温度冲击试验标准的介绍和分析

本文从试验目的和应用对象对试验设备要求和试验条件等方面对GJB 150、GB 2423、810F三个系列标准的温度冲击试验进行了介绍和分析,指出了其共同点和不同点,重点说明温度冲击与温度变化试验概念上的区别,简单介绍了810F中的基于高温循环的温度冲击试验程序的应用和该程序中高温循环部分的实施方法.     

空气制冷在温度-高度试验设备中的应用

结合温度-高度试验设备指标要求，文章对蒸汽压缩式制冷和空气制冷进行了分析比较，选择空气制冷作为设备的制冷方式；并对设备组成结构、气流循环方式、空气制冷流程和设备参数确定等进行分析说明。     

温度环境试验及其标准综述(四)温度试验技术

<正>1温度试验设备和辅助仪器1.1对温度试验箱的要求温度试验设备包括高温箱、低温箱、高低温箱、温度冲击箱和快速温度变化箱。虽然都是用来产生温度条件,不同的温度试验项目对温度试验设备的要求有所不同。对试验箱的结构和参数要求也略有区别(见表1)但不管什么试验箱,它们都应能产生并保持试验方法标准中所规定的试验条件,并在规定的容差范围,以确保试验结果的重现性。1.2对辅助设备和仪器的要求     

常规兵器三综合环境试验技术研究

对温度-湿度-振动综合试验过程中的环境应力故障分析、试验标准剪裁、试验量值确定、试验设备及试验过程、试验结果评定等问题进行分析论述，分析结果对温度-湿度-振动综合试验设备选型和温度-湿度-振动综合试验具有参考价值。     

TSR—63（W）温度冲击试验箱简介

温度冲击试验箱是环境试验设备的主要构成之一。本文通过对日产TSR—63(W)型温度冲击箱的规范、功能、技术构成与分析,介绍其特点,展示其技术内容。     

温度冲击试验应用概述

温度冲击试验是考核装备在经受周围大气环境的极速变化时,装备外观、装备电性能等是否会遭受影响,或者失效的过程.使用的试验设备包括可以在其中建立并保持试验条件的两个箱(室),或者一个独立的双室试验箱,因此不同的试验设备及不同的试验方法就会造成不同的试验过程及试验结论.     

温度试验设备期间核查方法的研究

本文通过对温度试验设备在期间的核查方法进行讨论,对环境试验室的温度试验设备管理有指导作用。     

高低温低气压试验设备的温度漂移问题探析

本文主要介绍了环境试验设备的制冷原理及温度漂移问题，以Y6030Ⅱ—2型高低温低气压设备为例，深入分析了其温度漂移的解决方法。     

苏州会议学术交流会论文一览表

序号l 910111213141718高湿试验中相对温度的控制关于环境试验设备可靠性评定问题的初步探讨国内外一些环境试验设备标准中温度性能试验方法综述及讨论湿热带多雷地区避雷器的研究环境条件与环境试验关系的探讨国内外温度试验及其标准分析环境试验设计的方向一编织全央套通风式     

一种新颖的冲击试验设备

主要阐述这种新颖的冲击试验设备的主要技术指标、设计构思及实现的思路，并对该设备的可行性进行分析。旨在推广应用和设计同类设备时借鉴。     

Investigation of activated carbon/ethanol for low temperature adsorption cooling

Commercially available adsorption cooling systems use water/silica gel, water/zeolite and ammonia/ chloride salts working pairs. The water-based pairs are limited to work above 0°C due to the water high freezing temperature, while ammonia has the disadvantage of being toxic. Ethanol is a promising refrigerant due to its low freezing point (161 K), nontoxicity, zero ozone depletion, and low global warming potential. Activated carbon (AC) is a porous material with high degree of porosity (500–3000 m²/g) that has been used in wide range of applications. Using Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS) test facility, this work characterizes the ethanol adsorption of eleven commercially available activated carbon materials for cooling at low temperature of ?15°C. DVS adsorption results show that Maxsorb has the best performance in terms of ethanol uptake and adsorption kinetics compared to the other tested materials. The Maxsorb/ethanol adsorption process has been numerically modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and simulation results are validated using the DVS experimental measurements. The validated CFD simulation of the adsorption process is used to predict the effects of adsorbent layer thickness and packing density on cycle uptake for evaporating temperature of ?15°C. Simulation results show that as the thickness of the Maxsorb adsorbent layer increases, its uptake decreases. As for the packing density, the amount of ethanol adsorbed per plate increases with the packing density reaching maximum at 750 kg/m³. This work shows the potential of using Maxsorb/ethanol in producing low temperature cooling down to ?15°C with specific cooling energy reaching 400 kJ/kg.     

Performance of a small-scale solar-powered adsorption cooling system

In this study, an experimental investigation on the performance of a small-scale residential-size solar-driven adsorption (silica gel-water) cooling system that was constructed at Assiut University campus, Egypt is carried out. As Assiut area is considered as hot, arid climate, field tests for performance assessment of the system operation during the summer season are performed under different environmental operating conditions. The system consists of an evacuated tube with a reflective concentration parabolic surface solar-collector field with a total area of 36 m², a silica gel-water adsorption chiller of 8 kW nominal cooling capacity, and hot and cold water thermal storage tanks of 1.8 and 1.2 m³ in volume, respectively. The results of summer season field test show that under daily solar insolation varying from 21 to 27 MJ/m², the solar collectors employed in the system had high and almost constant thermal efficiency. The daily solar-collector efficiency during the period of system operation ranged from about 50% to 78%. The adsorption chiller performance shows that the chiller average daily coefficient of performance (COP) was 0.41 with the average cooling capacity of 4.4 kW when the cooling-water and chilled-water temperatures were about 31°C and 19°C, respectively. As the chiller cooling water is cooled by the cooling tower in the hot arid area, the cooling water is at a higher temperature than the design point of the chiller. Therefore, an experiment was carried out using the city water for cooling. The results show that an enhancement in the chiller COP by 40% and the chilling power by 17% has been achieved when the city water was 27.7°C.     

Integrated energy management strategy of powertrain and cooling system for PHEV

ABSTRACT

Energy management strategy (EMS) is crucial in improving the fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Existing studies on EMS mostly manage powertrain and cooling system separately which cannot get the minimum total energy consumption. This paper aims to propose a novel EMS for a new type of dual-motor planetary-coupled PHEV, which considers cooling power demand and effect of temperature on fuel economy. Temperature-modified engine model, lithium-ion battery model, two motors, and cooling system models are established. Firstly, the separated EMS (S-EMS) is designed which manages powertrain and cooling system separately. Sequentially, after the analysis of thermal characteristics of the powertrain and cooling system, the thermal-based EMS (T-EMS) is then proposed to manage two systems coordinately. In T-EMS, cooling power demand and the charging/discharging energy of motors are calculated as equivalent fuel consumption and integrated into the object function. Besides, a fuzzy controller is also established to deicide the fuel-electricity equivalent factor with consideration of the effect of temperature and state of charge on powertrain efficiency. Finally, the hardware-in-loop experiment is carried out to validate the real-time effect of EMS under the New European Driving Cycle. The result shows that cooling power demand and temperature can significantly affect the fuel economy of the vehicle. T-EMS shows better performance in fuel economy than S-EMS. The equivalent fuel consumption of the cooling system of T-EMS decreases by 27% compared with that of S-EMS. The total equivalent fuel consumption over the entire trip of PHEV using T-EMS is reduced by 9.7%.     

Changes in electrical generator cooling systems: Are they cost-effective sources of water now and under climate change?

In the United States, thermal power plant electrical generators (EGs) are large water diverters and consumptive users who need water for cooling. Retrofitting existing cooling systems to dry cooling and building new facilities with dry cooling can save water and reduce EG's vulnerability to drought. However, this can be an expensive source of water. We estimate that the cost of water saved by retrofitting cooling in existing EGs ranges from $0.04/m³ to $18/m³ depending on facility characteristics. Also water savings from building new EGs with dry cooling ranges in cost per unit water from $1.29/m³ to $2.24/m³. We compare costs with that for water development projects identified in the Texas State Water Plan. We find the water cost from converting to dry cooling is lower than many of the water development possibilities. We then estimate the impact of climate change on the cost of water saved, finding climate change can increase EG water use by up to 9.3% and lower the costs of water saved. Generally, it appears that water planners might consider cooling alterations as a cost competitive water development alternative whose cost would be further decreased by climate change.     

二氧化氯杀菌处理石化循环冷却水

以硫酸盐还原菌，铁细菌以及异养菌数为指标，研究二氧化氯对石化厂循环冷却水的杀菌效果。考察了二氧化氯投加量，杀菌时间，温度及pH以及余氯量随时间的变化。结果表明，在CLO2投加量为3mg／L、灭菌时间为90min时，出水细菌数即可达到化工行业循环冷却水处理标准，并且余氯可在0．5-1．0mg／L范围内维持2h。温度和pH的改变对杀菌效果影响不大。     

基于PLC的冷却系统自整定模糊控制研究

在机载产品地面试验过程中需要为其提供相应的冷却环境,可在受试产品发生改变时,制冷设备在传统控制算法下往往无法维持较为理想的控制结果,需要重新人工整定控制参数。为解决此问题,研究了基于PLC的冷却系统自整定模糊控制方法,该方法可在PLC内编写系统参数累加辨识程序,从而计算得到系统的模型参数以及初始控制参数,再通过模糊控制器对该参数进行实时整定。试验表明该控制方法可以对系统参数进行自动辨识,辨识结果能够反映模拟负载的功率变化趋势,控制结果无明显超调及稳态误差。将该方法应用于液冷机组,可以在被冷却对象发生较大变化时重新辨识控制器参数,免去人工进行参数调试的工序,加强了设备的通用性,获得良好的控制结果。     

An Experimental Study of Heat Pipe Performance Using Nanofluids

Heat pipe cooling is widely used in computer processors. Advances in microprocessor technology have resulted in reduced heat transfer surface area. Maintaining an efficient cooling process is therefore challenging. The main goal of this experimental study is to perform a parametric study on heat pipe performance using nanofluids. Nanofluids of 1 and 3 vol% of alumina nanoparticles of 20–50 nm diameters in deionized water versus deionized water as a base fluid were considered in the present study. The nanofluids are prepared in our laboratory using two-step method. The nanofluids thermal properties are measured to confirm the properties enhancement that could indicate a corresponding performance enhancement of the heat pipe. A 10 mm inner diameter, 200 mm long brass tube with 50 mm long evaporator, and 50 mm long water cooled condenser were used. Heat pipe wall temperature is reduced with nanofluids as is the temperature difference between the evaporator and condenser. The thermal diffusivity of the nanofluids is increased by 10%. The pipe pressure in case of deionized water was higher than the corresponding one for the nanofluids by 20–32%.     

Evaporative Cooling of Water in a Small Vessel Under Varying Ambient Humidity

Evaporative cooling of water in a small porous clay vessel was studied under controlled humidity conditions. In steady-state experiments performed at an ambient temperature of 23 °C, the cooling effect increased from 4.7 to 8.3 °C as the ambient relative humidity decreased from 60 to 15%. External heat and mass transfer coefficients, estimated from the steady-state measurements, were used in mathematical models to predict the experimentally observed transient temperature variation of the water under ramp changes of the ambient relative humidity. With a prototypical cool chamber containing water tested in Kolkata, India under an ambient temperature of 34.5–35 °C, the cooling effect reached a maximum of 7 °C between 3 and 3:30 PM and then declined to 4.5 °C around 6 PM.     

Experimental investigation on the phase change material-based modular heat exchanger for thermal management of a building

A phase change material (PCM)-based flat plate modular heat exchanger for free cooling application, suitable for the diurnal temperature variation that prevails during the summer months of Bangalore city, India is designed and experimentally investigated. The flow and other parameters selected in the present study are meant to suit the accelerated charging of the PCM in the modular heat exchanger during the early morning hours, and to provide cool energy to the room during the daytime, by circulating the ambient air through the heat exchanger at a lower velocity. It is observed from the charging experiments that the decrease in the inlet air temperature has more influence in reducing the solidification time than the increase in the inlet air velocity. The heat exchanger designed in the present investigation is capable of maintaining the room temperature around 30°C for a longer duration of 8 hr when the heat load is 0.5 kW. It is suggested to design the modular heat exchanger with a surface area proportionate to the present heat exchanger size when the room heat load increases beyond 0.5 kW, in order to maintain a minimum comfortable temperature of 30°C in the room.