城市垃圾等离子气化技术模拟研究

简要介绍了等离子气化技术及其特点,以及国内外等离子气化技术的发展和应用情况。在分析探讨了等离子气化原理的基础上,借助Aspen Plus系统流程模拟软件,对我国城市垃圾进行等离子气化建模和模拟分析。     

垃圾气化技术的应用现状及发展趋势

简介了垃圾气化技术及其主要特点,总结了当前两种主流垃圾气化技术—热分选气化技术和等离子气化技术的发展及应用情况,分析了我国垃圾气化技术发展过程中存在的主要问题,展望了垃圾气化技术的发展趋势。     

等离子气化技术在固体废物处理中的应用

针对国内固体废物处理的经验和情况,从保证处理的无害化效果以及让固体废物的处理经济可行结合的角度,介绍了等离子气化技术的应用效果及优势,认为采用等离子气化技术进行固体废物处理的时机已经成熟。     

气化及高温等离子体技术在废物处理中的应用

本文介绍了等离子体新技术的应用前景及气化等离子技术处理废物的工艺系统。采用气化及高温等离子体技术处理废物,可彻底焚毁废物中的有机物,减少污染排放,回收能源,降低运行成本,具有良好的综合效益。     

生物质气化技术的研究现状

介绍了国内外生物质气化技术的研究现状,阐述了国内不同种类生物质气化炉的原理及特点,提出了生物质气化技术存在的问题及发展趋势。     

高温铜渣气化城市生活垃圾试验研究

城市生活垃圾处理是当前人类社会面对的迫切问题,也是研究的热点.城市生活垃圾气化处理技术具有减容、减量程度高、资源利用率好等优势,已成为目前城市生活垃圾处理的重要手段.铜冶炼过程中排出的液态铜渣温度为1200-1350℃,余热品质非常高,极具利用价值.利用生活垃圾的气化试验装置,使用高温铜渣对生活垃圾进行了气化试验研究,研究了温度、载气、热载体因素对垃圾气化产气特性的影响,以便能将垃圾处理技术和高温铜渣余热回收技术有效地结合起来.通过试验可知,使用铜渣作为热载体和载水蒸气对垃圾的气化产气质量有积极的影响.     

生物质气化装置

正由大连鑫宝生物质能有限公司开发的生物质气化装置,适用于小城镇生物质气化站。主要技术内容一、基本原理利用农作物废弃物和城市有机垃圾作原料在气体发生器中进行缺氧燃烧,产生可燃气体,经净化和压缩后通过管道供给用户     

恩德粉煤流化气化装置

由抚顺恩德机械有限公司开发的恩德粉煤流化气化装置,适用于石油、化工、建材、冶金、有色冶金、机械等行业。主要技术内容一、基本原理将褐煤弱黏结性煤,粉碎到10mm以下,与气化剂(氧气 蒸汽)一起加入气化炉内,在流化状态下,进行气化反应,C O2=CO2 Q C CO2=2CO-Q C H2O=CO H2-Q     

适于区域生物质特性的生物质气化技术的研究进展

基于我国生物质综合利用行业发展现状分析,进行生物质发电、生物沼气、生物质成型燃料以及生物液体燃料的市场发展前景和技术发展趋势的综合比较,进而聚焦于生物质气化技术,梳理出其主体发展路线研究进展,结合区域生物质特性,总结出最适于当地生物质特性的生物质气化发展技术,从而进一步推进生物质能行业发展和技术开发。     

天然有机高分子聚合物的硝酸酯类点火剂及上点火燃烧的热化学机理

电能与气化是清洁、方便、省能的民用燃料结构,是城市民用燃料结构未来发展的方向。随着社会主义物质文明的发展,在我国有条件的大中城市普及电能实现气化是完全可能的。在这方面,我国的能源专家已经作过大量的论证工作。但限于目前技术经济条件,我国     

德、日两国循环经济立法经验及对我国的启示

循环经济立法是发展循环经济的前提，对发展循环经济具有首要的、决定性的作用。借鉴德国、日本两个经济发达国家循环经济立法的成功经验，提出建立符合我国国情的循环经济立法模式和循环经济法律体系的构建。     

双回路热解炉垃圾焚烧NOx排放特性研究

本文利用双回路立式热解焚烧炉对某地区的垃圾进行试验研究,通过调节过量空气系数,一、二次风机的风量等参数,研究双回路热解炉垃圾焚烧NOx排放特性.结果表明：焚烧炉的二燃室温度能够达到850℃,烟气停留时间超过2秒,燃烧灰的热灼减率小于3％.随着引风机风量系数的增加,烟气中NOx的含量先增加后减少;二燃室的温度先升高后降低.     

Environmental and economic analysis of management systems for biodegradable waste

The management system for solid and liquid organic waste affects the environment and surrounding technical systems in several ways. In order to decrease the environmental impact and resource use, biological waste treatment and alternative solutions for sewage treatment are often advocated. These alternatives include increased agricultural use of waste residuals. To analyse whether such proposed systems indicate improvements for the environment and its sustainability, systems analysis is a useful method. The changes in environmental impact and resource use is not only a result of changes in waste treatment methods, but also largely a result of changes in surrounding systems (energy and agriculture) caused by changes in waste management practices. In order to perform a systems analysis, a substance-flow simulation model, the organic waste research model (ORWARE), has been used. The results are evaluated by using methodology from life cycle assessment (LCA). An economic analysis was also performed on three of the studied scenarios. The management system for solid organic waste and sewage in the municipality of Uppsala, Sweden, was studied. Three scenarios for different treatments of solid waste were analysed: incineration with heat recovery, composting, and anaerobic digestion. These three scenarios included conventional sewage treatment. A fourth scenario reviewed was anaerobic digestion of solid waste, using urine-separating toilets and separate handling of the urine fraction. The results are only valid for the case study and under the assumptions made. In this case study anaerobic digestion result in the lowest environmental impact of all the solid waste management systems, but is costly. Economically, incineration with heat recovery is the cheapest way to treat solid waste. Composting gives environmental advantages compared to incineration methods, without significantly increased costs. Urine separation, which may be implemented together with any solid waste treatment, has great advantages, particularly in its low impact on the environment. However, there is a large increase in acidification.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧发电的现状及发展对策

分析了城市生活垃圾焚烧处理的国内外现状和意义,针对近年来新建和在建的垃圾焚烧发电项目或多或少面临的被抵制局面,提出了对策。     

垃圾焚烧发电厂配套设施及污染防控问题浅析

文章分析了垃圾焚烧技术的利弊，详述了垃圾焚烧发电厂必要的配套设施的项目内容，指出这是垃圾焚烧发电系统不可分割的部分。认为垃圾焚烧发电发展前景广阔。     

Assessing environmental impacts of municipal solid waste of Johor by analytical hierarchy process

The views of the public on solid waste bound to be generated in Johor Bahru Malaysia are presented and appraised. This is because of the massive development currently going on to transform the city to an international standing by the year 2025. For this reason, attempts to raise stakeholder awareness on the need to embrace on how best to manage the current problem with reduced impacts to the environment currently and in the future was attempted. Data were collected through contacts and questionnaire survey. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique was used to structure and assess the views and judgments of stakeholders on the environmental impacts of solid waste disposal. SuperDecision software was used to generate and compute results of stakeholder's judgments. The assessment revealed that fauna and flora, habitat depletion and land use among the criteria are most critical environmental impacts. Landfilling, recycling, incineration and composting were evaluated in terms of the environmental impacts. The choice of incineration is perceived to improve environmental visibility, preserves fauna and flora as well as stream ecology, improves environmental air quality and optimizes land use. Similarly, recycling of waste, is perceived to preserves fauna and flora, stream ecology, habitat depletion, improves air quality as well as land use. Composting is perceived to be the best option in terms of preservation of stream ecology, habitat depletion and land use practice. Landfill generates less noise and vibration but found to be responsible for more than 50% of the environmental impacts created by solid waste in this area. Composting and recycling are mostly preferred to landfilling and incineration and the reason why this is so was provided. The study also identified challenges ahead and highlights that benefits attached to some vital disposal options (such as incineration) are yet to be fully implemented.     

Utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) ash in cement and mortar

Solid waste management is gaining significant importance with the ever-increasing quantities of waste materials generated these days. With increased environmental awareness and its potential hazardous effects, recycling/utilization of these materials have become an attractive alternative to disposal. Some of these waste and hazardous materials could possible be used in cement-based materials. One of such waste is municipal solid waste. Ash is obtained after incineration of MSW.This paper presents comprehensive details of the physical, chemical, and mineralogical composition, elemental analysis of ash obtained from MSW. It also covers the effect of MSW ash on the hydration characteristics, setting times, compressive strength, sulfate resistance and mass loss of cement and mortar. It also deals with the leachate analysis of MSW ash.     

Medical waste management in Korea

The management of medical waste is of great importance due to its potential environmental hazards and public health risks. In the past medical waste was often mixed with municipal solid waste and disposed of in residential waste landfills or improper treatment facilities (e.g. inadequately controlled incinerators) in Korea. In recent years, many efforts have been made by environmental regulatory agencies and waste generators to better manage the waste from healthcare facilities. This paper presents an overview of the current management practices of medical waste in Korea. Information regarding generation, composition, segregation, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes is provided and discussed. Medical waste incineration is identified as the most preferred disposal method and will be the only available treatment option in late 2005. Faced with increased regulations over toxic air emissions (e.g. dioxins and furans), all existing small incineration facilities that do not have air pollution control devices will cease operation in the next few years. Large-scale medical waste incinerators would be responsible for the treatment of medical waste generated by most healthcare facilities in Korea. It is important to point out that there is a great potential to emit air toxic pollutants from such incinerators if improperly operated and managed, because medical waste typically contains a variety of plastic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Waste minimization and recycling, control of toxic air emissions at medical waste incinerators, and alternative treatment methods to incineration are regarded to be the major challenges in the future.     

Garbage as fuel: pursuing incineration to counter stigma in postcolonial urban India

This paper explains why local leaders may adopt and promote forms of environmentalism that privilege aesthetic and class-based concerns, displacing environmentalisms of the poor, that promote more socially just and sustainable practices. Presenting a case study from Delhi, India, I ask why centralised and mechanised approaches to garbage services, which included incineration or “waste-to-energy,” were promoted over manual recycling systems despite their unproven efficacy and significant expense. I argue that Indian leaders saw incineration as a mechanism for decontaminating garbage, and by association, de-stigmatising the city’s reputation. Transforming a chaotic cluster of materials – garbage – into a singular object for incineration – fuel – allowed Indian bureaucrats and managers, who tend to be upper-caste men, claim and profit from materials that are recycled by lower-caste and Muslim informal workers. I analyze ethnographic and documentary evidence and find that these motivations became particularly legible during the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, when postcolonial desires for international recognition were made explicit.     

政府支持垃圾焚烧发电的公共利益分析

阐述了垃圾焚烧发电的公共利益性质,政府支持垃圾焚烧发电是增进公共利益的必然要求,政府应构建支持垃圾焚烧发电常态机制,整合与垃圾焚烧发电相关各方力量,制定科学合理的正负激励政策,以期相关各方为垃圾焚烧发电的贡献最大化,有效增进公共利益。