工业废水中COD测定方法试验

化学耗氧量(COD)是工业废水中的有机污染参数之一。对于钢铁厂来说,轧钢废水中COD含量波动大,从低含量几十mg/l到高含量几千mg/l,排入自然水域中,严重地破坏了生态平衡。因此,将 COD作为环境污染的常规监测综合指标之一     

CAO啤酒废水处理技术

由大连东达环境工程有限公司开发、大连市环保局推荐的CAO技术适用于啤酒废水处理。主要技术内容混凝沉淀采用网格反应斜板沉淀去除废水中的酒糟悬浮物;兼氧处理采用兼氧曝气减少污泥量,提高可生化性;好氧处理维持溶解氧2～4mg/l,出水清澈透明。好氧曝气产生的剩余污泥全部循环进入兼氧水解池,经兼氧微生物和水解细菌作用降解,提高废水的可生化性,减少污泥的外排量67%,处理效率提高28%。典型规模:4200m3/d。主要技术指标及条件要求一、主要技术指标废水水质:COD2500mg/l、BOD1500mg/l、SS438mg/l、pH6.4。1.处理后的水质应达到《污水综…     

高浓度抗菌素废水厌氧预处理的应用实例

采用厌氧UASB反应器处理鲁抗制药的高浓度青霉素、链霉素发酵废水、溶媒废水及提炼废水是可以的.通过中温厌氧消化,当进水COD在15000mg/l左右、UASB有机负荷为5kgCOD/m3·d左右时,COD去除率为80%,出水挥发酸(VFA)小于10mmol/l.     

超声波处理三元驱采油废水的实验

利用超声技术对油田三元驱采油废水的处理进行了实验研究。通过实验确定了超声波的最佳反应频率、功率、反应时间以及絮凝剂的筛选复配。实验结果表明:在最佳的反应条件下(超声频率为28kHz,超声频率为95 W,超声时间40min,沉降分离之后添加絮凝剂PAC 25mg/L,PAM 5mg/L),测得处理后的含油污水中悬浮物含量为1.5mg/L和含油率为4.9%,达到SY/T 5329—2012《碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法》中低渗透油层注水水质要求。在不改变以重力沉降为主的传统采油污水处理工艺的前提下,为三元驱采油废水的处理提供一种经济高效的方法。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化氧化降解苯酚废水实验

开展实验室模拟苯酚废水的二氧化钛光催化氧化实验。结果表明：在苯酚废水曝气量为0～3L/min的条件下，随着曝气量的增大，COD去除率先增大后减小；初始浓度不变，光照时间为1h的条件下， 调节pH值在3～11，苯酚废水COD去除率随着pH值的增大而减小，当pH值为11时， COD去除率又开始增 大，酸性条件比碱性条件下COD去除率高；随着二氧化钛投加量的增加，COD去除率增大，当二氧化钛投加量 为10g/L时，COD去除率反而降低，二氧化钛最佳投加量为3g/L；随着苯酚废水初始浓度由75mg/L增加至300mg/L，COD去除率由78.2％降低到58.1％；反应温度的改变对COD和TOC的去除率没有影响。     

离子色谱-衍生-分光光度法同时测定水中三价铬和六价铬

本文建立了离子色谱法同时测定水中三价铬和六价铬的方法。样品中的三价铬经柱前衍生后,泵入分析柱,与样品中的六价铬分离,分离后的样品经在线柱后衍生,流入可变波长检测器,分别在365 nm和540 nm检测。利用正交实验找出最佳分析条件:水浴加热2 min,加热温度80℃,柱后衍生液流速1.1 ml/min。方法在10 min内完成水中三价铬和六价铬分析,三价铬和六价铬线性范围分别为0.05～10 mg/L和0.005～1 mg/L,方法检出限低,分别为18.1μg/L和0.267μg/L,精密度分别为1.16%(0.4 mg/L Cr3+,n=7)和3.07%(0.08 mg/L Cr6+,n=7),样品分析时的加标回收率在96%～102%之间。     

Fenton试剂处理六氯苯废水的试验研究

研究了采用Fenton法处理六氯苯模拟废水的方法以及Fenton法处理六氯苯的影响因素。研究结果显示:在H2O2(30%)投加量为500mg/L,Fe2 投加量为1000mg/L,pH=2.5的条件下,经过4h的反应,废水中HCB去除率可达51.65%。     

两种高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水的树脂吸附处理及其资源化研究

采用XDA-1树脂吸附和碱液解吸工艺对两种高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水进行处理和回收研究。结果显示,在室温、pH 4~6、流速1~2BV/h条件下,两种废水的酚浓度分别从9500mg/L和24500mg/L降低到1mg/L和5mg/L,CODC r分别从18800mg/L和212000mg/L降低到1450mg/L和97500mg/L。用浓度4%的NaOH溶液在60℃条件下进行解析,解吸效率达99%。从两种废水中分别回收了浓度8%~12%的羟甲基酚和甲基苯酚,既减少了对环境的污染,又回收了资源。     

印染废水快速处理初步研究

采用活性反应柱处理的方法对印染废水进行处理。结果表明：采用原水pH,经活性反应柱处理2h,出水pH值调为8的条件下,其CODcr的含量可以从600mg/L降到92mg／L,去除率为84／67％,色度从500降到20,去除率为96％,出水达到国家排放一级标准。     

甲醇制烯烃废水处理工程实例

甲醇制烯烃项目废水中MTO净化废水及其他生产废水COD值较高,可生化性较好,但含有一些较难生化降解或有毒的物质,水质容易受主生产装置运行状况的影响。本工程废水经除油预处理—水解酸化—曝气池—MBR的主工艺处理后,在进水COD≤1 200 mg/L,石油类≤90 mg/L的条件下,出水COD50 mg/L、石油类1 mg/L,出水基本稳定达标。     

钻井废水酸化中和预处理研究

针对钻井废水悬浮物和CODCr含量高的污染特征,对其酸化中和预处理的可行性进行了实验研究,并对其作用机理进行了探讨,以浓H2SO4 调节pH至1.5,加入石灰乳中和使 pH为9,可使CODCr的去除率达到50%,悬浮物的去除率达到80%.处理可在废水池内进行,给下一步利用装置进行混凝处理创造了条件。     

稠油废水COD处理工艺研究

通过对多种絮凝剂的试验研究,筛选出UP-11混凝剂,在其投加量为2.4 mL/L时,油与COD去除效果最佳。同时在此基础上采用膜SBR法对絮凝出水做进一步处理,当运行条件为:进水0.5h、曝气4h、沉淀1h、排水0.5h时,出水完全达到国家规定的污水排放标准。     

微生物法处理海上钻井废钻井液

微生物法适用于海上钻井含油废弃物的处理。通过多次对菌株采集、分离、纯化和培养驯化,选育得到了3株对石油烃类有很好降解效果的石油类降解菌;确定了石油类降解菌适宜的生化处理条件:最佳生长及原油降解温度为50℃、最佳生长及原油降解酸碱性环境为pH=6.0、最佳菌株接种量2%、最佳原油初始浓度为500mg/L。处理后的含油废弃钻井液含油量基本稳定在2mg/L以下,降解率达98%以上。     

Low-temperature chromium(VI) biotransformation in soil with varying electron acceptors

Effective and low-cost strategies for remediating chromium (Cr)-contaminated soil are needed. Chromium(VI) leaching from contaminated soil into ground water and surface water threatens water supplies and the environment. This study tested indigenous Cr(VI) microbial transformation in batch systems at 10 degrees C in the presence of various electron acceptors. The effects of carbon addition, spiked Cr(VI), and mixing highly contaminated soil with less contaminated soil were investigated. The results indicated that Cr(VI) can be biotransformed in the presence of different electron acceptors including oxygen, nitrate, sulfate, and iron. Sugar addition had the greatest effect on enhancing Cr(VI) removal. Less dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was consumed per amount of Cr(VI) transformed under anaerobic conditions [0.8-93 mg DOC/mg Cr(VI)] compared with aerobic conditions [1.4-265 mg DOC/mg Cr(VI)]. Toxicity of high concentrations (< 160 mg/L) of spiked Cr(VI) were not evident. At Cr(VI) concentrations > 40 mg/L, aerobic conditions promoted faster Cr(VI) reduction than anaerobic conditions with nitrate or sulfate present. Biotransformation of Cr(VI) in highly contaminated soil (22,000 mg Cr/kg) was facilitated by mixing with less-contaminated soil. The study results provide a framework for evaluating indigenous Cr(VI) microbial transformation and enhance the ability to develop strategies for soil treatment.     

炼油污水的处理

采用接触氧化—曝气生物滤池—加氯氧化—砂滤—活性炭吸附的工艺对某炼油厂污水进行处理,运行结果显示:出水中石油类和SS均小于5mg/L,达到了设计回用指标;而对COD和氨氮的降解则存在不稳定现象,针对此问题作了进一步的工艺整改后此工艺最终出水可以达到该厂制定的回用水质标准。     

PAC和PASS对印染废水的混凝效果研究

主要研究PAC和PASS混凝剂对高浓度和低浓度印染废水的混凝处理效果。确定了PAC处理高浓度印染废水(pH:4.39;色度:18750倍;COD:6480;浊度:1462)的最佳pH、混凝时间、投药量为5～7、8min、24mL/L;PASS处理低浓度印染废水(pH:10.16;色度:2020倍;COD:168;浊度:36.4)的最佳pH、混凝时间、投药量为6～7、15min、12mL/L。PAC处理高浓度的印染废水效果较好,处理低浓度印染废水的效果较差;PASS处理低浓度印染废水的处理效果比PAC要好。     

化学氧化—混凝沉淀法处理油田作业废液

采用化学氧化—混凝沉淀法对油田作业废液进行处理,筛选出最佳的混凝条件及氧化条件。实验结果表明,与产出水混合处理后可使原水的悬浮物从500～1000 mg/L降至<3 mg/L、总铁<0.5 mg/L。处理后的污水由处理前的黑浆状变为清澈透明,淡黄色,基本达到了注水水质标准。该方法具有投资小、净化效果好、设备简单、占地面积小、操作方便、不产生二次污染等优点。     

Occurrence of metals in soil and ground water near chromated copper arsenate-treated utility poles

To thoroughly investigate the metal contamination around chromated copper arsenate (CCA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)-treated utility poles, a total of 189 soil samples obtained from different depths and distances near six treated poles in the Montreal area (Canada) were analyzed for Cu, Cr, and As content. Various soil physicochemical properties were also determined. Ground water samples collected below the poles were analyzed for metals and bioassays with Daphnia magna were conducted. Generally, sandy soils had lower contaminant levels than clayey and organic soils. Copper concentrations in soil were highest followed by As and Cr. The highest Cu (1460 +/- 677 mg kg(-1)), As (410 +/- 150 mg kg(-1)), and Cr (287 +/- 32 mg kg(-1)) concentrations were found at the ground line and immediately adjacent to the pole. Contaminant levels then decreased with distance, approaching background levels within 0.1 m from the pole for Cr and 0.5 m for Cu and As. Chromium and Cu levels generally approached background levels at a depth of 0.5 m. Average As content near the pole on all study sites was three to eight times higher than Quebec's Level C criterion (50 mg kg(-1)), although it dropped to 31 mg kg(-1) at 0.1 m. Results also showed that As persisted up to 1 m in soil depth (17-54 mg kg(-1)). Copper and Cr concentrations in ground water samples were always <1.000 mg L(-1) and <0.05 mg L(-1), respectively and Cr(VI) was <0.02 mg L(-1). One sample contained an As concentration >0.025 mg L(-1) but bioassays showed that, overall, ground water had a low ecotoxic potential.     

生物氧化法处理高浓度含氨、含氰废水

通过对用普通活性污泥法法处理高浓度含氨、含氰废水的可行性分析,总结了装置改进后,在工艺流程;微生物的培养及驯化;运行参数的选择等方面的运行情况。提出适宜的浓度范围是: NH3—N<500 mg/l;COD<800 mg/L;氰化物<10 mg/L;镍<10 mg/L。结论为:① 用生物氧化法处理高浓度含氨、含氰废水,不仅可行,而且处理效果比较好;② 该装置的水质适应性比较好,对低浓度的毒性物质有降解作用,如氰化物、镍等;③ 此工艺产生的污泥量比较少。     

Assessment of surface water quality near municipal Solid Waste dumping facility in Bukoba,Kagera Region,Tanzania

Water samples were collected from River Kanoni which passes near a municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping facility in Bukoba Town, Kagera Region, United Republic of Tanzania. The objective of the study was to assess surface water pollution caused by a MSW dump. Selected physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, Electrical Conductivity [EC], and Total Dissolved Solids [TDS]), nutrient levels, as well as heavy metals concentrations (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd) were analyzed in the laboratory at the University of Dar es Salaam, in accordance with standard methods, and were compared with the existing standard limits for freshwater qualities, as stipulated by WHO and US-EPA. Results have shown that pH values were within the allowable range of between 6.5 and 8.5, except for one value (8.82 ± 0.11) that was measured at the midstream. Temperature values were between 26.28 ± 1.02°C and 28.35 ± 0.15°C, which are within the allowable range of between 20°C and 50°C. EC values were between 262.50 ± 8.32 μS/cm and 345.01 ± 6.48 μS/cm, which are below the maximum allowable value of 400 μS/cm. TDS values were between 183.75 ± 6.55 mg/L and 241.51 ± 11.33 mg/L, which are below the maximum allowable value of 500 mg/L. Nitrate levels were between 17.52 ± 1.12 mg/L and 32.00 ± 3.02 mg/L, which are above the standard limit of 10 mg/L above. Concentrations of Lead, Chromium, and Cadmium were between 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/L and 0.16 ± 0.05 mg/L, 0.55 ± 0.02 mg/L and 1.14 ± 0.07 mg/L, and 0.009 ± 0.12 mg/L and 0.098 ± 0.22, respectively, which are all above the recommended limits of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.003 mg/L, respectively. Values for copper and zinc were between 0.02 ± 0.12 mg/L and 0.20 ± 0.22 mg/L, and 0.79 ± 0.32 mg/L and 1.57 ± 0.04 mg/L respectively, which are below the recommended limits of 1.3 and 5 mg/L, respectively. This study has revealed that Bukoba MSW dumping facility has potential impacts on the water quality in River Kanoni, for domestic usage. This, therefore, demands all relevant authorities to immediately find a proper and sustainable replacement for the existing MSW dump in Bukoba town.