高矿化度稠油采出水处理实验

为解决稠油采出水合格、有序排放问题,针对稠油采出水高矿化度、可生物性差,完全采用好氧工艺处理污水难度较大的水质特点,通过对车510稠油采出水进行分析,提出了实现采出水达标排放的技术路线,并开展稠油采出水达标处理的现场实验。结果表明采用"混凝沉降+水解酸化—接触氧化"工艺处理该采出水,其出水水质中COD_(Cr)≤120mg/L、石油类≤10mg/L、挥发酚≤0.5mg/L,可达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中二级指标。     

风城油田超稠油采出水处理工艺及应用

风城油田超稠油采出水具有"含砂高、黏度高、密度高"的特点,大量不易分离的粉砂和泥质附在油中,其乳化稳定性强,处理难度大;沉降脱水罐来水含油量10 000 mg/L,悬浮物500 mg/L,高含油及悬浮物对采出水处理系统影响及冲击较大。采用"两级除油+混凝反应+两级过滤"工艺对超稠油采出水进行处理,处理后净化水含油量≤2 mg/L,悬浮物≤2 mg/L,污水处理合格率100%,污水回用率100%,回用油田注汽锅炉。实现了污水的循环利用,节约清水费用2 463.75万元,可充分利用高温采出水热能,年均节约天然气用量约5 475×10~4 Nm~3,节约天然气费用5 365.5万元。     

电絮凝＋电氧化法处理山西某区块煤层气采出水研究与实践

山西省某区块煤层气采出水水质均值为COD 170 mg/L,BOD₅29.7 mg/L,氨氮5.36 mg/L,氟化物6.59 mg/L,4个污染物指标超过GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类水质限值要求。文章针对该地区煤层气采出水的可生化性差(BOD₅/COD≤20%)、氯离子含量较高等特点,采用“电絮凝+电氧化”法进行中试试验,处理后水质COD≤17 mg/L,氨氮≤0.1 mg/L,氟化物≤1.0 mg/L,试验结果表明:采用该方法可以有效降低COD、氨氮、氟化物等主要污染物指标,使该区块煤层气采出水达到GB 3838—2002标准Ⅳ类水质要求(COD≤30 mg/L、氨氮≤1 mg/L、氟化物≤1 mg/L)。应用中试试验研究成果,采用“双电+保障(过滤)”工艺在该区块建成了煤层气采出水处理示范工程,水处理站建成投运后出水水质稳定,始终满足GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类水质要求。     

2022年《国家先进污染防治技术目录》入选技术案例

<正>纳米平板陶瓷膜污水处理技术及一体化装备技术依托单位:广西碧清源环保投资有限公司工艺路线:污水经预处理后,在高污泥浓度的活性污泥系统中去除绝大部分有机污染物,再通过无机陶瓷平板膜过滤,实现泥水分离,出水经消毒或深度处理后外排或回用。主要技术指标:进水COD≤250mg/L、SS≤150mg/L、氨氮≤25mg/L、TN≤40mg/L、TP≤4mg/L,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准要求。污泥浓度5000～20000mg/L,纳米平板陶瓷膜设备产水量18～40L/(m²·h),跨膜压差0～60kPa。     

ABR+活性污泥法在番茄废水中的应用

以奇台太极华力食品有限公司番茄废水处理工程实例为依据,介绍了采用ABR厌氧+完全混合活性污泥法工艺在处理番茄加工废水的设计、调试及运行情况。经过2年运行,其进水COD在700~1 500mg/L之间,最大处理水量达到4 000m3/d;出水COD在40~70mg/L之间,COD去除率达到97%。处理出水可以稳定达到污水综合排放二级标准。ABR+完全混合活性污泥法工艺具有启动快,调试时间短,工程造价低的优点,尤其适宜处理番茄等间歇时间长工作时间短的季节性生产污水。     

强碱三元复合驱采出水处理工艺技术研究

常规的"沉降+过滤"方式用于三元复合驱采出水处理,聚合物或黏度对石油类和SS的高效去除有较大影响,处理思路应以脱稳降黏为主。文章探索了采用的"气浮沉降+生化氧化+高级氧化+二级过滤"工艺,达到石油类≤800 mg/L,SS≤350 mg/L,黏度≤12 mPa·s,PAM≤800 mg/L,使采出水处理稳定达到回注水要求,降低滤池冲洗难度,降低了固液分离难度,提高了工艺运行稳定性。对于采出水进一步开展膜深度处理,采出水实现回注低渗透层等具有重要意义。     

页岩气增产采出水处理方法研究

针对页岩气增产采出水易起泡,难以平稳蒸发脱盐的问题,利用"预处理+多效蒸发"处理方法,对井站两种不同性质的采出水进行中试,连续监测各工艺单元处理后水质及蒸发出水水质。结果表明:通过破乳混凝、催化氧化、电荷中和及除硬等步骤,能够完全消除泡排水起泡性;中试稳定运行7d,两种泡排水蒸发出水水质稳定,COD浓度<55mg/L,NH4^+-N浓度<18mg/L,满足GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准;Cl^-浓度<21mg/L,满足DB 51/190-1993《四川省水污染物排放标准》要求。     

阿海水电站新源沟砂石加工废水处理工艺浅谈

新源沟砂石加工系统生产废水SS浓度高,采用水力旋流/加药絮凝/多级沉淀工艺处理,运行结果表明,处理出水水质满足《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）一级标准中的给定限值70mg/L,达标出水全部回用。     

生化处理技术在油田污水处理工程中的应用

介绍了新疆油田公司某作业区污水生化处理技术流程、原理、工艺特点、出水水质,分析了系统的运行效果和运行维护状况,进行了效益评价。经该工艺处理后,出水石油类0.434mg/L、COD 184mg/L、BOD85.4mg/L、挥发酚0.023mg/L,水质达到GB 5084—2005《农田灌溉水质标准》中灌溉荒漠植物标准,用于生态田植被灌溉,为油田处理含油废水提供了途径。     

多模式AAO工艺在小型城镇污水处理厂的应用

某小型城镇污水处理厂一期工程设计规模为1.0×104m3/d,设计出水水质执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级A标准.设计采用多模式AAO+混合絮凝+活性砂过滤工艺,尾水采用紫外线消毒.运行结果显示系统处理效果稳定,在低碳氮比进水条件下脱氮除磷效果良好.工程总投资为4900万元,直接...     

炼油污水的处理

采用接触氧化—曝气生物滤池—加氯氧化—砂滤—活性炭吸附的工艺对某炼油厂污水进行处理,运行结果显示:出水中石油类和SS均小于5mg/L,达到了设计回用指标;而对COD和氨氮的降解则存在不稳定现象,针对此问题作了进一步的工艺整改后此工艺最终出水可以达到该厂制定的回用水质标准。     

双滤料曝气生物滤池污水深度处理的研究

采用陶粒、沸石为滤料的曝气生物滤池对生物处理系统二级出水进行深度处理回用,研究了水力停留时间、气水体积比对污染物COD和NH3-N处理效果的影响。结果表明：水力停留时间为8 h,气水体积比为3∶1的工况下,处理效果较好。稳定运行后,出水COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TP和色度平均值分别为15.6 mg/L、3.2 mg/L、8.5 mg/L、1.24 mg/L、0.40mg/L和8度,达到《城市污水再生利用—城市杂用水水质》（GB/T 18920-2002）标准,出水可用于道路清扫、绿化等。     

Phosphorus leaching from cow manure patches on soil columns

The loss of P in overland flow or leachate from manure patches can impair surface water quality. We studied leaching of P from 10-cm-high lysimeters filled with intact grassland soil or with acid-washed sand. A manure patch was created on two grassland and two sand-filled lysimeters, and an additional two grass lysimeters served as blanks. Lysimeters were leached in the laboratory during 234 d with a diluted salt solution, and column effluent was passed through a 0.45-microm filter, analyzed for pH, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total dissolved P (TDP). At the end of the experiment lysimeter soil was sampled and analyzed for pH, available P, and oxalate-extractable P, Fe, and Al. The concentration of TDP in the effluent from the sand column increased to 25 mg L-1 during the first weeks and remained above 10 mg L-1 during the rest of the percolation. In effluent from grass + patch lysimeters TDP gradually increased to 4 mg L-1. Both in the manure and in the effluent of the sand lysimeter P was found mainly in the form of DRP, but in the effluent from the grass lysimeters was found mainly as dissolved unreactive P (DUP=TDP-DRP). Earthworm activity was responsible for decomposition of the manure patch on the grass lysimeters. Manure patches and their remains were found to be a long-term source of high concentrations of P in leachates. Spreading of patches after a grazing period could reduce their possible negative impacts on the environment.     

USING WATER HYACINTH TO TREAT MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER IN THE DESERT SOUTHWEST1

ABSTRACT: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes L.) has shown to be effective in the treatment of municipal wastewater in a pilot study begun in January 1989 by the Pima County Wastewater Management Department and researchers associated with The University of Arizona's Office of Arid Lands Studies in the Sonoran Desert near Tucson. The influent pumped into the pilot facility's six raceways (ponds) typically has been treated secondary effluent diverted from a conventional treatment facility, although primary effluent from the same facility also has been treated. The Secondary Influent Treatment System has met the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) tertiary standard for BOD₅ and TSS of 10 mg/l for every month of its operation since March 1990; the Primary Influent Treatment System met the ADEQ secondary standard for BOD₅ and TSS of 30 mg/1 for most of the 10 months it was in operation.     

臭氧－生物活性炭工艺处理化工污水中试研究

针对兰州石化公司污水处理厂二级生化处理出水可生化性较低,色度比较高的问题,通过采用臭氧-生物活性炭工艺(O3-BAC)对污水处理厂二沉池出水进行深度处理,分析了该工艺对CODCr、氨氮、色度的处理效果。结果表明:处理后出水CODCr为26.7mg/L,氨氮为0.18mg/L,色度约5倍,效果良好。     

含硝基苯、苯胺废水处理的工程实践

采用固定化微生物-曝气生物滤池与铁-炭微电解法联用的工艺方法处理含硝基苯、苯胺的废水。通过培养驯化微生物阶段、半负荷进水阶段、满负荷进水阶段的调试运行,表明:当进水CODCr<1 000mg/L、硝基苯<120mg/L、苯胺<30mg/L时,出水可达到CODCr<300mg/L、硝基苯<5mg/L、苯胺<5mg/L的设计要求。铁-炭微电解法在pH值为3～4时,对废水有一定的脱色作用,但pH值升高后脱色效果不明显。     

Three Egyptian industrial wastewater management programmes

A pre-treatment programme for wastewater from factories, representing three main industrial sectors in Egypt, has been developed. The first case study was a factory producing potato-chips. Wastewater discharged from this factory was characterized by high values of BOD, SS and oil and grease (6000 mgO₂ l^–1, 6577 mg l^–1 and 119 mg l^–1 respectively). Chemical treatment using lime and lime aided by polyelectrolyte achieved good results. Residual values of BOD and SS after treatment were 97 mg l^–1 and 49 mg l^–1, respectively. Oil and grease concentrations were reduced by 91 percent. Treatment via activated sludge at a detention time of 4 hrs produced good quality effluent. The second case study was an automobile company, representing the metal finishing industry. Analyses of wastewater samples from the degreasing, phosphating and painting departments, as well as the end-of-pipe effluent were conducted. The end-of-pipe effluent contained high concentrations of oil and grease (366 mg l^–1), phosphorous (111 mg l^–1) and zinc (81 mg l^–1). Chemical treatment of end-of-pipe wastewater using ferric chloride aided by lime, produced high quality effluent. The third sector was the chemical industry. For this purpose a paint factory was selected. Characteristics of raw wastewater varied widely according to the production rate. Average values of COD and BOD were 1950 mg l^–1 and 683 mg l^–1. Oil and grease ranged from 63 to 1624 mg l^–1. Chemical treatment using ferric chloride in combination with lime at the optimum operating conditions achieved good results. Residual values after treatment of COD, BOD and oil and grease reached 120, 36 and 8.6 mg l^–1, respectively. An engineering design for each case study has been prepared.     

Water quality requirements for sustaining aquifer storage and recovery operations in a low permeability fractured rock aquifer

A changing climate and increasing urbanisation has driven interest in the use of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) schemes as an environmental management tool to supplement conventional water resources. This study focuses on ASR with stormwater in a low permeability fractured rock aquifer and the selection of water treatment methods to prevent well clogging. In this study two different injection and recovery phases were trialed. In the first phase ~1380 m(3) of potable water was injected and recovered over four cycles. In the second phase ~3300 m(3) of treated stormwater was injected and ~2410 m(3) were subsequently recovered over three cycles. Due to the success of the potable water injection cycles, its water quality was used to set pre-treatment targets for harvested urban stormwater of ≤ 0.6 NTU turbidity, ≤ 1.7 mg/L dissolved organic carbon and ≤ 0.2 mg/L biodegradable dissolved organic carbon. A range of potential ASR pre-treatment options were subsequently evaluated resulting in the adoption of an ultrafiltration/granular activated carbon system to remove suspended solids and nutrients which cause physical and biological clogging. ASR cycle testing with potable water and treated stormwater demonstrated that urban stormwater containing variable turbidity (mean 5.5 NTU) and organic carbon (mean 8.3 mg/L) concentrations before treatment could be injected into a low transmissivity fractured rock aquifer and recovered for irrigation supplies. A small decline in permeability of the formation in the vicinity of the injection well was apparent even with high quality water that met turbidity and DOC but could not consistently achieve the BDOC criteria.