境教育与卡通的手段结合起来,在中国北京市选择了两所小学,进行了首次尝试,活动结束后,效果十分明显,有鉴于此,<环境教育>将这次活动的过程记录如下,希望可以给一线教师一种新的教学模式,并且一起进行探讨.     

森林资源参与式社区共管：治理语境下的价值考量

森林资源参与式社区共管是社区群众、政府、非政府组织及其它社会组织共同参与森林资源经营、管理和保护的治理模式.参与式社区共管沿袭治理理论的价值和精神,推动着传统森林资源管理模式的变革,力图构建参与、分权、多中心的森林资源管理体系.     

论高职高专英语教学改革——我院英语分级教学探索

根据目前我院英语教学状况,英语公共课有必要改革"单一目标"的教学模式,采用多目标个性化分层教学模式,提高学生英语素质.文中具体探讨了多目标个性化分级教学模式的内涵、实施的前提条件、依据及策略.     

提高“项目教学”实效性的实践研究

"项目教学法"是实施探究式教学模式的一种教学方法,适用于各类实践性和操作性较强的专业知识、技能的学习,可以帮助学习者提高学习效率,加强职业角色的塑造与职业能力的培养。"项目教学"被普遍认为是能将专业学科体系与职业行业体系紧密结合的教学模式,"项目捆绑教学模式"是实现高等职业教育"四个合作"的有效途径。研究影响这种教学模式开展的教师、学生、工程项目、教学管理等方面因素,以及总结该种模式在教学运行过程中的实效性手段,有利于提高高等职业教育的教学质量。     

天下溪教育咨询中心举行“草原保护网络”启动仪式

2006年9月3日，天下溪教育咨询中心举行了“草原保护网络”的启动仪式，本次活动进行草原保护主题的参与式讨论和“草原的基本生态学”的专题讨论。活动中，通过团队游戏的方式，和同样关注草原的一群朋友相识，了解彼此。通过共同讨论，明确草原保护网络的定位、目标、产出以及每个机构与个人对于网络的需求与贡献，达成共识，建立协作关系。天下溪宋增明先生对“草原保护网络”的设想做了详细介绍。参与活动的专家、学以及媒体代表分别发表了对草原保护的构想。     

Implementing the UNCCD: Participatory challenges

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) emphasizes the need for public participation in land degradation assessment and rehabilitation. While participatory approaches are supported by a growing body of research and practice, meaningfully involving the people affected by land degradation is far from straightforward. This paper investigates the challenge of using the UNCCD as a guide to influence community participation in policy‐making and practice at national and local levels by analyzing experiences from three southern African countries. We show that the UNCCD represents a useful normative framework for addressing degradation problems, but that the participatory ethos is difficult to enact at the national level. Whilst there is increasing evidence that combining local and scientific knowledge using participatory mechanisms can deliver the benefits that the Convention strives to achieve, communication between researchers and practitioners, and those involved in implementing the UNCCD at the national level needs to be strengthened. Broad lessons and best practices in incorporating participatory practices into policy development are elucidated. Our case studies show that a range of mixed‐method, interdisciplinary approaches can enable policy‐makers and practitioners to meaningfully engage those who are affected by land degradation in its definition, assessment and rehabilitation.     

Understanding the impact of democratic logics on participatory resource decision-making in New Zealand

This paper claims that participatory approaches to water resource management in New Zealand are highly influenced by how institutional and community actors understand and practise democracy, including indigenous Māori rights under the Treaty of Waitangi. Drawing on case study analysis from a six-year research programme in which the aim was to evaluate existing and new methods for participatory decision-making, we highlight how different but co-existing democratic beliefs and practices, referred to as democratic logics can shape relationships between governance/decision-making bodies and affected communities. One particular case is examined in detail to illustrate how the various “logics” were strengthened, extended and challenged through participatory research methodologies. Our key message is that revealing and articulating existing democratic logics for participation can help promote and facilitate new participatory approaches, as well as increase robustness and community buy-in to local government decision-making.     

Local participation, international politics, and the environment: the World Bank and the Grenada Dove

The process of locating waste disposal sites in the Eastern Caribbean country of Grenada illustrates important lessons in the implementation of new international mandates to invite stakeholder participation in projects with environmental and social impacts. This case study analyzes the participatory methods and results of the World Bank-funded project in Grenada, including an unexpected shift in the policy agenda toward habitat protection for the elusive Grenada Dove, the national bird of Grenada. We conclude that the impact of new requirements for stakeholder inclusion by funding agencies such as the World Bank and Global Environmental Facility has been palpable, but mixed. As the catalysts of more participatory methods, funding agencies still must give more careful consideration to the methods by which their participatory requirements are implemented. In particular they must develop more effective knowledge of and relationships with a broader range of stakeholders than are routinely considered by existing methods, allow for and learn from unexpected contingencies, and be flexible as to project goals and methods.     

The Importance of Participatory Virtues in the Future of Environmental Education

Participatory approaches to environmental decision making and assessment continue to grow in academic and policy circles. Improving how we understand the structure of deliberative activities is especially important for addressing problems in natural resources, climate change, and food systems that have wicked dimensions, such as deep value disagreements, high degrees of uncertainty, catastrophic risks, and high costs associated with errors. Yet getting the structure right is not the only important task at hand. Indeed, participatory activities can break down and fail to achieve their specific goals when some of the deliberators lack what we will call participatory virtues. We will argue for the importance of future research on how environmental education can incorporate participatory virtues to equip future citizens with the virtues they will need to deliberate about wicked, environmental problems. What is the role of education for deliberative skills and virtues relative to other aspects of environmental education, such as facts and values education? How important is it relative to careful design of the deliberative process? What virtues really matter?     

Local Government and Emerging Models of Participation in the Local Agenda 21 Process

Local Agenda 21, with its major emphasis on local accountability and democratization, challenges perceptions of local governance and offers a long overdue opportunity, for local authorities in particular, to develop broad-based, effective, participatory structures. This paper examines initial responses to this opportunity. It models the newly emerging participatory structures and processes in selected English local authority areas, and demonstrates that there may be no one path that local authorities should follow. A number of alternative approaches to community participation can and are being adopted, contingent upon local circumstances.     

Involving Stakeholders in Building Integrated Fisheries Models Using Bayesian Methods

A participatory Bayesian approach was used to investigate how the views of stakeholders could be utilized to develop models to help understand the Central Baltic herring fishery. In task one, we applied the Bayesian belief network methodology to elicit the causal assumptions of six stakeholders on factors that influence natural mortality, growth, and egg survival of the herring stock in probabilistic terms. We also integrated the expressed views into a meta-model using the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method. In task two, we used influence diagrams to study qualitatively how the stakeholders frame the management problem of the herring fishery and elucidate what kind of causalities the different views involve. The paper combines these two tasks to assess the suitability of the methodological choices to participatory modeling in terms of both a modeling tool and participation mode. The paper also assesses the potential of the study to contribute to the development of participatory modeling practices. It is concluded that the subjective perspective to knowledge, that is fundamental in Bayesian theory, suits participatory modeling better than a positivist paradigm that seeks the objective truth. The methodology provides a flexible tool that can be adapted to different kinds of needs and challenges of participatory modeling. The ability of the approach to deal with small data sets makes it cost-effective in participatory contexts. However, the BMA methodology used in modeling the biological uncertainties is so complex that it needs further development before it can be introduced to wider use in participatory contexts.     

Advancing the deliberative turn in natural resource management: an analysis of discourses on the use of local resources

The natural resource management literature stresses the need for public participation and community involvement in resource management and planning. Recently, some of this literature turned to the theory on deliberative democracy and demonstrated that a deliberative perspective on participation can help to challenge established practices and contribute with new ideas about how to conduct participation. The purpose of this paper is to consider the latest developments in deliberative democracy and outline the implications arising from these insights for a "deliberative turn" in resource management. A bottom-up protected area establishment, the Gori?ko Landscape Park, is examined. The empirical case is discussed from a discursive perspective, which relied on John Dryzek's approach to discourse analysis here used to explore the construction of discourses on the use of local natural resources. Two discourses are identified and the way these interfaced with the participatory park establishment process is considered. Findings indicate that advocates of the two discourses engaged differently with the participatory tools used and this had important implications for the park establishment. The case study suggests that, in contexts where participation has been recently introduced, knowledge of discourses on the use of local natural resources and of mobilization strategies actors may pursue could usefully assist in the design and implementation of participatory processes.     

Public Participation and Local Environmental Planning: the collective action problem and the potential of social capital

Expanding the opportunities for public participation in environmental planning is not always the best option. Starting from an institutional public choice analysis of public participation in terms of the collective action problem, this paper emphasises the roots of participatory activities in the incentive structures facing potential participants. It then goes on to consider the strategies that may be adopted for encouraging greater public involvement and looks particularly to the social capital literature for suggestions of how institutional redesign may alter these incentive structures. The paper concludes by distinguishing three different modes of environmental planning, in terms of the rationale for participation, the severity of the collective action problem and the associated participatory strategy that can be adopted.     

Factors influencing the sustained participation of farmers in participatory forestry: a case study in central Sal forests in Bangladesh

Wide acceptance of sustainable development as a concept and as the goal of forest management has shifted forest management policies from a traditional to a people-oriented approach. Consequently, with its multiple new objectives, forest management has become more complex and an information gap exits between what is known and what is utilized, which hinders the sustained participation of farmers. This gap arose mainly due to an interrupted flow of information. With participatory forestry, the information flow requires a broad approach that goes beyond the forest ecosystem and includes the different stakeholders. Thus in participatory forest management strategies, policymakers, planners and project designers need to incorporate all relevant information within the context of the dynamic interaction between stakeholders and the forest environment. They should understand the impact of factors such as management policies, economics and conflicts on the sustained participation of farmers. This study aimed to use primary cross-sectional data to identify the factors that might influence the sustained participation of farmers in participatory forestry. Using stratified random sampling, 581 participants were selected to take part in this study, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire by interviewing the selected participants. To identify the dominant factors necessary for the sustained participation of farmers, logistic regression analyses were performed. The following results were observed: (a) sustained participation is positively and significantly correlated with (i) satisfaction of the participants with the tree species planted on their plots; (ii) confidence of the participants that their aspired benefits will be received; (iii) provision of training on different aspects of participatory forestry; (iv) contribution of participants' money to Tree Farming Funds. (b) The sustained participation of farmers is negatively and significantly correlated with the disruption of local peoples' interests through implementation of participatory forestry programs, and long delays in the harvesting of trees after completion of the contractual agreement period.