行政管理部门建立和实施环境管理体系的探讨

本文论述了企业与行政管理部门建立和实施ISO14001环境管理体系的异同点，着重探讨了行政管理部门建立环境管理体系的过程、特点和意义，为我国的环境管理工作提供新的思路和方法。     

对我国环保行政管理体制改革问题的思考

我国环境保护行政管理体制改革，一直伴随着经济社会发展和环保事业发展在不断地深化。当前．我国在进行社会主义市场经济体制改革中，如何继续深化环境保护行政管理体制改革，仍是一项艰巨的往务。总结过去的经验，这项改革在宏观政策上应侧重以下几个方面；一、进一步加强环境保护这一政府的基本职能从环境问题产生和环境保护工作本身的特点来看，环境管理是政府行使行政管理职能的一项基本内容．而且随着社会经济发展，这项职能越来越突出。在市场经济条件下，更要加强政府的环境保护工作。因为，对解决环境恶化和资源破坏加剧的“市场失…     

环境行政赔偿制度研究

环境保护法中的行政赔偿,即环境行政赌偿,是环境行政法律责任的一个重要方面。实行这一制度,对于保护公民、法人及其他组织的合法权益,监督促使环境保护行政主管部门和其他依照法律规定行使环境监督管理权的部门(下统称环境监督管理部门)依法行政具有重要意义.一、环境行政赔偿的概念和作用     

环境行政公益诉讼——以美、印经验为借鉴

环境行政公益诉讼的建立在我国具有理论上的依据,但是具体的构建尚需要借鉴成熟经验.本文介绍了世界公益诉讼的典范--美国环境的公民诉讼和具有巨大创造性的印度环境行政公益诉讼,这两个国家在环境公益诉讼上的经验,给我国建构环境行政公益诉讼提供了借鉴.     

什么是环境行政复议

复议是解决行政争议的一种广泛运用的行政方法。环境行政复议是行政相对人，即公民、法人或者其他组织不服环保部门做出的具体行政行为，依据《行政复议法》和《环境行政复议办法》的规定，向行政复议机关提出申请，请求重新审查并纠正原具体行政行为，行政复议机关据此对行政机关的具体行政行为是否合法，适当进行审查并做出决定的法律制度。     

行政合同在环境管理领域的运用及其完善

行政合同是西方大陆法系行政法中的一个重要概念,是指行政主体为实现其管理目标,与行政相对人就有关事项达成的协议。行政主体在实施行政管理过程中,除凭借国家行政权,根据单方面的意思表示依法对行政相对人进行管理外,也经常运用行政合同进行管理,在双方意思表示一致的前提下依法创设、变更或终止某种权利、义务关系。在环境行政管理领域,行政合同作为一种重要手段,被世界许多国家加以运用,这方面的合同已发展成行政合同的重要一种——环境行政合同。关于环境行政合同的名称,各国情况不一,如日本称为公害防止协定,前南斯拉夫称…     

论环境民事纠纷行政处理机制的完善

行政处理机制在解决环境纠纷时具有高效性和专业化的优势，但我国现行行政处理方式单一，行政处理决定的效力不明确，不利于纠纷的及时解决。完善之途在于制定专门的法律，设立专门的处理机关，增加行政处理方式，明确行政处理决定的效力。     

论环境行政司法

论述了环境行政司法的特点、原则及种类，重点分析了环境行政裁决和环境行政调解。     

环境维权中的“民告官”

环境行政诉讼介绍 行政诉讼俗称为“民告官”，是公民或社会组织针对政府或其有关部门的违法行政行为而提起的诉讼。行政诉讼是一种重要的环境维权方式，公民可以通过提起环境行政诉讼来维护自己的环境权益。环境行政诉讼是指公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政机关或法律法规授权的组织作出的行政行为侵害了其环境权益，而向人民法院提起诉讼，要求人民法院对被诉行政行为的合法性进行审查并作出裁决的诉讼类型。     

环境行政补偿制度研究

我国宪法中已经明确规定了行政补偿,但是我国法律体系中仍然没有一部统一的行政补偿立法.目前,有关的行政补偿决定散见于各个单行法律、法规当中,更没有针对环境行政补偿的法律、法规,而在现实中环境问题已经越来越影响到公民权的实现.     

Business-oriented environmental performance metrics: Building consensus for environmental management systems

Today, environmental managers are learning new ways of adding value to their organizations. Before, the environmental department was an overhead expense—an indirect support group required for complying with burdensome regulations. Now, such departments add insights and value during strategic planning sessions, identify efficiency improvement opportunities, provide a superior return on investment, and—bottom line—improve profits. The primary approach to meeting the challenge is a new environmental management system (EMS) that identifies, measures, and manages a diverse set of internal and external customer needs. These needs include environmental cleanups, regulatory compliance, pollution prevention, and design for the environment—and each represents a potential improvement opportunity. Unfortunately, most organizations have so many such needs that all cannot be addressed at once, given the resource constraints of a competitive business climate. Thus, priority is a key concept of an effective EMS. This article describes an innovative application of consensus-building tools that quickly identify and set priorities for diverse environmental programs. The article also shows how appropriate performance measures will align these programs with corporate goals and objectives.     

An institutional theoretic investigation on the links between internationalization of Chinese manufacturers and their environmental supply chain management

Increased market internationalization with more and stricter environmental regulations in different countries has caused manufacturers to extend their environmental management practices to cover their supply chain partners. Thus, environmental supply chain management (ESCM) has become an important competitive and environmental strategy for manufacturers to pursue. China, as a global manufacturer, is also facing this balance of economic development with environmental protection. The literature remains unclear on whether internationalization is beneficial or costly when it comes to environmental management practices such as ESCM within China. Further insight into this issue will be useful for organizations in developing and emergent economies to more effectively prepare for internationalizing their operations and markets. Using internationalization drivers that propel the implementation of environmental management practices in the Chinese manufacturing industry, we applied cluster analysis to group a sample of 377 Chinese manufacturers surveyed in 2007 into three clusters: mature internationalization, emergent internationalization, and domestic-focused. Institutional theory within an internationalization context sets the theoretical foundation for evidence that the international environmentally oriented institutional drivers encountered are positively associated with the adoption of ESCM practices by Chinese manufacturers. We also find significant differences in the environmental, economic and operational performance outcomes across the three manufacturer clusters. We conclude that manufacturing organizations experiencing internationalization with a greater extent of adopting ESCM practices tend to perform better.     

我国生态环境损害赔偿资金制度的困境与出路

关于环境公益诉讼赔偿资金的归属，我国实践中有环保部门主管、纳入国库、纳入法院指定账户、纳入专项账户等不同归属模式，但在其管理与使用方面，我国尚且存在诸如地方生态环境损害赔偿资金管理办法名称不统一、资金使用系统不透明、社会公众査询难、地方行政机关干预过多、资金监管机制不健全等问题。本文拟建议设立"全国生态环境损害赔偿基金"，对环境公益诉讼产生的损害赔偿金以及各地方未统一管理的环境保护资金等相关资金进行统筹与规范，以期推进我国生态环境损害赔偿资金制度的完善。为此，需要明确生态环境损害赔偿基金的资金来源，规范生态环境损害赔偿基金的使用、监督机制，明确环保部门的监督职责，构建资金使用的信息公开制度，强化环保组织的监督权，在此基础上进一步对生态环境损害赔偿基金制定严格的管理办法，以规范并指导基金的有效运作。     

Questions and answers. TQEM performance indicators—how do you measure up?

I have seen a number of corporations accept the philosophy of TQEM and start the process of total quality environmental management with great enthusiasm. I believe that many organizations are attracted because TQM principles demand measurements of success and results that are definable for the environment. It reduces the emotionalism that frequently tends to surround environmental issues. Emotionalism has perhaps been the bane and boon of efforts by corporations and advocacy groups to incorporate environmental issues into the day-to-day functions of organizations. Abt Associates, a well-known research-based consulting firm, recently completed a study of U.S. Fortune 250 firms' environmental management programs. Abt found evidence that environmental performance is a competitive issue. Benchmarking is hotly pursued to develop firm-wide indices of performance. One third of the benchmarking is against competition, another third is against worldwide firms. There is a race to develop “Best in Class” standards now. E2M and Abt Associates have combined resources to study corporate Canada's environmental management programs and compare these with those of the United States. This research will help companies benchmark activities and will build a strong North American data base. Unfortunately it will not be ready in time to answer TQEM's question for this issue. (The study results will be released to participating companies in Fall 1992.)     

Corporations and the environment: A new perspective

Summary The author presents the results of a pilot study which explored the voluntary support given by seven Pittsburgh multinationals to environmental goals and objectives through their foundations and operations. While much of the information is national in scope, the findings have international significance. Fundamental common key factors and patterns were identified which already have and will continue to guide most corporate international environmental activities. As interest grows in developing cooperative undertakings with the corporate community, it is important for environmental organizations, government, and academia to understand these patterns. Based on the findings and on suggestions by corporate representatives, recommendations are given as to how support of the goal of creating sustainable societies by the corporate and environmental communities can be improved and increased. Dr Langord's interest in urban and environmental policies range from issues dealing with coastal zone and floodplain management to urban waterfront re-vitalization and environmental aesthetics. Most recently she is studying the role of industry in helping to meet critical resource and environmental needs. She is exploring new patterns of cooperation with government, industry and environmental organizations. Currently Director of the International Environment Program, Center for International Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Dr Langord has held a number of academic positions, served as a resource policy analyst for the US Department of Interior, and has acted as a consultant to government and industry.     

Environmental management problems in India

Environmental problems are becoming serious in India because of the interacting effects of increasing population density, industrialization and urbanization, and poor environmental management practices. Unless stringent regulatory measures are taken, environmental systems will be irreversibly degraded. Lack of political commitment, lack of a comprehensive environmental policy, poor environmental awareness, functional fragmentation of the public administration system, poor mass media concern, and prevalence of poverty are some of the major factors responsible for increasing the severity of the problems. Environmental problems in India are highly complex, and management procedures have to be developed to achieve coordination between various functional departments, and for this, political leaders have to be convinced of the need to initiate environmental protection measures.     

企业环境管理制度优化及其信息系统框架设计研究

污染源大数据是环保大数据的重要组成部分,然而在以环境管理制度为基础的污染源数据管理过程中,一直存在制度衔接不流畅、数据不共享等诸多问题。本文调研考察了现有各项环境管理制度的衔接情况,提出以排污许可制度为核心,通过与其他环境管理制度有效衔接,实现环境管理的各个环节的有效覆盖。通过SWOT分析法对基于"一证式"改革的环境管理制度优化方案的可行性和必要性进行了深入分析,并以排污许可证为核心,设计企业环境管理信息系统框架。试生产与竣工环保验收实效不足,可转为企业自行备案;将环评审批结论纳入排污许可证,可大幅度减轻企业相关环境管理业务人员的负担。环境管理制度的优化必须建立在部门职能转变与整合之上;同时,还必须获得国家层面的立法与行政的支持;社会舆论的关注与支持也将推动环境管理制度优化的进程。以排污许可证管理为核心的信息系统框架可以有效实现污染源排放信息整合共享。     

人工湿地处理系统的运行管理与维护

人工湿地作为一种新型的处理技术，在水环境保护中具有重要的意义和广阔的应用前最。随着人工湿地处理工程数量的增多，迫切地需要建立科学的管理制度和维护方法，以充分发挥其美化水环境和提升人文环境的双重作用。本文对人工湿地处理系统中水位控制、进出水装置维护、护堤维护、植物管理、气味控制、蚊蝇控制和野生动物管理等方面进行了分析探讨，系统论述了人工湿地处理系统在运行管理和维护中需要考虑的主要事项。对将来建立完善的人工湿地处理系统的管理体系具有一定的借鉴意义。     

构建开放监督型工业源挥发性有机物排污申报平台的建议

工业源挥发性有机物(VOCs)以无组织排放为主,其排放量的确定和申报对现行的以有组织排放管理为主的环境管理模式提出挑战。为顺利实施VOCs排污收费、总量控制、环境影响评价、污染防治管理,切实降低环保部门收集信息、监督管理的成本,促进环境信息的真实性和有效性,我国迫切需要在国家层面结合环境信息公开和公众参与对VOCs排污申报管理模式进行研究和构建。在研究国内外排污申报平台的基础上,提出以VOCs管控为契机,整合环境统计、排污费征收等要求,建立面向企业的唯一开放监督型VOCs排污申报平台,采取数据联审制度,推行信息公开和开放型监督。通过申报功能、试算功能、监督审核功能、决策支持功能、减排技术评价功能、信息公开功能、资料和文件功能、培训和试报功能等平台八大功能的有机融合,建立公众、企业和政府相互监督、制约的三级VOCs排放监督管理新机制,为我国环境管理模式的更新升级提供参考。     

MEB's university-community partnerships foster new environmental leaders for business

As our society's environmental concerns have grown over the past 20 years, U.S. firms have struggled to find effective and inexpensive ways to meet their mushrooming environmental obligations. Many firms, recognizing the competitive advantages to be won through adroit environmental management, have begun to seek managers trained to deal with these issues. The corporate response has been hobbled by business schools'general failure to train managers to deal with crossfunctional issues, and by a specific failure to address environmental management in their curricula. In this article, the Management Institute for Environment and Business, a program of the World Resources Institute (WRI), describes its innovative University-Community Partnerships (UCP) project to address these shortcomings. Bringing new approaches and new thinking to management curricula, MEB and several like-minded organizations are breathing new life into the old MBA programs.