新时期云南红河少数民族地区农村劳动力转移特征及其对新农村建设的影响

我国少数民族地区的经济社会可持续发展具有重要的经济、政治和社会意义。农村是少数民族地区发展的薄弱环节，更是我国实现全面小康以及建设社会主义新农村的难点所在。农村劳动力转移又是其中的关键问题之一。本文通过收集、整理农户调查年鉴、农户调查问卷，分析新时期云南红河少数民族地区农村劳动力转移特征。并进一步分析了农村劳动力转移对新农村建设的影响，在此基础上提出了相应的对策建议。结果表明，新时期云南红河少数民族地区农村劳动力转移有助于提高农民素质，提高农民收入，增强了社会主义新农村建设的发展主体，缓解农村人地关系紧张的矛盾，对社会主义新农村有重要作用。研究认为，发展少数民族地区教育事业、激发群众奋发向上的精神、推进基础设施建设、加强管理体制和制度创新有助于促进农村劳动力转移背景下的社会主义新农村建设。     

农村清洁生产与循环经济

农业、农村、农民问题关系经济社会发展全局，是当前全党工作的重中之重。为逐步解决好三农问题，近年来，中央先后作出了建设社会主义新农村、发展现代农业的重大战略决策。建设社会主义新农村是党和政府关于“三农”问题在指导思想和发展战略上的重大调整。新农村建设从本质上说，是对农民权利义务关系、城乡利益关系和工农分配关系的重大调整。     

中国农村转型发展研究的进展与趋势

农村转型发展是推进农村产业结构升级、就业与消费方式转变,以及城乡协调发展的根本途径.文章系统地回顾了中国农村转型发展的研究历程,总结了各发展阶段的特点和研究内容,讨论了农村转型发展研究中存在的问题.认为中国农村发展研究经历了1949-1978年制度转型背景下以生产力为重心的农村转型,1979-1993年体制转型背景下以经济为中心的农村波动发展,1994年以后发展理念和经济环境演变下的农村转型发展等三个阶段.由于各阶段农村发展的内外部条件不断发生着变化,因此,同一阶段内农村发展的研究重点也有所侧重.最后,从农村发展的宏观战略与理论及方法,农村耕地保护、占用补偿和粮食安全,农村工业化、城乡转型与统筹发展及功能区划分,现代农业发展与农村产业结构调整及特色优势农业培育,新农村建设机制与模式等方面进行了展望.     

建设社会主义新农村的真实含义:生产关系和社会形态的创制

针对当前对建设社会主义新农村的各种看法，认为，这个建设过程不仅是一系列的方法创制，它的真实含义是一种生产关系和社会形态的创制，其直接针对是打破责任制以及各种权宜性或过渡性措施的局限，在城乡统筹的意义上谋求共同富裕。社会主义新农村是20世纪50年代以来社会主义理念在农村现代化建设方面的延续，更是社会主义自身创新的一个重要内容；这种既延续又改革的原创特性主要体现为，它的建设内容和可能途径始终是互为因果和互为表里的；新农村建设的创制必须依据社会主义原则，而新农村的建设成效将确证和充实着社会主义自身的创新发展。     

30年来中国农业经济政策及其效果分析

回顾了我国农村基本制度的变革和农产品流通体制的改革.以及国家对农业进行宏观调控的历史,认为从农地制度变迁开始,最终建立的农村市场经济制度,奠定了农业持续30年的发展基础.21世纪以来以新农村建设为主线的惠农政策进一步突出了"发展现代农业"的主旨,从农村财税、文化教育、社会保障、基本建设、生态建设等各方面,制度变革成果带来的政策效应逐渐深化,产生了农产品供应充足,人民生活改善,农民负担减轻、收入提高,农村经济综合发展能力提高的效果.在此基础上,分析了我国"三农"问题的基本形势,认为我国"三农"政策会在现有基础上继续强化,将加大粮食生产扶持力度,进一步加强农业基础设施建设,建立促进农村经济社会发展的长效机制,进一步完善城乡统筹发展制度框架.     

燃起生态文明的火炬建设社会主义新农村

历史已经走过原始文明、农业文明、工业文明，人类所企盼的生态文明正向我们走来。文明反映人类社会发展程度，是经济、社会、文化发展水平的整体体现。在我国建设社会主义新农村中，生态文明显得更为重要、更为迫切。如能把生态文明建设与新农村建设结合起来，那么将会大大推进农村可持续发展和全面建设小康社会的进程，意义深远。     

对现阶段我国农村社会保障制度的经济分析

建立健全农村社会保障制度是社会主义新农村建设的题中应有之义。从理论上说．农村社会保障制度建设是社会安全的需要．是社会化大生产的要求，是宏观需求管理的需要．而且我国现酚段已有能力承担农村社会保障支出；从农村经济社会发展现状看，农村土地和家庭保障功能弱化，城市化进程中农民工的社会保障需求及农村人口老龄化的趋势，都迫切要求健全农村社会保障制度。考虑到我国经济发展水平状况，农村社会保障制度建设应坚持四项原则，现阶段着力抓好三个重点。     

可持续农业和农村发展试验区的实践──以湖南省娄底地区为例

湖南省娄底地区是我国可持续农业和农村发展（SARD）试验示范区之一，六年来的研究与实践缓解了经济社会发展与资源环境之间的矛盾，使该地区初步走上了农业与农村可持续发展的道路。     

可持续农业和农村发展试验区的实验——以湖南省娄底地区为例

湖南省娄底地区是我国可持续农业和农村发展（ＳＡＲＤ）试验示范区之一，六年来的研究与实践缓解了经济社会发展与资源环境之间的矛盾，使该地区初涉走上了农业与农村可持续发展的道路。     

立足社会与经济全面、综合、协调的发展——华庄镇社会发展综合实验的成就与体会

华庄镇实施国家社会发展综合实验的任务,已整整8年。这是奋进的历程。创新的实践。我们深刻地认识到:以科技为先导,改革为动力,发展为前提,稳定为条件,实现社会与经济的全面发展、综合发展、协调发展,创建起体现团结自强、文明卫生、富庶健康的新颖社会,是建设具有中国特色的社会主义现代化新农村的极重要的组成部分。     

Difference among the Growth of GDP and Urbanization of the Provinces and the Cities in West China since the Reform and Opening-up

Since the reform and opening-up, the difference between the development of the west region and the other regions in China is increasing. In addition, the condition of the development of cities in west China needs amelioration. Developing conditions of the west provinces and its cities using economic barometers (e.g. gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita GDP) and urban population datum (e.g. urbanization level and city primary degree) have been analyzed in this article. Five indexes have been chosen to work on the development of the provinces, for example, the contribution degree of the increment in GDP, the contribution degree of the increment of per capita GDP, urbanization level, city primary degree, city primacy ratio. Conclusions are as follows. (1) The growth of the GDP and per capita GDP of the western provinces is in a poor way; moreover, it is not steady going. (2) The comparability among the characteristics of the urbanization level growth of the provinces is at a low level. (3) The urbanization levels of Inner Mongolia province and Sinkiang province are more-sensitive responders to the growth of per capita GDP, whereas those of Guangxi province and Tibet province are less-sensitive responders. (4) The urban population in most of the provinces are highly concentrated, which can be shown by city primary degrees and city primacy ratios. While working on these cities in west China, some earlier zone-organic cities are chosen as sample cities, and these cities are also analyzed using economic barometers and population datum. By analyzing the difference among the cities and comparing the research findings of Professor Zhou and the author, the following conclusions are made: (1) the growth of the GDP and per capita GDP of the cities are mostly not steady going; (2) the middle and big cities are more-sensitive responders to the growth of economy, whereas the small and mega cities are less-sensitive responders; (3) the sizes of southwest cities have a higher speed than those of northwest ones, and furthermore, the differences between them are still increasing.     

新生代农民工市民化进程与空间分异研究

农民工市民化问题是当今城市地理学研究的一个重大课题.基于大连市300名新生代农民工的问卷调查,从外部环境和新生代农民工自身情况两方面,构建了市民化指标体系,修正了基于C-D函数的市民化进程模型,采用SPSS软件对问卷结果进行统计分析,定量分析了大连市新生代农民工市民化进程的特点,运用Maplnfo作出空间分异图,得出大连市新生代农民工市民化进程的空间分异特征:①市内四个主城区的市民化水平低于副城区;②市中心及其辐射地带市民化水平较低,城乡结合部市民化水平较高;③市民化指标与市民化水平空间分异不匹配.目前新生代农民工市民化的相关制度环境处于阻碍阶段,城市居民对新生代农民工的社会认同和接纳程度较好,新生代农民工自身已经具备市民化的能力,城乡结合部和副城区(郊区)是其定居城市的最佳区域,农民工市民化进程是一个任重而道远的任务,国家、社会应为新生代农民工提供一个平台,加快农民工到市民的转化进程.     

Public Discourse and the Rhetorical Construction of the Technospecter

Modern technological disasters and their human and environmental consequences often defy the imagination in their immensity and complexity. As such, their rhetorical constructions often lack tangibility and a sense of material reality for those not directly involved. These amorphous constructions are consolidated into a view of technological disaster and threats of disaster in which the rhetorical dimensions are analogous to those of ghosts portrayed in popular literature and film—a view the author terms the “technospecter.” Drawing on the public discourse surrounding a tragic pipeline explosion near Carlsbad, New Mexico, this study identifies the rhetorical dimensions of the technospecter and discusses how the construction of the specter reinforces the meta-narratives that constrain pro-environmental action.     

Parxit,the United States,and the world

<正>1.Introduction And now we have Parxit.On 1 June 2017,President Trump issued the highly unpopular announcement that the United States will withdraw from the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change.In this brief piece,I will try to explain the reasons for this nearly unprecedented act of foreign policy folly(Ronald Reagan did pull out of the Law of the Sea     

Sustainable Development and the Role of the Financial World

The incapacity to finance sustainable development through philanthropic official assistance turned the Johannesburg Summit to business world and the financial industry. Pioneering financial institutions – including development banks and private banks – have developed a wide range of innovations that can support sustainable development. This article highlights a few innovative products and markets and focuses on the progress made by financial players on the level of standards, metrics and guidelines to improve sustainability management systems, reporting and accounting practices and the multi-stakeholder dynamic. The role of the socially responsible investing (SRI) community has been underexposed by the Summit. Through its voice and market success, SRI has moved from a green market niche to the mainstream, however not becoming mainstream. The invaluable levering effect of SRI has just been discovered by authorities and market regulators and is becoming instrumental. In order to show the business case of Corporate Social Responsibility and to prove the financial viability of the People, Planet, Prosperity investing approach, the SRI community should critically reflect on its own quality assurance systems, sound disclosure and verification practices.     

Environmental change in and around the Okavango Delta during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

Historical data, archival information, in-situ observations and multi-date remotely sensed imagery comprising CORONA photographs of 1967, aerial photographs of 1991 and 2000, and Landsat TM and Landsat ETM images of 1989 and 1994 and 2001, respectively, were used to reconstruct environmental changes in and around the Okavango Delta during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The major changes that emerged from this reconstruction include persistent flood and rainfall failures, sustained contraction of surface and groundwater resources, floodplain desiccation, significant expansion of woody cover and significant decrease in grazing resources. These changes require urgent formulation and immediate adoption of climate smart interventions that can enhance our capacities to cope with the adverse effects deteriorating climatic conditions.     

基于环境同位素的鄱阳湖与长江关系变化解析

在气候变化和三峡工程调节的双重影响下,长江中下游通江湖泊江湖关系发生显著改变,而最大的通江湖泊—鄱阳湖—水情的变化及其引发的一系列生态和环境问题受到了高度重视和关注。为了揭示不同时期鄱阳湖与长江间的江湖关系,并初步分析三峡运行对鄱阳湖水情的影响,通过对鄱阳湖北部通江水道湖水、降水和九江段长江干流水同位素特征进行调查并探讨长江水与湖水同位素联系。结果表明:湖水、降水和长江水中δ~(18)O和δ~2H值存在明显的季节和空间变化,可用于揭示湖泊与长江间的关系。在三峡调洪削峰期(7月)湖水δ~(18)O和δ~2H值明显要高于长江水,且湖水主要以外排形式补给长江为主,其比例达75%;在三峡蓄水期(10月)长江水位高于湖口水位,从鄱阳湖出口到老爷庙湖水与长江水同位素值具有较高的相似性,表明了此水域受长江水倒灌影响;而在三峡蓄水期(11和12月)湖水同位素值偏大说明了其受到一定较强的蒸发富集影响。三峡水库运行明显改变了长江水位和流量,进而影响了鄱阳湖与长江的补排关系,调洪削峰调度阶段,较高的长江水位对鄱阳湖存在一定的顶托作用,导致湖水难以排泄。因此,三峡水库的调度需要考虑到鄱阳湖流域水情,以免加重该流域丰水期的洪涝灾害和枯水期的水资源短缺。     

The Country,the City,and the Corporation: Rio Tinto Kennecott and the Materiality of Corporate Rhetoric

Contributing to extant discourses about corporate environmental advocacy, this paper argues that corporations can embed discursive rhetorical strategies in material places and spaces. This argument contributes to environmental communication by bridging divisions between discursive and materialist approaches to corporate rhetoric. Corporate materiality is realized in the study of Rio Tinto Kennecott (RTK) at places of corporate community where RTK enunciates a dominant environmental discourse about the necessity of the Bingham Canyon Mine through strategies such as the technological shell game, the hypocrite's trap, and corporate heterotopia, which are made manifest materially alongside cultural values such as epistemic trust, technological progress, community, and home. Using participatory critical rhetoric as a methodology, I analyse RTK's material rhetoric at the Natural History Museum of Utah, the Rio Tinto Soccer Stadium, and the Daybreak suburban community. This case study reveals that corporations are assemblages that assert many different, and sometimes competing, arguments that can deflect environmental criticism, materially.