共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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人工湿地中不同的污染物的去除机理不同,其去污的影响因素也不同.在国内,人工湿地对氮磷去除的研究较多,对新型有机污染物的研究很少,在很多机理上还属空白.总结了近年来国内外湿地对有机污染物去除的研究进展情况以及不同湿地类型对去除率的影响.系统的分析了有关湿地植物,基质,微生物对于有机污染物的去除作用机理,提出了存在问题并对今后湿地去除有机污染物的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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植物病原真菌是一类可开发利用的潜在资源.病原真菌对植物分泌的有害物质毒素、生长调节剂和胞外多糖均可被人类开发利用.从3个致病相关因子的角度考虑,选取具有代表性的病原菌炭疽菌(Colletotrichum sp.)、水稻恶苗病菌(Gibberella sp.)和黑粉菌(Ustilago sp.),对其可利用价值研究进行了概述. 相似文献
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综述了石菖蒲在人工湿地水质净化中发挥的重要作用,植物通过吸附吸收、促进微生物的硝化反硝化作用等来实现氮、磷和有机污染物等的去除.分析了植物特性、植物搭配、环境因子以及水力负荷等对石菖蒲净化水质效率的影响.归纳了石菖蒲的生态习性和人工湿地设计时需要综合考虑的因素,对今后石菖蒲在人工湿地水污染控制等领域的应用进行了展望. 相似文献
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土壤重金属污染的植物修复及超富集植物的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
土壤重金属污染的植物修复是污染整治的重要手段之一。近年来对植物修复的研究日益增加,工业、农业和交通是土壤中污染物的三大主要来源。目前重金属污染土壤植物修复主要包括植物稳定、植物提取和植物挥发。由于超富集植物存在生物量小、生长缓慢的缺点,更应该关注具有高生物量的重金属耐(抗)性植物。 相似文献
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浅谈土壤微生物的净化作用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文介绍了土壤微生物对无毒污染物的分解净化作用,对有毒污染物通过其矿化作用和共代谢作用可以改变毒性谱和部分或全部降解毒性。同时提出防治土壤污染措施,保护土壤环境。 相似文献
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东部老工业区是济南市大气污染重点防控区域。工业区大型企业的无组织排放废气对区域及周边大气环境质量产生的影响,一直没有引起人们的足够重视,因对其排放量大小和污染物种类不清楚,难以进行监管。本文以济南东部老工业区一家大型钢铁企业为例,选取五项有代表性的特征污染物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯、非甲烷总烃和氨)进行布点监测,在不同气象条件下,分析特征污染物的浓度变化,了解钢铁企业无组织排放特征。经对监测数据的分析得出:与上风向相比,下风向各污染物监测的小时浓度和日均浓度均有不同程度的增加,表明该厂区污染源对周边环境空气质量有一定影响。最后,提出防范或改进措施,如应加严相应的无组织排放标准,增加大气在线监测点位及监测项目,建议企业加强对生产工艺环节无组织排放废气的收集和处理。 相似文献
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In this work, the electrochemical oxidation of pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene) on boron-doped diamond anodes has been studied. The voltammetric results showed that pyrogallol oxidation takes place in the same potential region as that of phenol where the supporting electrolyte is stable. Synthetic wastewaters containing pyrogallol have been treated in a bench-scale electrolysis plant. This plant operates in a discontinuous mode by recirculating the waste continuously through a single-chamber electrochemical flow cell. The complete mineralization of pyrogallol and the electro-generated pollutants is obtained in the electrolytic device. HPLC analyses show the formation of carboxylic acids as the main intermediates. The efficiency of the electrochemical process was found to depend mainly on the pollutant concentration present in the waste and on the applied current density. The high efficiency of this technology can be explained in terms of the direct electro-oxidation at the BDD surface and the oxidation carried out by hydroxyl radicals and other electro-generated oxidants. 相似文献
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The chemical environment of pest species may be considered a habitat susceptible to management Management may be by means of manipulation of the environment of the pest for population suppression or for enhancement of natural enemies Examples of each are reviewed here Chemical stimuli influencing the behavior of phytophagous insects include host plant originated stimuli and pheromones The latter, especially sex pheromones, have proved most successful as tools for manipulation of pest population dynamics Factors influencing search behavior of natural enemies include habitat characteristics such as crop, associated plants and plant assemblages, host plant characteristics, influence of associated organisms, and characteristics of the searching entomophage Recent studies have shown potential for simultaneous management of a pest species and enhancement of natural enemies using pest pheromones 相似文献
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这里介绍两则石油污染生物治理的现场实例。一则是关于水处理厂的生物治理,强调了即使在环境因素不十分有利的条件下,采用微生物生态法的生物强化措施,就能经济有效地降低污染物的浓度;另一则展示地下水和土壤的生物治理,并详述了生物治理的原理、可行性、扩大试验法、监测项目的确定、试验前后总多环芳烃(PAH)及五氯苯酚(PCP)等的浓度变化等。两则微生物生态法的生物治理均表明:此法既省去了实验室研究,又不需事先查明所用的微生物属性,即可大大加快可行性研究速度,还明显地提高了防治效果。微生物生态法成功的运用进一步说明了:即使不用外加菌种,也能显著提高生物降解有机污染物的速度,进而达到有效治理石油污染的目的。 相似文献
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植物在人工湿地中的作用及物种选择 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
本文主要阐述了植物在人工湿地中的作用和选取植物的一些原则,并分析了今后所研究的重点。植物在人工湿地中起着非常重要的作用,不但可以去除污染物质,而且具有生态美学和经济价值;选择植物应考虑植物的净化能力、适应性等因素。最后提出了植物研究需要加强的地方。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2007,1(3):318-342
This study assesses potential environmental impacts of the absorption-based carbon dioxide (CO2) capture unit that is integrated to coal-fired power plant for post-combustion treatment of flue gas. The assessment was performed by identifying potential pollutants and their sources as well as amounts of emissions from the CO2 capture unit and also by reviewing toxicology, potential implications to human health and the environment, as well as the environmental laws and regulations associated with such pollutants. The assessment shows that, while offering a significant environmental benefit through a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the installation of CO2 capture units for post-combustion treatment might induce unintentional and potential burdens to human health and the environment through four emission pathways, including treated gas, process wastes, fugitive emissions, and accidental releases. Such burdens nevertheless can be predetermined and properly mitigated through a well-established environmental management program and mitigation measures. Recommendations to minimize these impacts are provided in this paper. 相似文献
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Haoran Jian Xiaowei Huang Songqing Li Shuping Zhou Yinghua Cen Wung-wai Tso 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1994,11(1-4)
A pilot plant was set up to treat dye waste water. The flow of the plant begins with a chemical pretreatment step following by an immobilized decolorizing bacteria reactor and an ordinary activated sludge reactor at the end. Results from the seven months' operation show that the decolorization effect of the immobilized cell reactor worked satisfactorily. The effluent colour always remained below 100 with the influent colour as high as 4000 or more. The COD of the effluent could also meet the discharge standard, around 60 mg L−1. The immobilized cell reactor has an ability to reduce the BOD/COD ratio of the waste, suggesting that it can degrade the recalcitrant pollutants easily. The results show that it is a high-efficiency and low-cost process suitable to be developed into full-scale application. 相似文献
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