螺旋藻与藻胆蛋白

螺旋藻是一种经济微藻 ,除可用作食品、饲料、饵料外 ,在医疗保健、精细化工和化妆品等诸多领域均有着广阔的应用前景。藻胆蛋白是存在于螺旋藻等藻类藻胆体中的一类捕光色素复合蛋白 ,具有很高的生物学基础研究与开发应用价值。     

蚕沙资源的综合开发及利用探析

蚕沙中含有多种有用的化学成分,其用途广泛、开发和利用前景广阔,从蚕沙中可以提取叶绿素、果胶、植醇、叶蛋白等多种化学物质。简介了蚕沙的化学组成和保存方法,详细论述了从蚕沙中提取叶绿素、果胶、植醇、叶蛋白等物质的工艺流程、应用现状及研究进展,最后得出开发蚕沙资源应该变单一提取个别产品为分级提取多种产品,不但可以保护环境、节约资源,还可大大提高蚕沙的综合利用价值,产生可观的经济效益。     

植物对Cd~(2+)胁迫的调控机理研究进展

重金属Cd作为非必需微量元素,经根系吸收并累积时对植物具有很强的毒性,因而开展植物对Cd的响应途径及其调控机理研究,对改良植物对Cd的耐受性以及开发超累积植物均具有重要意义。植物硫代谢、抗氧化系统和Cd2+跨膜运输是植物对重金属镉响应的主要途径,以上3种耐受机制的研究进展包括Cd2+诱导植物硫转运蛋白、硫还原相关酶类以及半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽和植物螯合肽合成及其基因表达调控,Cd2+诱发的植物抗氧化反应及其基因表达,质膜和液泡转运蛋白促进Cd2+运输和隔离的基因调控。     

番木瓜酒的研制

番木瓜(Carica Papaya)也称万寿果,速生丰产,营养丰富,是我市南亚热带区的优势水果。番木瓜成熟前可采割乳汁生产木瓜蛋白酶,成熟后还可作为酿酒原料;具有价廉、含糖份10％、供应酿造时间长等特点。然而,用番木瓜酿酒还未见报道。为了综合利用番木瓜资源,开发果酒新品种,1986年底攀枝花市酒厂引进了笔者的番木瓜发酵酒小试成果,进行了生产性试验。该厂先后使用43吨番木瓜(部分果实成熟前提取过木瓜蛋白     

日本开发桑茶饮料

桑叶是养蚕的重要饲料．由于目前人工饲料代用品的兴起；使桑叶大量过剩。针对这一情况，日本片仓桑业绢丝公司利用桑叶资源开发了桑茶，并达到商品化，受到了广大消费者的欢迎。桑茶的营养极为丰富，易于吸收，每100g桑茶合植构蛋白约2g、必需脂肪酸2g、可溶性碳水化合物25g、有机酸3g，此外还含有多种维生素和无机质。桑茶的饮用方法同普通茶完全一样。色、香与普通茶和乌龙茶无区别。桑茶不仅具有保健作用，而且还有药物功效，给糖尿病和高血压患者带来了福音。据有关专家预测，桑茶的发展前景可代替乌龙茶。日本开发桑茶饮料@刘振西…     

烟叶中高营养品质FⅠ蛋白的提纯方法

烟叶中的可溶性蛋白，特别是ＦⅠ蛋白具有很高的营养价值。大量提纯ＦⅠ蛋白的技术是开发利用ＦⅠ蛋白的关键．针对这种情况，我们经过摸索和探讨，抛弃传统的低温高速冷冻离心等费时、费工、成本高的步骤，找出了一条适合于工厂化生产的简捷大量提纯ＦⅠ蛋白的方法．从鲜叶中可获得高纯度无杂质的ＦⅠ蛋白５０００ｇ／ｔ，在提纯ＦⅠ蛋白质的废液中还可获得作牲畜饲料用的ＦⅡ蛋白。根据Ｋｕｕｇ和Ｔｓｏ均质化ｉｗ制（ＨＬＣ）的理论．提取可溶性蛋白后烟叶残渣中的蛋白含量降低，有利于制造低蛋白高品质的卷烟。     

茶叶蛋白的研究现状分析及发展对策研究

茶叶中含有15%—30%的蛋白质,对生物体具有多种重要功能,但其中绝大多数是非水溶性蛋白质,难以直接被人体吸收。目前对茶叶蛋白的研究主要集中在提取工艺上,研究表明用复合法提取的效果最好。为了更好地利用茶叶资源,可通过对非水溶性蛋白改性(溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性、胶凝性等)来提高人体对茶叶蛋白的利用率,发挥茶叶蛋白的生物功能。     

资源利用强烈反差与农业发展

农业升温、再上新台阶的有效选择是农业资源的综合开发。鉴于目前我国农业资源利用中存在的强烈反差这一“基本国情”,在农业综合开发中必须充分认识强烈反差对农业发展的制约和价值,正确处理好内涵开发与外延开发、分散开发与规模开发、示范开发与区域开发之间的关系,并实现由粗放开发向集约开发、单一开发向多元开发、单向开发向双向开发的转变。     

动物热激蛋白的研究进展

热激蛋白作为分子伴侣参与细胞的许多复杂生理活动,它与细胞凋亡密切相关.在畜牧业生产和卫生防疫等方面,热激蛋白具有重要的经济作用和科学价值.阐述了热激蛋白的概念、分类、生理功能及作用机理,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

2012年7月21日张春贤书记在自治区生态环境保护工作座谈会上的讲话摘要

当前和今后一个时期,各地各部门要重点抓好以下几方面的工作。1.坚持规划先行,以规划引领开发。要借鉴汲取已有的经验教训,规划一开始就要按照"两个可持续"要求搞好顶层设计,高起点、高水平、高效益地编制好规划。确定生态建设和环境保护的底线,科学划定"优先开发区域、重点开发区域、限制开发区域和禁止开发区域"四类主体功能区,明确开发方向,控制开发强度,规范开发秩序。依据主体     

A Procedure for Performing Population-Level Ecological Risk Assessments

/ In 1997, Oregon enacted amendments to its state hazardous waste site cleanup law which emphasize risk-based remedial action decisions. In a departure from US EPA practice, the amended statute and associated rules require that protection of ecological receptors occur at the population level for all plants and animals not listed as threatened or endangered. By rule, the acceptable risklevel for populations of ecological receptors is a 10% or less chance that 20% or more of the total local population would receive an exposure greater than the toxicity reference value for a hazardous substance. This paper describes a practical procedure for performing population-level ecological risk assessments using a combination of relatively simple techniques. The procedure involves: (1) establishing a distribution of exposures and a contaminant-specific toxicity reference value, either as a point value or a distribution, for an individual receptor, (2) estimating the abundance of these receptors within their local populations, (3) estimating the probability of an individual receptor experiencing an exposure in excess of the toxicity reference value, (4) estimating the number of individual receptors in the local population likely to experience an exposure above the toxicity reference value greater than 10% of the time, and (5) determining whether this number is greater than 20% of the total local population.     

Comparison of Stormwater Lag Times for Low Impact and Traditional Residential Development1

Abstract: This study compared lag time characteristics of low impact residential development with traditional residential development. Also compared were runoff volume, peak discharge, hydrograph kurtosis, runoff coefficient, and runoff threshold. Low impact development (LID) had a significantly greater centroid lag‐to‐peak, centroid lag, lag‐to‐peak, and peak lag‐to‐peak times than traditional development. Traditional development had a significantly greater depth of discharge and runoff coefficient than LID. The peak discharge in runoff from the traditional development was 1,100% greater than from the LID. The runoff threshold of the LID (6.0 mm) was 100% greater than the traditional development (3.0 mm). The hydrograph shape for the LID watershed had a negative value of kurtosis indicating a leptokurtic distribution, while traditional development had a positive value of kurtosis indicating a platykurtic distribution. The lag times of the LID were significantly greater than the traditional watershed for small (<25.4 mm) but not large (≥25.4 mm) storms; short duration (<4 h) but not long duration (≥4 h) storms; and low antecedent moisture condition (AMC; <25.4 mm) storms but not high AMC (≥25.4 mm) storms. This study indicates that LID resulted in lowered peak discharge depth, runoff coefficient, and discharge volume and increased lag times and runoff threshold compared with traditional residential development.     

EFFECTS OF A NORTH CENTRAL WASHINGTON WILDFIRE ON RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT PRODUCTION1

ABSTRACT: Runoff was measured from a 564-ha catchment located on the Entiat Experimental Forest for nine years before a severe wild-fire in 1970 destroyed the mixed conifer vegetation. Runoff records from the Chelan River (2 393 km²) were used as control data for determining changes in water yield during the seven years following the fire. The first post-fire year was a period of transition in which the soil profile retained more water than in previous years and measured runoff was 8.9 cm greater than the predicted value based on pre-fire conditions. Runoff from the burned catchment during subsequent years was much greater than measured values before the fire. Measured minus predicted runoff, based on the pre-fire calibration equation, varied from 10.7 cm during the dry year of 1977 to 47.2 cm during the abnormally wet year of 1972. Flow duration curves indicated that runoff at each percent value after the fire was at least double the comparable pre-fire value. Sediment production increased dramatically after the fire because of increased flow rates, increased overland flow caused by reduced infiltration capacity, and mass soil movement. Sediment yield is beginning to decrease as stream channels become stabilized and vegetation on upper slopes improves infiltration capacity.     

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: Economic Values of Recreational Power Boating Resources in Pennsylvania

/ The travel cost method was used to estimate the economic value of seven major power boating resources in Pennsylvania. A significant relationship between number of visitor trips and cost per visitor trip existed for five of the seven water bodies. The annual total value for those five resources was $396 million, which was 2.5 times greater than the total out-of-pocket expenditures of approximately $157 million visitors spent to visit them. Research results can help resource managers plan and craft programs and policies that are founded on economic values of the natural resources involved.     

Buying price of event information in two-action decision problems

Being able to determine in advance whether certain events occur or not enables a decision maker to reduce the uncertainty of a two-action lottery, although the exact outcome of the lottery may still not be known with certainty. This paper studies the á priori value of information in such a decision making environment. Of interest to the decision maker is to compare the value of information about different events in advance of gathering the information. Using buying price as value of information, we show that when information about the occurrence of two different events are offered to a risk neutral decision maker, the event with a greater contribution in absolute value to the expected value of the lottery has higher value in terms of its buying price. For risk averse decision makers, a preference condition needs to be imposed on the set difference of two events to obtain a generic conclusion. We provide several examples that demonstrate the usefulness of these results.     

成渝地区大气污染生命统计价值评价研究——基于单边界二分式的条件价值法

大气污染生命统计价值是进行大气污染造成的人体健康损失核算和大气污染防治政策成效评估的关键指标。本文运用条件价值方法的单边界二分式函数模型,对成渝地区降低大气污染健康风险的平均支付意愿和生命统计价值进行了计算。主要结论如下:①成渝地区大气污染的平均支付意愿是1974.2元,生命统计价值为394.8万元。其中,四川部分地区和重庆地区的生命统计价值分别为402万元和392.8万元。②性别、家庭年收入和自我认知的身体健康状况等指标对平均支付意愿影响较大。③在生命价值评估方法中,国内普遍使用人力资本法,而国外主要使用条件价值法。条件价值法计算的生命统计价值高于人力资本法计算的结果,但与发达国家相比,我国成渝地区的生命统计价值相对较低。     

基于ASTER GDEM的延河流域水系提取及面积高程积分研究

以延河流域为例,基于ASTER GDEM,采用图解建模方法提取河网进行面积高程积分分析.结果表明,汇流阈值越大,河道数目、河道总长和河网密度均呈现持续下降趋势;当汇流阈值为6200时,河网密度为0.28,趋于平稳;不同汇流阈值产生的河网形态各有差异,阈值越大,生成河网越稀疏,反之越密集.面积高程积分HI分析结果表明,延河大多区域处于发育壮年期,处于发育幼年期、壮年期和老年期面积分别约占总面积的0.4％、98.2％和1.4％.     

滨海城区土地利用格局时空演变及生态服务价值研究--以大连市旅顺口区为例

基于大连市旅顺口区4期土地利用数据,应用土地利用矩阵等方法揭示了2006—2015年旅顺口区土地利用方式和生态服务价值的时空变化特征。结果发现:①旅顺口区土地利用呈现出从未利用地、耕地转移至建设用地的趋势,北部建设用地与耕地之间转换最为剧烈。②近10年间旅顺口区生态服务价值降低了5.63亿元,“建设用地→林地”是生态服务价值提升效率最高的转换类型。③只有林地的生态敏感性指数大于1,说明旅顺口区生态服务价值缺乏弹性。     

Dietary crude protein and tannin impact dairy manure chemistry and ammonia emissions from incubated soils

Excess crude protein (CP) in dairy cow diets is excreted mostly as urea nitrogen (N), which increases ammonia (NH) emissions from dairy farms and heightens human health and environmental concerns. Feeding less CP and more tannin to dairy cows may enhance feed N use and milk production, abate NH emissions, and conserve the fertilizer N value of manure. Lab-scale ventilated chambers were used to evaluate the impacts of CP and tannin feeding on slurry chemistry, NH emissions, and soil inorganic N levels after slurry application to a sandy loam soil and a silt loam soil. Slurry from lactating Holstein dairy cows (Bos taurus) fed two levels of dietary CP (low CP [LCP], 155 g kg; high CP [HCP], 168 g kg) each fed at four levels of dietary tannin extract, a mixture from red quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii) and chestnut (Castanea sativa) trees (0 tannin [0T]; low tannin [LT], 4.5 g kg; medium tannin [MT], 9.0 g kg; and high tannin [HT], 18.0 g kg) were applied to soil-containing lab-scale chambers, and NH emissions were measured 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after slurry application. Emissions from the HCP slurry were 1.53 to 2.57 times greater ( < 0.05) than from the LCP slurry. At trial's end (48 h), concentrations of inorganic N in soils were greater ( < 0.05) in HCP slurry-amended soils than in LCP slurry-amended soils. Emissions from HT slurry were 28 to 49% lower ( < 0.05) than emissions from 0T slurry, yet these differences did not affect soil inorganic N levels. Emissions from the sandy loam soil were 1.07 to 1.15 times greater ( < 0.05) than from silt loam soil, a result that decreased soil inorganic N in the sandy loam compared with the silt loam soil. Larger-scale and longer-term field trails are needed to ascertain the effectiveness of feeding tannin extracts to dairy cows in abating NH loss from land-applied slurry and the impact of tannin-containing slurry on soil N cycles.     

Supplier codes of conduct: Company authorization of subcontractors

Companies continue to build greater sustainability and transparency in their supply chains to increase their business value and to respond to greater stakeholder pressures and expectations to increase sustainability and transparency. As company supply chains have grown and expanded, which presents increased challenges for building greater transparency, it is possible that the use of subcontractors in supply chains has also increased. The amount and impact of subcontracting conducted in supply chains may be of greater concern to certain companies and/or sectors than others, and it may have an important impact on their sustainability efforts. This article assesses the extent to which supplier codes of conduct apply to the use of subcontractors and include a requirement for suppliers to obtain prior company approval or authorization before subcontractors conduct work. Based on a review of more than 50 supplier codes of conduct, the companies that are highlighted in this article for including this requirement are primarily in the apparel/footwear, food, pharmaceuticals, and/or retail sectors. The article asserts that supplier codes of conduct that include requirements for suppliers to protect and safeguard confidential business information could be strengthened to further protect the company's products, integrity, and reputation/brand and increase its competitiveness and resilience by also including a requirement of prior approval or authorization of a supplier's use of subcontractors.