工业建筑废物中含锌铅烟尘的风力分选及其碱介质浸出与脱氯技术研究

含铅锌废物与建筑废物混合产生了重金属富集量较高的工业建筑废物烟尘。利用风力分选出此类废物中富集锌的颗粒,使样品含锌量提高10%~20%(w.t.%),但分离物中仍含有5%~15%(w.t.%)硅。使用Na OH对风选产物进行强碱浸出,发现锌的最大溶出率低于原始烟尘类物料,降低到45%~65%。建立组合式脱氯流程,高含氯烟尘样品用500W微波辐射加热3min,再组合水洗脱氯工艺,除氯率可达85%。最佳水洗条件为:液固比10∶1,温度50℃,浸出时间40 min,超声功率150W。拟建立含锌铅烟尘风选预处理-碱法回收-脱氯处理的技术工艺,为此类废弃物资源化利用提供新途径。     

活性污泥吸附重金属Cr6+的研究

以活性污泥为材料,采用不同时间、温度、pH进行吸附重金属Cr^6 的研究。实验结果表明,当吸附时间为15min,吸附温度为28℃,吸附pH=7时具有较好吸附效果。在此条件下,当重金属Cr^6 浓度为50mg/L,其吸附率可达97．2％。     

活性污泥吸附重金属Cr6+的研究

以活性污泥为材料，采用不同时间、温度、pH进行吸附重金属Cr^6 的研究。实验结果表明，当吸附时间为15min，吸附温度为28℃，吸附pH=7时具有较好吸附效果。在此条件下，当重金属Cr^6 浓度为50mg/L，其吸附率可达97．2％。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的固化/稳定化处理实验研究

研究了城市生活垃圾焚烧-电灰的特性及飞灰中重金属的特性,对利用水泥作粘结剂进行飞灰固化/稳定化处理效果开展了系统的实验研究,分析了水泥固化/稳定化飞灰的工艺特点和最佳工艺参数,并讨论了粘结剂固化飞灰机理以及重金属浸出毒性,为进一步研究城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的无害化处理与利用提供了有重要价值的参考依据.     

江津润湿时间的温度分布研究

采用直接读取、4点统计、24点统计三种方法研究了江津试验站1998年的润湿时间的温度分布,研究表明,可以利用全年每天2、8、14、20点的4个数据统计年润湿时间的温度分布;江津地区润湿时间的温度分布特征主要为：(1)99％的年润湿时间是在5℃至30℃温度范围,每月润湿时间的温度波动一般为15℃;(2)在(0～5)℃、(5～10)℃、(10～15)℃、(15～20)℃、(20～25)℃、(25～30)℃、(30～35)℃区间内,4点统计法各区间润湿时间的百分比分别为0.34％、13．4％、24．5％、18．3％、26．0％、17．4％、0．0％。     

湿法预处理对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的形态及风险影响研究

以某典型城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰为研究对象,采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和电感耦合等离子体光谱仪（ICP）测定了焚烧飞灰的主要成分、矿物学组成和重金属含量,探讨了湿法预处理工艺对飞灰的化学组成、矿物学形态、化学形态及风险水平的影响.结果表明,飞灰的主要化学组成为O、Ca、Cl、Na、K等,占飞灰总质量的93.54％,其次含有0.04％ ～0.68％的Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr等微量重金属元素;经过湿法预处理,飞灰中可溶性氯盐具有较好的去除效果,且几乎所有重金属元素的不稳定形态（弱酸提取态和可还原态）比例都有一定程度的减少,有效降低了重金属的毒性、生物有效性及环境风险水平.本研究有助于降低焚烧飞灰的环境风险和探寻其资源化的有效途径.     

热化学浮选法处理含油污泥的试验研究

将热化学与浮选法结合,应用于油泥的处理.在处理工艺试验中重点考察了温度、搅拌时间、搅拌速度、充气量等因素对油泥清洗效果的影响.试验结果表明：在温度60℃、搅拌时间30 min、搅拌强度2 250 r/min、充气量0.2 L/min时,采用热化学浮选法对油泥的处理效果达到最佳,油泥中的残油量仅为2.8％.     

热改性农作物废料对海洋溢油吸附研究

以秸秆和玉米叶为吸油材料,分别经50,100,150,200℃热处理后,进行模拟溢油吸附实验,确定不同温度下热改性材料的吸油能力。实验结果表明:热改性后的农作物材料对原油的饱和吸附时间较短,当温度低于100℃时,热改性后材料对原油的饱和吸附时间为5 min,随着温度的增加,饱和吸附时间减小,在温度达到150℃和200℃时,材料对原油的饱和吸附时间缩短到4 min和3 min。秸秆对原油的平衡吸附量随着温度的升高而增加,但当热处理温度达到200℃时,其对原油的平衡吸附量反而下降。不同温度热改性后的玉米叶对原油的平衡吸附量基本一致。     

铁屑还原法处理镀铬废水的试验研究

通过对铁屑还原处理镀铝废水作了试验研究，确定了反应的工艺条件，效果良好，Cr（VI）去除率达90％以上。其最佳工艺条件为：填充往尺寸为Φ30×300mm，铁屑粒径为1．0～2．0mm，铁屑活化时间为20min，进水最佳pH值为2～2．5，出水pH值为8～9，反应温度为20℃．接触时间15～20min，出水水质达到国家排放标准。     

多级水洗垃圾焚烧飞灰对水泥性能的影响

焚烧飞灰由于含有大量氯化物等可溶性有毒物质限制了其应用范围。水洗作为最有效的预处理方式之一,可有效降低飞灰中氯、钠、钾等成分含量,提高水泥原料中飞灰投加量。本文从水洗生产线上收集三种等级的水洗飞灰,从多个方面分析其作为混合材的可行性。研究结果表明：三级水洗更能有效去除氯离子。三种水洗飞灰作为混合材后在掺量较低时能够促进水泥粉磨,在相同水洗细度下可节省粉磨时间,降低能耗。在掺量小于10%时不会缩短水泥凝结时间,同时能够提升水泥在不同龄期下的抗压强度。20%掺量下重金属的浸出满足《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》（GB 5085.3—2007）的要求。焚烧飞灰作为混合材后会降低水泥水化放热与Friedel盐生成量。考虑水洗后焚烧飞灰中各离子的限制,其最大掺量不应超过1.58%。综上,水洗焚烧飞灰有作为水泥混合材的潜力,去除有害离子后能够增大其在水泥工业中的应用范围。     

Investigation of the toxicity of the products of decoloration of Amaranth by Trametes versicolor

Trametes versicolor decolorized 2000 mg L(-1) of the mono-azo substituted naphthalenic dye Amaranth with no dye sorption observed visually. The changes in the toxicity were assessed over a period of 30 d for the dye-treated viable culture, control (no dye added), and a boiled culture treated with dye, using the Microtox Acute Toxicity assay. Before dye addition, the culture filtrate had some toxicity, which increased after the dye addition. The toxicity of the dye-treated culture decreased during the treatment. The loss of toxicity occurred at the same time, with the loss of color suggesting that detoxification is associated with decoloration. The change in pH was due to natural metabolic processes and had a small effect on detoxification. Because the toxicity of the treatment was similar to that of the control at the end of the treatment, the effluent seems to be safe for release into the environment, potentially rendering this treatment suitable for industrial application.     

山东省环境经济系统地域分异研究

环境保护与经济发展相协调,是人类社会持续发展的必由之路.环境经济系统是由环境子系统和经济子系统耦合而成的复合大系统.在用系统论对环境经济系统进行结构分析的基础上,采用主成分分析法和加法合成原理,对山东省17地市环境经济系统进行综合分析和类型划分,并从地域差异角度提出了分区特点及今后的发展建议,以期为山东省环境经济系统高水平协调发展提供决策依据.     

城镇化建设中乡村环境保护关键点分析

城镇化是推动我国经济社会发展的重要动力,在高速发展的同时,带来大量污染排放,威胁乡村环境质量与可持续发展。在对乡村生态环境问题剖析的基础上,从战略、实施、方式等层面探索解决思路,围绕科学规划、发展方式、基础建设、管理机制、宣传教育等方面分析关键点,加强乡村环境保护,保障城镇化建设健康发展,为促进农村农业持续发展提供持久动力。     

随机规划在泵站树状给水管网优化中的应用

泵站树状给水管网流量具有随机性,而这种随机性变化会直接影响管网的建设费用和动力费用.针对这-特点,应用随机规划原理,建立泵站树状给水管网机会约束模型,编写基于随机模拟的遗传算法程序求解该模型.机会约束模型能较客观地反映该管网的实际工况,使优化设计结果更符合实际.     

复合固定化法固定化微生物技术在污水生物处理中的研究应用

复合固定化法固定化微生物技术由于具有许多传统固定化微生物技术所没有的特点和优势,得到了越来越多的研究和应用.本文就复合固定化法固定化微生物技术的内涵进行了综述,对复合固定化法在污水生物处理中的实际应用做了研究比较,对新型复合载体的开发和复合固定化微生物技术今后的发展提出了建议.     

燃煤二氧化硫控制技术应用概况

由燃煤引起的二氧化硫污染已成为大气环境中最主要的污染因子。为解决这个问题，我国结合国外的技术成果，进行了各种脱硫技术的研究。介绍了各种治理技术应用情况，并结合实际经验对其中应注意的问题给予评述。     

Numerical and experimental investigation of state of health of Li-ion battery

ABSTRACT

Estimation of State of Health (SoH) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is essential to predict the lifespan of batteries of an electric vehicle (EV). The efficient prediction of battery health indicates to the effective and safe operation of EV. However, delivering an effective and accurate method for the estimation of SoH in the real condition is truly a challenging task. The present study proposed a holistic procedure of combining both experimental and numerical investigations to conduct the fundamental study on coupled mechanical-electrochemical behavior of Li-ion battery. The proposed investigation highlighted the effect of stress on the capacity of the battery, considering capacity fade as an equivalent parameter to its health for real-time estimation of SoH. Finally, a simple model of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is provided, which shows the linear dependency of stress with the SoH. The results obtained from the ANN model are validated with a Linear Regression (LR) model for a better understanding of the inspection. The predicted value of mean Square Error (MSE) and R square error in the ANN training model are found to be 0.000309 and 0.849687, respectively. Whereas for the test model, these predicted values are found to be 0.000438 and 0.819347, respectively.     

MAPGIS在龙口市土地利用现状数据库建设中的应用

以中国地质大学开发的MMPGIS通用型地理信息系统软件为基础,以山东龙口市2004土地利用现状为例,介绍了龙口市土地利用信息系统建设的方法与步骤,包括影像数据的纠正,矢量数据、属性数据的采集,以及数据入库方法,最后提出了在建库过程中遇到的一些问题.     

Patterns of television viewing and of perceptions of hazards to life

A previous study using respondents in a London regional audience appreciation diary panel showed that links existed between overall amounts of the viewing of television recorded across one week and levels of perception of risk of three hazards to life, namely lightning, flooding and terrorist bomb attacks. With a fourth hazard, cancer, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between perceived risk level and amount of viewing. At the same time there were no relationships between amounts of viewing of news and documentary material and perceived risks of any of 12 hazards. Two new surveys were done, nearly three years after the previous one, asking people in widely different regions about their perceptions of nine various hazards, and linking these results with measures of attitudes towards certain adaptations of new technology (which could prove hazardous or beneficial according to points of view) and to patterns of television viewing. The two surveys agreed on a wide number of points with each other; they agreed with the previous study in finding no steady relationships between information programme viewing and hazard perception. Lightning and flooding were again related, this time more specifically with viewing of particular types of television programming. A new finding is that heavier viewing of television sport is associated with less perceived risk of cancer and of nuclear pollution. Interpretations are generally favoured along the lines of a selective process of viewers with certain predispositions choosing certain kinds of viewing patterns, rather than that programme contents provide an example for formulating perceptions and attitudes.