流域非点源水污染排放清单估算系统构建

基于流域水质改善与水环境管理需求,结合目前流域非点源水污染排放存在的问题,本研究采用SOA-B/S架构,运用MVC6和GIS与环境模型集成关键技术,构建流域非点源水污染排放清单估算系统,并系统梳理了地形数据、污染源环境统计数据、气象数据等基础信息,采用基于输出系数法的非点源水污染负荷估算模型,实现了对全年及年内各分水期非点源水污染排放清单的处理分析和估算。系统通过数据库、GIS平台、模型集成和业务系统建设,实现了对不同时间和空间尺度下不同地区的非点源水污染负荷估算,推进了流域非点源污染排放的信息化、科学化及可视化管理,为决策者制定流域水环境管理措施和方案提供了有力的技术支持。     

钱塘江突发水污染事故应急系统开发与应用

采用网络信息平台和水环境模型相结合的技术手段,构建了钱塘江突发水污染事故应急系统。该系统旨在帮助应急管理部门快速应对钱塘江流域突发性水污染事故,以及保障G20峰会期间钱塘江流域的饮用水源地安全。该系统以水动力模型、溢油和化学品泄漏模型为核心,采用空间关系型中央数据库作为数据管理系统,基于网络GIS技术开发而成。通过对钱塘江流域历史事故的反演,验证了该系统的准确度和可靠性。在该系统的基础上,构建了钱塘江流域典型流场库和典型突发水污染事故情景库,以实现快速应对G20峰会期间钱塘江流域突发水污染事故风险。     

云南楚雄市水环境对策研究

河流水污染和水资源短缺是楚雄市面临的两大水环境问题。本文将楚雄市社会经济发展、水污染控制和水资源开发利用纳入一个系统,在掌握水环境问题现状和变化趋势及其成因的基础上,探讨河流水质目标和排污控制目标,从宏观协调对策和水污染控制措施两个层次上进行水环境对策的设计和多目标优选,并得到最佳水污染控制实施计划。     

农村水污染控制的创新思路与关键对策研究

在重点分析了我国农村水污染控制体制机制与政策方面存在的问题的基础上,创新提出了从农村水污染源头控制、过程阻断和末端治理等三环节构架农村水污染控制管理的体制机制与政策。提出重点围绕农村水污染控制管理体制机制、区域化管理、技术政策评估、农业清洁生产激励机制与农村生活水污染控制管理政策等五个方面开展研究的农村水污染控制关键对策研究思路。     

工业园区水污染控制多目标规划研究

本文分析了我国水污染控制规划的新特点，结合传统的水污染控制规划模型提出了适应新特点的流域工业园区水污染控制多目标规划的建模思路。新模型以污水排放口、污水处理厂、输水管线以及接纳污水的水体组成的水环境系统为基础。并纳入工业园区水污染治理子系统，同时考虑工业园区总量控制要求。     

九江市水环境管理及可持续性发展

分析了九江市水资源分布特征和水环境管理现状，研究了水环境管理存在的主要问题，提出了建立九江市综合水务管理体制、以环境容量为基础、以排污许可证为手段的水污染防治体制等对策。     

水生态环境保护回顾与展望：从污染防治到三水统筹

水生态环境保护事关美丽中国目标的实现。本文阐释了我国从水污染防治向水环境、水生态、水资源“三水”统筹转变的新时代水生态环境保护内涵，从国内视角梳理我国水污染防治实践取得的成效，识别美丽中国水生态环境保护面临的制约性问题，首次在全国层面与欧美发达国家的水环境质量、水生态保护和水资源保障情况进行国际对标分析，提出以水生态系统保护目标为指引、以流域生态环境空间管控为基础、以“三水”统筹系统治理为路径、以治理体系和治理能力现代化为保障的水生态环境保护战略建议。     

生活环境主义视角下的农村水污染问题研究——以杨村为例

农村的水污染一直是环境治理的重要问题，但是在水污染治理的过程中，主体主要是国家和政府，缺乏村民的参与和管理。通过对杨村的实地调查，了解该村的地理状况、水污染现状，进一步分析当地村民的生活历史和生活惯习，发现忽视“生活者”的水污染治理措施，很难从根本上解决问题。所以重视生活者的社会实践，关注末端治理主体，构建以村民为主体的保护防线，对于水污染的治理具有重要作用。     

水污染治理工程存在的问题及对策

对污染源进行治理是控制水污染，改善水环境质量的重要手段之一。但近年来污染治理工程存在着许多问题，影响了治理效果，浪费了财力物力，挫伤了治污的积极性，致使水污染得不到有效地控制和改善，其主要问题表现在以下几个方面：一、工程投资高，企业接受难资金投入额度是污水治理工程的最实质问题，它直接关系到治污企业的承受能力和积极性，同时又是衡量工程本身实用价值大小的重要指标。无论是70、80年代的生物处理祛，还是90年代的物理、化学处理法，都存在投资高的问题。生物处理法是指利用微生物转化废水中的污染物（主要是有机物）…     

基于WebGIS的水环境管理信息发布系统

本文论述了如何运用ARCIMS作为网络地图发布平台，结合先进的ASP技术，建立一个基于Web GIS的水环境管理信息发布系统，以实现水环境信息资源的共享，为水环境管理和水环境决策提供强有力的信息支持。该系统的主要功能是空间与属性数据的编辑与更新，信息的检索与查询，矢量数据的显示、缩放、漫游，缓冲区分析以及专题图制作等。     

AN INTERACTWE MODELING ENVIRONMENT FOR NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL1

ABSTRACT: Non-point source pollution cuntinues to be an important environmental and water quality management problem. For the moat part, analysis of non-point source pollution in watersheds has depended on the use of distributed models to identify potential problem areas and to assess the effectiveness of alternative management practices. To effectively use these models for watershed water quality management, users depend on integrated geographic information systems (GIS)-based interfaces for input/output data management. However, existing interfaces are ad-hoc and the utility of GIS is limited to organization of input data and display of output data. A highly interactive water quality modeling interface that utilizes the functional components and analytical capability of GIS is highly desirable. This paper describes the tight coupling of the Agricultural Non-point Source (AGNPS) water quality model and ARC/INFO GIS software to provide an interactive hybrid modeling environment for evaluation of non-point source pollution in a watershed. The modeling environment is designed to generate AGNPS input parameters from user-specified GIS coverages, create AGNPS input data files, control AGNPS model simulations, and extract and organize AGNPS model output data for display. An example application involving the estimation of pesticide loading in a southern Iowa agricultural watershed demonstrates the capability of the modeling environment. Compared with traditional methods of watershed water quality modeling using the AGNPS model or other ad-hoc interfaces between a distributed model and GIS, the interactive modeling environment system is efficient and significantly reduces the task of watershed analysis using tightly coupled GIS databases and distributed models.     

石棉县森林资源地理信息系统的建立

地理信息系统是管理和分析空间数据的科学技术，以GIS技术为核心，结合RS和GPS技术建立完整的县级林业管理信息系统，是林业管理工作的必然要求。在实地调研、资料收集的基础上，以GIS技术为核心，构建了石棉县林业管理信息系统。系统地介绍了石棉县森林地理信息系统的构架、数据库建设的具体步骤与方法、系统的功能和实现，以及对基础地理信息系统的应用等问题，为今后林业管理信息系统数据库的建设提供参考依据。     

IS支持下水质模型的应用

地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ） 是集计算机科学、地球科学、信息科学为一体的高新技术。目前,ＧＩＳ技术已广泛用于资源管理、环境监测、环境评价、灾害评估、区域流域环境规划等众多领域,已成为国内外环境管理的有效决策支持工具。本文介绍了ＧＩＳ技术在金华江流域水污染控制决策方面的应用, 其中重点介绍了在ＧＩＳ支持下,金华江流域水污染决策模型（ 水质模型） 的建立、程序设计和实现     

MAXIMIZING THE VALUE OF INFORMATION FOR GROUND WATER PROTECTION: THREE TEST CASES1

ABSTRACT: Public awareness of the importance of protecting the nation's water supplies is growing. Recent studies have shown a substantial increase in the perceived value of protecting water supplies for future use. In the Northeast, much of the water supply comes from ground water. This paper examines three test cases, each with different approaches for using geographic information systems (GIS) for ground water protection planning. In Wellfleet, Massachusetts, build-out scenarios were used to support regulatory and land acquisition decisions for siting a public water supply well. In Hadley, Massachusetts, the focus was on a decision support model for septic suitability assessment in support of regulatory efforts and infrastructure expansion. For Cortland County, New York, an interactive graphic user interface was created to facilitate the manipulation and recombination of a large volume of data by county officials to target ground water pollution prevention efforts. As personal computers become more powerful and inexpensive, and GIS data become more readily available, community and county governments are turning to GIS as a tool for developing comprehensive resource protection plans. Once appropriate data are input, a GIS can effectively and efficiently be used to derive outcomes of various land use plans and regulations.     

Geographic information systems: a tool for strategic ground water quality management

Geographically‐related information is needed for several elements of an integrated ground water quality management programme, including ground water monitoring planning, prioritization of pollution sources, usage of permits and inspections for source control, and planning and completion of remedial actions. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) can be used to support these elements along with delineating wellhead protection areas (WHPAs), prioritizing existing contaminant sources and evaluating proposed changes in land usage in such areas. Eight case studies of the use of GISs in wellhead protection programmes are summarized, including examples from Rhode Island, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Kansas, Massachusetts and Texas. Six additional examples are mentioned relative to the use of GISs for evaluating ground water pollution potential, facilitating data analysis for environmental restoration of a large area with numerous waste sites, evaluating trends in ground water nitrate contamination, establishing a national database for ground water vulnerability to agricultural chemicals, simulating water table altitudes from stream and drainage basin locations, and selecting radioactive waste dump sites. The applicability of GISs and their associated advantages in wellhead protection and other ground water management studies are demonstrated via the case studies. The GIS technology provides a unique opportunity for analysing and visualizing spatial data. Contaminant and source prioritization within WHPAs is needed for both extant conditions and in the evaluation of proposed land use changes. The coupling of a GIS with contaminant/source prioritization would provide a strategic tool which could be used to plan targeted ground water monitoring programmes, to identify appropriate management or mitigation measures, minimize introduction of contaminants from existing sources into the subsurface environment, and to evaluate the potential of proposed land use activities for causing ground water contamination. GISs can be useful in providing current information for policy makers, planners and managers engaged in ground water quality decision making.     

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AS A TOOL IN WATER USE DATA MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: The temporal and locational attributes of water use data are ideally suited for analysis using a geographic information system (GIS) approach. A GIS combines spatial database management, statistical analysis, and cartographic modelling capabilities within a computer hardware and software configuration. Texas water use data for selected categories in 1980 and 1986 were analyzed using ARC/INFO to demonstrate the utility of GIS for water resource information management. Examples of data analysis and display are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of cartographic representations to communicate water use data.     

水环境承载能力调控与水质信息系统模式的探讨

水环境承载能力是可持续发展理论的重要体现，它具有很强的动态、空间时空、水量水质兼顾、补偿等特性。建立水质信息系统基础平台，科学地利用和调控水环境承载能力，实现水环境保护目标的实现。本文就水环境承载能力调控与水质信息系统模式的建立进行了分析研究，并结合中国实情提出了建模总体框架。     

Detection and mapping of water pollution variation in the Nile Delta using multivariate clustering and GIS techniques

The limited water resources of Egypt lead to widespread water-stress. Consequently, the use of marginal water sources, such as agricultural drainage waters, provides one of the national feasible solutions to the problem. However, the marginal quality of the drainage waters may restrict their use.The objective of this research is to develop a tool for planning and managing the reuse of agricultural drainage water for irrigation in the Nile Delta. This is achieved by classifying the pollution levels of drainage water into several categories using a statistical clustering approach that may ensure simple but accurate information about the pollution levels and water characteristics at any point within the drainage system.The derived clusters are then visualized by using a Geographical Information System (GIS) to draw thematic maps based on the entire Nile Delta, thus making GIS as a decision support system. The obtained maps may assist the decision makers in managing and controlling pollution in the Nile Delta regions. The clustering process also provides an effective overview of those spots in the Nile Delta where intensified monitoring activities are required. Consequently, the obtained results make a major contribution to the assessment and redesign of the Egyptian national water quality monitoring network.