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王苗苗 《国外农业环境保护》2012,(2):84-87
GC/MS已经广泛应用于水质检测中,尤其是对复杂化学组分进行分离鉴定和定量检测。众多的应用研究表明,凭借其特有的高选择性及灵敏度,已成为水质检测重要的技术手段。本文对GC/MS在水质有机污染物检测中的应用做一些介绍。 相似文献
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赵辉 《国外农业环境保护》2012,(2):42-44
农业检验检测工作的开展,为农产品质量安全提供了保障,并由过去的检验检测仅限于农产品产量安全发展到与农产品质量相关的领域,如产地环境、农业投入品等方面的检测。产量有关因素和质量有关因素的检验检测相结合,同步推进,实施专业化的综合性检验检测,这就必须根据新时期农业发展需要,结合农产品质量安全工作内涵,整合现有农业检测资源,提高专业化检测水平;形成布局合理的检测体系,深化、细化、广化检测内容与项目,提高检验检测的科学技术水平。 相似文献
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企业按照《石化企业泄漏检测与修复工作指南》要求开展装置泄漏检测与修复(LDAR),针对工作中存在的实施LDAR时间短,经验不足,现场工作存在的问题等情况,文章结合现场工作实践,提出LDAR实施过程分六项展开,即图纸分析、现场排查、信息录入平台、现场检测、检测数据上传平台、修复与复测,工作难点在于图纸分析和现场排查,其质量决定了后续的工作量、LDAR减排量的核算和项目的费用支出;认为LDAR实施时密封点标识的有效性有待进一步加强,但数字化图件的应用和检测数据自动保存与上传可能成为发展趋势。 相似文献
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基于便携水质测定仪,结合行标法HJ/T399—2007《水质 化学需氧量的测定 快速消解分光光度法》的实验原理,通过调节消解液的酸度和增加消解时间方式,建立化学需氧量(COD)现场快速消解优化法。 实验结果显示此优化法标准曲线相关系数达0.9994以上,标准偏差为1.3%~2.1%,加标回收率95.4%~103.5%,均符合实验要求,在实际废水样品检测中,比行标法(HJ/T 399—2007)准确度更好,与便携分析仪方法检测结果具有一致性,与滴定法HJ 828—2017《水质 化学需氧量的测定 重铬酸盐法》验证也无差异,此优化法具有成本低、操作简单快捷、准确度高的优点,适合于废水大批量的现场快速检测。 相似文献
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环境监测质量管理是环境监测实验室的重要工作之一,是保证环境监测数据“准确性、精密性、代表性、完整性、可比性”的重要手段。在总结环境监测实验室(二级站)环境监测质量管理实践经验的基础上,针对管理过程中存在的领导重视程度不够、体系文件宣贯不到位、技术人员上岗证考核不系统、现场采样和样品管理质控有缺陷等方面问题,提出了强化制度落实、加强技术培训、试行全过程质控等对策建议。 相似文献
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本文从污染源调查、监测方案、布点和采样、样品保存和前处理、监测分析、数据处理和监测报告等方面,讨论污染源水质监测的质量保证。强调质量保证体系应当贯穿于污染源水质监测的全过程。污染源水质监测过程始终都应有质量保证措施,才能获得准确可靠的测定结果。 相似文献
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河流水质模型在双流县流域治理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究利用现有的河流水质模型,构建了一个可实时模拟河流水环境质量变化状况的动态模型。模型采用一维稳态单组分水质模型对河流的CODCr、NH3-N的降解进行计算,采用多宾斯-坎普稳态模型对河流的BOD、DO变化情况进行计算。模型引入水文数据、水质监测数据、环境统计数据、社会统计公报数据,以Excel作为数据平台,可以反演出河流不同月份、不同区段的污染物降解系数。研究将该模型应用于双流县的流域治理,以在锦江双流段的应用为例进行了具体说明。根据2008年双流县河流的相关数据,研究使用该模型反演出了锦江双流段的污染物降解系数,并对其反映的流域污染状况进行了分析。随后,研究使用该模型已计算出的岷江中段河流的降解系数,模拟计算了4种情景下锦江双流段出境断面的可能水质变化,以验证拟定的双流县流域治理方案的预期效果。模型具有实用性和进一步扩展的功能。 相似文献
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新乡市环境质量变化原因及应对措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对比分析新乡市2011年与2010年的监测数据,发现:环境空气质量、地表水河流控制断面有污染加重的趋势;气象条件、经济形势低迷、机动车尾气排放、交通干道堵塞是引起空气质量变化的原因;引起地表水质量变化的原因包括没有新鲜水源补给、结构性污染严重、其他城市来水污染、污水处理厂没有脱氮除磷设施。由此,提出了严格实行总量预算管理、转变经济增长方式、加强政府干预、加大环境监管、加强基础设施建设、河渠综合整治的改善环境质量的对策建议。 相似文献
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Roy W. Koch Thomas G. Sanders H. J. Morel-Seytoux 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1982,18(5):815-821
ABSTRACT: The detection of change in a hydrologic varaible, particularly water quality, is a current problem. A method is presented for testing whether there has been a shift in the mean of a hydrologic variable based on the well established bivariate normal distribution theory. In this technique, the dependent, or target, and the independent, or control, variables are formed as weighted linear combinations of the mean values at a number of locations in a selected target and control area. The weighting factors are determined based on a mathematical programming technique which minimizes the conditional coefficient of variation thereby minimizing the number of observations required to detect a change of a preselected magnitude in the mean of the target area. The result is a situation where a savings in the number of observations required to detect a change is a consequence of adding more stations: the space-time tradeoff. Two applications of the technique are presented, the first using electrical conductivity (EC) data from two sets of river basins and the second using EC data from a set of basins as the target variable and annual discharge as the control. The results indicate that a significant savings in time can be achieved by using this method. 相似文献
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John M. Peckenham Sarah K. Peckenham 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(6):1477-1487
Student scientists have analyzed groundwater used for drinking water in rural areas to understand groundwater quality. This was part of a greater effort to understand risks to drinking water. The data produced by middle level and high school students have not been accepted by experts because of concerns about method and student accuracy. We assessed the inherent errors associated with method accuracy, student precision, and sample variability to establish bounds for attainable trueness in water analyses. Analytical test kits and probes were evaluated for the determination of pH, conductivity, chloride, hardness, iron, total soluble metals, and nitrate. In terms of precision, all methods met or exceeded design specifications. Method trueness was variable and in general ranged from good to poor depending on method. A gage reproducibility and repeatability analysis of instrumental methods (pH and conductivity) partitioned the variances into student error (12‐46%), instrumental error (8‐21%), and random error (45‐68%). Overall, student‐generated data met some of the quality objectives consistent with the method limitations. Some methods exhibited a systematic bias and data adjustment may be necessary. Given good management of the student analyst process, it is possible to make precise and accurate measurements consistent with the methods specifications. 相似文献
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彭山岷江大桥国控断面,位于岷江干流,2010年、2011年和2012年,其水质类别分别为IV类、劣V类和劣V类,主要污染物为氨氮和总磷。本文依据其上游府河中黄龙溪断面和南河中董坝子断面水质的例行监测数据来综合分析岷江大桥水质类别变化情况。分别从评价方法、浓度、流量和通量等几方面加以阐述,结果表明,2010—2012年度,岷江大桥氨氮浓度主要受黄龙溪断面水质的影响,岷江大桥总磷的变化受到黄龙溪和董坝子水质的共同作用。 相似文献
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土壤有机质测定全程质量控制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
质量控制是环境监测赖以生存和发展基础,加强全程质量控制才能确保监测数据的准确性和可靠性。结合环境监测工作实际,应用标准分析方法—重铬酸钾容量法《土壤检测第6部分:土壤有机质的测定》(NY/T 1121.6-2006)对土壤有机质测定进行了全程质量控制技术探讨。简介了方法所需仪器与试剂,深入探讨了运用标准法进行土壤中有机质测定全程质量控制技术问题。指出在标准分析方法基础上,选用有效期内质量合格分析纯以上试剂,全面规范样品采集与保存,有序开展样品制备与称取,严格管控消煮操作与滴定过程,准确进行分析结果数据处理,切实加强结果填报规定程式,能够确保大批量、成分复杂土壤样品有机质测定精密度和准确度。 相似文献
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Fredrick W. Kaurish Tamim Younos 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(2):533-545
Abstract: There is a significant need for a science‐based approach to interpret water‐monitoring data and to facilitate the rapid transfer of information to water resource managers and the general public. The water quality Index (WQI) is defined as a single numeric score that describes the surface water quality condition at a particular time and location. The objective of this paper is to describe the WQI concept and the approach for developing an ecoregion‐specific standardized WQI that meets the needs described above. The premise of the proposed WQI is based on categorizing scientifically documented aquatic life responses to changes in instream water chemistry. The method uses an aggregated procedure that matches the entire range of standardized probable biological responses to standardized narrative water quality evaluation categories and standardized rank score categories. The calculation of WQI and decision‐making process are performed within an Excel spreadsheet software program. The article includes examples of the proposed WQI applications that could enhance effective water resource management and facilitate timely communication of water quality conditions to water resource managers and the general public. 相似文献