外来赤潮生物入侵现状及对赤潮灾害的影响研究

外来赤潮生物入侵加剧了我国近海海域的赤潮灾害。根据2004—2013年的数据统计,分别从赤潮生物优势种、频率、海域分布和赤潮面积4个方面分析了外来赤潮生物对我国近海赤潮灾害的影响,并着重从外来赤潮生物入侵早期预警系统建设、压舱水排放管理和赤潮灾害防治技术3个方面提出应对措施。     

滴血的大海

一艘红帆船跃出海平线,载回了岸边久久等待着的少女心中那圣洁的幸福。这则美丽的童话,在我舞(竹)刀弄(木)枪的童年时代留下了别样清丽的印象。从此,红色与大海成了我意念中的浪漫。然而,“红色与大海”同“红色的大海”绝不是一回事。大海变红可不好玩,更不浪漫,无论对人、对鱼,还是对大海。这就是赤潮。总不相信赤潮真会是红的。直到前几日,在电视里看到一组航拍资料,蓝色的大海上赤潮肆虐,在阳光下发出缕缕刺眼的红色,像海魔的赤发,又像大海滴血的伤口。赤潮原本是自然现象。作为大海的一种自我调节方式,原本有限的赤潮与人类关系并不是…     

我国海域近来相继出现赤潮 国家海洋局提请高度重视海洋环保

据报道,自去年以来,我国一些海域相继出现赤潮,给海洋生物资源和生态环境造成危害。国家海洋局最近提请各有关方面重视这一问题,迅速控制赤潮发生率提高的趋势。所谓赤潮,是指海水中浮游生物爆发性增殖而形成的一种水体变色现象。由于浮游生物的过量增殖,迅速消耗了海水中的溶解氧,造成缺氧环境,生活在该海区的海洋生物遭受损害以致出现死亡。赤潮发生区的水体颜色可因浮游生物种类不同呈红、黄、绿、褐、黑色。从去年到现在,国家海洋局的海监船和海监飞机先后在舟山群岛南部海域、厦门西港的宝珠屿附近海域、长江口外海域发现赤潮。今年6至8月,仅长江口外海域就相继发生两次,有时分布范围竟长达20余海里,宽6至7海里。据介绍,70年代以前,我国有文字记载的赤潮仅发生过3次,70年代以后已发生10余次。它已成     

中国1998年的三大生态灾害

目前全国生态形势很严峻，一方治理，多方破坏，点上治理，面上破坏，治理赶不上破坏，呈现出生态破坏范围在扩大、程度在加剧、危害在加重的态势。1998年，我国相继发生了三次大的生态灾害，是大自然无情地报复人类违背自然规律，不合理开发利用自然资源的一年。一、赤潮第一次大的生态灾害是赤潮，发生在广东东部的绕平县和南粤县海域，从1997年Ic月持续到1998年2月份，共100多天，面积达3000平方公里。1998年3月份在珠江口及其两侧地区，即深圳大鹏湾和香港又发生了赤潮，到3月中旬，赤潮达到了高峰。4月上旬赤潮蔓延到珠海市和阳江市附…     

甲藻赤潮和水华应急处置技术的进展

近年来,我国甲藻赤潮和水华经常发生,致使生态系统进一步恶化。根据国内外有关的研究报道,进行了综合评估分析,为在不同环境条件下,相应地采取生物、物理和化学等方法应急处置甲藻赤潮和水华提供参考。     

赤潮生物中的新毒素

日东各地不断发生赤潮,使鱼类受害。鱼类的死亡是由于赤潮生物中的双鞭毛藻类所制造出的毒素。在这类毒素中,水溶性的蛤蚌毒素类和鞭毛毒素类已为人们所知。最近又发现了与它们的结构完全不同的脂溶性毒素短杆菌A、B、C。其中,短杆菌B的结构已经确定。是11个醚环交替并列为反式。短杆菌C的结构也基本确定,与B相似,特点是含氯。     

蓝藻病毒噬藻体的感染特性与应用前景

介绍了蓝藻病毒噬藻体的分类、命名,论述了蓝藻病毒噬藻体的感染特性,并分析了这类病毒在赤潮和水华生物防治方面的应用前景。     

水体富营养化

水体富营养化是指氮、磷等植物营养物质含量过多所引起的水质污染现象。当过量营养进入湖泊、水库、河口、海湾等缓流水体后，水生生物特别是藻类将大量繁殖，使水中溶解氧含量急剧下降，以致影响到鱼类等的生存。在自然条件下，湖泊从贫营养湖→营养湖→沼泽→陆地的演变过程极为缓慢；人类的活动将大量工业废水和生活污水以及农田径流中的植物营养物质排入湖泊等水体后，将大大加速水体的富营养化进程。水体富营养化后，由于浮游生物大量繁殖，往往呈现蓝色、红色、棕色、乳白色等。这种现象在江河湖泊中称为水华，在海中则叫做赤潮。     

水生植物化感作用应急处置海洋赤潮和淡水水华

近年来,植物化感作用逐渐成为控制藻类暴发的一种新技术。根据国内外的研究成果,着重从水生植物化感作用、化感抑藻物质、应急处置藻类方法、海洋赤潮和淡水水华的应急处置及机理进行评述,并对该技术今后的发展予以展望。     

巴拉顿湖的污染控制

1988年9月我随四川省建委主任、省环保委员会副主任杜恒产参加了在匈牙利巴拉顿湖畔盖斯特里镇召开的第三届世界湖泊保护与管理大会。会议期间,考察了欧洲第_二大淡水湖——巴拉顿湖,听取了有关专家的报告。巴拉顿湖是一个大面积的浅水湖,面积596km~2,平均水深3.25m,容积1.9×10~9m~3,集水区面积5.179km~2。古往今来一直是匈牙利经济、文化的重要地区,是全国最重要的旅游、疗养地。60年代初对湖水监测的资料表明,4个湖区浮游植物的初级生产量几乎都处于中等营养状态。1973年在1号湖区测得单位面积的初级生产量竟是1963年     

TIDE GATE INFLUENCES ON A TIDAL MARSH1

ABSTRACT: Construction of a tide gate at the mouth of the north channel of the Savannah River in Georgia has resulted in significant changes in salinities influencing marsh community changes. The tide gate is directly responsible for a 2 to 6 mile upstream displacement of salt water in the river. In the marsh, soil salinities ranged from 0.0 ppt at upstream sites to 12 ppt at downstream sites when the tide gate was in operation. Within two months of taking the tide gate out of operation, interstitial salinities at the downstream sites dropped to 4 ppt. Influences of the tide gate on marsh vegetation were modeled in a geographic information system. With the tide gate out of operation, the model predicts that freshwater marsh would increase in area by 340 percent.     

世界经济掀起绿色浪潮国际环保市场充满商机

本文介绍了发达国家绿色产业发展的现状及趋势,预示绿色产业在国际环保市场的领先潮流。我国要顺应这绿色潮流,提高我国环保产业在国际市场上的竞争力。     

滨州市沿海防潮工程的生态响应

地处黄河三角洲腹地的滨州沿海为风暴潮多发区,沿海防潮工程建设已取得了显著的经济社会效益,同时也带来了一些负面生态效应,主要表现在:海岸侵蚀、潮滩潮沟退化、贝壳堤岛部分丧失、鱼类回游通道截断和入海河流水质恶化等。建议今后应加强防潮工程生态影响监测与评价,海岸带生态修复和防潮工程技术研究,以充分发挥沿海防潮工程的作用。     

Hydrologic modeling as a predictive basis for ecological restoration of salt marshes

Roads, bridges, causeways, impoundments, and dikes in the coastal zone often restrict tidal flow to salt marsh ecosystems. A dike with tide control structures, located at the mouth of the Herring River salt marsh estuarine system (Wellfleet, Massachusetts) since 1908, has effectively restricted tidal exchange, causing changes in marsh vegetation composition, degraded water quality, and reduced abundance of fish and macroinvertebrate communities. Restoration of this estuary by reintroduction of tidal exchange is a feasible management alternative. However, restoration efforts must proceed with caution as residential dwellings and a golf course are located immediately adjacent to and in places within the tidal wetland. A numerical model was developed to predict tide height levels for numerous alternative openings through the Herring River dike. Given these model predictions and knowledge of elevations of flood-prone areas, it becomes possible to make responsible decisions regarding restoration. Moreover, tidal flooding elevations relative to the wetland surface must be known to predict optimum conditions for ecological recovery. The tide height model has a universal role, as demonstrated by successful application at a nearby salt marsh restoration site in Provincetown, Massachusetts. Salt marsh restoration is a valuable management tool toward maintaining and enhancing coastal zone habitat diversity. The tide height model presented in this paper will enable both scientists and resource professionals to assign a degree of predictability when designing salt marsh restoration programs.     

Using turbidity and acoustic backscatter intensity as surrogate measures of suspended sediment concentration in a small subtropical estuary

The suspended sediment concentration is a key element in stream monitoring, although the turbidity and acoustic Doppler backscattering may be suitable surrogate measures. Herein a series of new experiments were conducted in laboratory under controlled conditions using water and mud samples collected in a small subtropical estuary of Eastern Australia. The relationship between suspended sediment concentration and turbidity exhibited a linear relationship, while the relationships between suspended sediment concentration and acoustic backscatter intensity showed a monotonic increase. The calibration curves were affected by both sediment material characteristics and water quality properties, implying that the calibration of an acoustic Doppler system must be performed with the waters and soil materials of the natural system. The results were applied to some field studies in the estuary during which the acoustic Doppler velocimeter was sampled continuously at high frequency. The data yielded the instantaneous suspended sediment flux per unit area in the estuarine zone. They showed some significant fluctuations in instantaneous suspended mass flux, with a net upstream-suspended mass flux during flood tide and net downstream sediment flux during ebb tide. For each tidal cycle, the integration of the suspended sediment flux per unit area data with respect of time yielded some net upstream sediment flux in average.     

MODELING TIDAL HYDRODYNAMICS OF SAN DIEGO BAY,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT: In 1983, current data were collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration using mechanical current meters. During 1992 through 1996, acoustic Doppler current profilers as well as mechanical current meters and tide gauges were used. These measurements not only document tides and tidal currents in San Diego Bay, but also provide independent data sets for model calibration and verification. A high resolution (100-m grid), depth-averaged, numerical hydrodynamic model has been implemented for San Diego Bay to describe essential tidal hydrodynamic processes in the bay. The model is calibrated using the 1983 data set and verified using the more recent 1992–1996 data. Discrepancies between model predictions and field data in both model calibration and verification are on the order of the magnitude of uncertainties in the field data. The calibrated and verified numerical model has been used to quantify residence time and dilution and flushing of contaminant effluent into San Diego Bay. Furthermore, the numerical model has become an important research tool in ongoing hydrodynamic and water quality studies and in guiding future field data collection programs.     

谈心理健康教育对高职院校学风建设的作用

目前学风建设在高职院校中多采用以学生为主体、以教师为主导和制度辅助等形式.鉴于学生的从众趋向和群体意识、模仿等对学风建设产生的心理机制的影响,大学生自我发展因素又可能产生相反的问题性影响,心理健康教育可以通过促进学生优良品德的形成,提高学生智力活动和身心素质,对高职院校良好学风的建设有促进作用.     

Sewage sludge as organic ameliorant for revegetation of fine bauxite refining residue

The rise in aluminium demand in the world has significantly increased the generation of bauxite residue which occupies huge areas of land worldwide. Direct revegetation of residue storage areas has been unsuccessful because of the high alkalinity and salinity, and poor nutrient contents of the fine residue (red mud). This paper describes glasshouse and field experiments evaluating the potential use of sewage sludge as an organic ameliorant for gypsum amended red mud. The growth of Agropyron elongatum in red mud receiving gypsum (0 and 38.5 t ha⁻¹) and sewage sludge (0, 38.5 and 77 t ha⁻¹) amendment was assessed in a glasshouse study. Leachate and soil analyses revealed that gypsum was effective in reducing the pH, EC and ESP of red mud, while sewage sludge gave additional reductions in EC, Na and ESP. No evidence of any significant increases in heavy metal contents were observed in the leachates following sewage sludge amendment. However, soil Al contents were more available in red mud receiving only sewage sludge treatment. Sewage sludge amendment significantly increased dry weight yield and provided sufficient nutrients for plant growth except K which was marginal. No heavy metal accumulation was observed in Agropyron. Following that, a field experiment was performed having red mud amended with sewage sludge (38.5, 77 and 154 t ha⁻¹) and gypsum (38.5 and 77 t ha⁻¹) to evaluate their effects on soil physical properties of red mud. Sewage sludge significantly reduced soil bulk density (25%) and particle density (9%) and increased the total porosity of red mud (8%). Hydraulic conductivity also increased from 1.5 to 23 × 10⁻⁵ m s⁻¹. Plant cover percentage and dry weight yield of Agropyron increased with an increase in gypsum and sewage sludge amendment. The results confirm that sewage sludge is effective in improving both soil structure and nutrient status of gypsum amended red mud. The use of sewage sludge for red mud revegetation provides not just an option for sludge disposal, but also a cost effective revegetation strategy for bauxite refining industry.