焦化循环经济工业园生态产业链运行研究——以山西省为例

生态产业链是焦化循环经济工业园区持续增长的重要保证,它包括相互依存的两个方面:产业生态系统与生态产业链运行机制,而当务之急是生态产业链运行机制的建设。本文以此为背景,阐述了山西省循环经济工业园区生态产业链运行中存在的问题,构建了焦化循环经济工业园区产业生态系统(IES),并建议从纵向一体化、兼并重组、网络组织等六个方面构建和完善生态产业链运行机制,以此促进焦化循环经济工业园区向生态工业园区演变的进程。     

葡萄酒生态产业链的研究

葡萄酒产业链是由葡萄种植者、葡萄酒生产者、消费者、资源回收者等一系列利益相关者组成的系统，该系统以产区生态为条件，以葡萄种植为基础，以葡萄酒生产及其副产物资源利用为保证，使产业链条中一个产品生产中产生的废物为别一个产品的生产原料，最大限度地减少废物排放，体现了生态的统一性和资源的耦合性，形成了高效生态产业链。本文阐述了葡萄酒产业所具有生态产业链的特征，系统分析了葡萄酒产业链条中资源投入、新资源产出及其循环利用情况，重点对葡萄酒皮渣酿制白兰地、榨取葡萄籽油、提取葡萄红色素，多酚类产品、酿醋、配置饮料和基肥等产业开发状况进行了分析，并展望其发展前景，以期转变葡萄酒产业发展模式，实现产业与社会、经济、环境的和谐发展。     

基于负产品投入产出分析的循环经济定量化评价及实证研究

借用投入产出法的矩阵思想，构建了一个部门间以负产品关联的投入产出分析模型。基于此模型建立了衡量研究区域循环经济模式下的各生产部门的收益与贡献以及区域整体的环境效益和经济效益的评价指标。实证研究中，应用上述指标对深圳市南山区月亮湾循环经济产业示范园区进行了相关评价与分析，同时指出了该评价方法的优点与不足。     

基于DEA的燃煤电厂循环经济评价研究

燃煤电厂是我国大部分地区的主要污染来源,燃煤电厂实施循环经济既是环境保护的需要,也是节能减排的有效途径.在调查收集10个燃煤电厂生产数据的基础上,构建了常规燃煤电厂的循环经济评价指标体系,主要指标有:资源产出、资源消耗、综合利用和废物排放.基于此建立了燃煤电厂循环经济评价的投入-产出指标.应用数据包络分析(DEA)方法的C2S模型和C2GS2模型对燃煤电厂循环经济的规模有效性和技术有效性进行了评价.结果表明:电厂P02,P03和P07的规模收益呈递增趋势,即增加投入会增加一定的污染,但可以使产出有较大效率的增加.进一步的分析表明,电厂P02和P03的技术效率为1,其循环经济的实施在技术上是有效的(但在规模上是无效的);P07在技术上是无效的.通过其投入冗余和产出冗余,计算出P07实施循环经济的目标值,为循环经济改进提供了依据.     

循环经济园区发展的技术经济分析

建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,必须大力发展循环经济。通过剖析江西星火工业园发展循环经济案例,对循环经济园区的发展进行了技术经济分析。循环经济园区是一种先进的生产组织形式,在园区内,上游企业的废弃物或副产品成为下游企业的原料,新的产业链得到延伸,逐步形成产业网,节省了自然资源,减少环境污染;基础设施、公共服务和知识信息得到共享,交易费用减少,提高了企业综合效益。园区以物质与能量循环利用为目标、以产业集群为载体,通过专业化分工和全面合作,经济、社会和生态环境效益显著。     

循环经济产业体系论纲

循环经济的核心是物质在产业间和产业与环境间的循环流动。发展循环经济要落实到具体的产业和企业上。需搞清具有物质循环利用关系的产业及其间的关系。为区别传统经济产业间的关系，避免走入用传统产业理论指导循环经济建设的误区，本文提出产业体系和循环经济产业体系的概念。并将若干与某种生产要素有关的产业相互联系、相互制约而构成的整体称为产业体系。以物质要素循环利用关系为纽带的产业体系称为循环经济产业体系。根据物质在环境社会系统中的流动模式。将循环经济产业体系中的产业分成物资产业、人的产业和环境产业三大类。要在传统（线性）经济的基础上发展循环经济。需理性地按生态学原理规范经济活动。重点强化废弃物再生和回用的环境产业。使之同物资产业和人的产业相协调。产业体系是对产业结构概念的发展。循环经济产业体系是循环经济理论和建设的重要内容。构建循环经济理论体系、出台有关法律法规和产业政策。是循环经济建设工作的重点。     

新汶矿业集团发展循环经济的思路和方法

企业是经济发展主体．国家加快推进循环经济的发展．必须落实到企业的行动中。新汶矿业集团适时提出了“煤炭产业集中化、非煤产业集优化、产业发展生态化”的新思路．创新发展模式．改变单一的产业和产品结构．围绕煤炭生产这一主导产业．积极延伸产业链．着力构建“煤、电、化（煤化工、盐化工）、建材”的新型产业格局。着眼于煤炭相关产业的全面升级．大力发展“煤基多元化”产业集群;着眼于资豫型城市的转型．全力构筑“非煤集优化”产业链条;着眼于提升矿井技术创新能力．全面提高矿区煤炭资豫综合利用水平。以四大工业园区为依托．构建特色区域经济．探索出一条煤炭企业发展循环经济的成功之路。     

工业园区循环经济绩效评价方法研究

针对当前循环经济绩效内涵不明确,评价指标体系多局限于对循环经济发展水平等循环经济绩效评价中存在的问题,在系统归纳总结该领域研究现状基础上,明确了循环经济绩效的概念;进一步构建了基于生态效率-物质流分析的循环经济绩效评估指标体系,利用模糊数学和灰色聚类方法分别建立了循环经济绩效评估模型;最后,以上海化工园区和南通农药化学工业园为案例,对2个园区循环经济绩效进行评估。结果表明:从理论和方法上,构建的工业园区循环经济绩效评价指标体系是适用的;模糊综合评价和灰色聚类评价的结果存在一定的差异,模糊评价结果更为合理,而且该模型可以直观地表示出园区循环经济绩效的优劣势所在。进而,以上海化工园区作为标杆,针对南通农药化学工业园存在的资源效率偏低等问题,提出若干循环经济绩效改进措施。     

从清洁生产到循环经济

清洁生产和循环经济是20世纪90年代以来在我国引人注目的两项实践。正确认识、积极推进清洁生产和循环经济,对于转变我国经济增长方式与发展模式、促进可持续发展具有重要意义。在将资源环境要素纳入经济系统内部,转变经济增长方式,促进资源环境和经济结合一体化发展模式的概念意义下,本文从宏观历史层面阐述了我国清洁生产和循环经济的发展过程、必然趋势及其长期曲折、交错推进的过程特征。分析了以废物循环作为循环经济的认识和实践误区,提出了以清洁生产为基础推进产业生态化,结合强化末端管制,以及围绕建立“绿色”市场进行制度创新为基本内容的发展我国循环经济的建议。     

我国形成"3+1"循环经济发展模式

经过近几年不断探索，我国已形成了独具特色的循环经济发展模式，专家归纳成“3 1”模式，即小循环、中循环、大循环，废物处置和再生产业。     

The Convergence Analysis on the Economic Growth and Energy Intensity Gap between Regional Sectors

In this paper,the authors have analyzed the relationship between energy intensity gap and GDP per worker gap of China’s western and eastern provinces over the period 1997-2006.Using panel data model with lag adjustment,taking the above provinces and six industrial sectors (agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries,industry,construction industry,transport,storage and post & telecommunications,wholesale and retail trades & catering industry,and other sectors of tertiary industry.) as the investigated subjects,the authors have conducted empirical study on the convergence of GDP per worker gap and the convergence of energy intensity gap with respect to the variation of GDP per worker gap,and have concluded that:First,the GDP per worker gap of the six industrial sectors and provinces are convergent,and of this,the convergence rate of GDP per worker gap of Construction Industry is the fastest,while that of Industry is the slowest.Second,the overall energy intensity gap between eastern and western provinces is convergent,that is,with the narrowing of GDP per worker gap between eastern and western provinces,the energy intensity gap converges,but its convergence rate is slower than that of GDP per worker gap.Third,energy intensity gap between various industrial sectors of the east and the west is either convergent or divergent,and there are differences.The energy intensity gap of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries,industry,and construction industry is convergent,while that of the other three industrial sectors is divergent.Fourth,the convergence of the overall energy intensity of the western provinces is not in conformity with the convergence of the various industrial sectors,and there are significant differences,indicating that the western provinces and autonomous regions should take measures to more effectively improve their overall energy utilization efficiency at the industrial sector level.     

基于产业化发展的农业人才“回流”问题研究

农业产业化发展需要人才支持,但长期城乡二元经济体制、偏向城市的工业优先发展战略等,造成农业农村人才大量流失,出现人才"空心化"、产业化人才匮乏等问题。随着农业生产链条的不断延伸及分工与合作的逐步深化,满足产业化需求的人才结构也逐步细化,许多关键领域的人才缺口较大,如:推动产业化扩张和规模化发展的规划管理人才,提升产业科技水平和产业链延伸交融程度的农业技术人才,促进产业链顺利延伸和产业集群发展的综合服务人才等。当农业农村现有人才存量无法满足产业化发展需求时,在地方政府指导下,合理引导掌握一技之长的农民工、农村籍大学生以及非农籍社会人才回流农业,是确保农业产业化持续、快速、健康发展的重要措施。相应的,实现人才顺利回流农业,需通过日益延伸的农业产业链内部市场的利益联结机制,鼓励并引导产业化紧缺人才组成专业型或互补型人力资本团队并积极参与产业化过程。     

Carbon emissions of china’s industrial sectors based on input–output analysis

This study uses an input–output model presenting the embodied carbon emission in the import–export procedure, as well as the responsibility allocation between China’s 35 sectors and 7 main trade partners from 1995 to 2011. Results indicate that the amount of carbon emissions in China’s industrial sectors is immense and that the industrial sectors are in serious imbalance. Such imbalance exists mainly in textiles, basic and fabricated metal, electrical and optical equipment, and machinery, among others. Based on the consumer-responsibility principle, the responsibility of 29 departments is reduced. Correspondingly, foreign sectors become more responsible. America, as China’s largest trading partner, should account for most of the total responsibility, followed by developed countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Germany.     

Water pollution footprints induced by industrial import and export in China

With the rapid development of foreign trade in China, industrial import and export has been an absolute subject in recent years. The huge trade surplus of import and export trade of industrial products brings not only high profits, but also pollution costs as well. Based on the concept of water pollution footprints (WPFs), this study applies the input-output method and calculates pollutant-producing coefficients of 20 major industrial sectors in China and investigates the WPFs caused by the import and export trades of these industrial sectors. The research results show that WPF resulting from exports exceeds that of imports from 2011 to 2015 in China. The net inflow of pollution footprint is mainly from paper mills, printing and stationery manufacturing, and textile industry; whereas a great number of WPFs are transferred to other countries by these sectors, such as metal mining and dressing industry and oil and natural gas exploitation industry.     

全球价值链视角的武汉城市圈产业体系构建——推动武汉城市圈低碳经济发展

从全球价值链的视角分析武汉城市圈产业体系构建,提出发展低碳经济是城市圈融入更大区域乃至全球价值链,不断朝着全球价值链的高附加值环节攀升,具有持久的生命力和强大的竞争力的途径。在文中,通过湖北近20年来的能源消耗情况计算出碳排放量,据此发现城市圈碳轨迹,并提出构建产业体系的策略。武汉城市圈近中期应该把提高能效和碳生产率作为核心,不断降低能源消费强度和碳排放强度,努力减少CO2的排放的增长率,实现碳排放与经济增长的逐步脱钩。产业结构的调整是发展低碳经济的重要途径。因此,城市圈要走新型工业化道路,建设低碳经济,工业结构升级调整任务迫切。同时,进行有利于碳减排交易的机制体制创新;进行有利于EET(能源环保)产业发展的机制创新;进行有利于推动EMC(能源合同管理)模式的机制体制创新;进行有利于科技创新的机制体制创新。     

Decomposition Analysis of Sectoral Energy Use in Beijing （1981-2005） Using the LMDI Method

This paper aims to identify the main driving force for changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing during the period of 1981-2005. Sectoral energy use was investigated when regional economic structure changed significantly. The changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing are decomposed into production effects, structural effects and intensity effects using the additive version of the logarithmic mean Divisia index （LMDI） method. Aggregate decomposition analysis showed that the major contributor of total effect was made by the production effect followed by the intensity effect, and the structural effect was relatively insignificant. The total and production effects were all positive. In contrast, the structural effect and intensity effect were all negative. Sectoral decomposition investigation indicated that the most effective way to slow down the growth rate of total primary energy consumption （TPEC） was to reduce the production of the energy-intensive industrial sectors and improving industrial energy intensity. The results show that in this period, Beijing＇s economy has undergone a transformation from an industrial to a service economy. However, the structures of sectoral energy use have not been changed yet, and energy demand should be increasing until the energy-intensive industrial production to be reduced and energy intensity of the region reaches a peak. As sequence energy consumption data of sub-sectors are not available, only the fundamental three sectors are considered： agriculture, industry and service. However, further decomposition into secondary and tertiary sectors is definitely needed for detailed investigations.     

武汉城市圈产业发展的空间优化

武汉城市圈是指以武汉市为中心,包括黄石、鄂州、黄冈、孝感、咸宁、仙桃、潜江和天门等周边8市共同组成的城市密集区。该区域具有悠久的产业发展传统,其历史轨迹可分为3个阶段：第一阶段（1840~1949）为产业发展起步时期,第二阶段（1949~1994）为产业结构强化时期,第三阶段（1994~）为产业体系调整时期;与此相适应,区域产业的部门结构和空间结构均呈现典型的集中特征,以2003年区域制造业的增加值为指标,武汉市的空间集中度为50.5％,前10类制造业的产业集中度为60.6％。据此,目前的武汉城市圈是一个松散的“经济联邦”,但存在区域整合的产业、空间和创新基础。以2001~2004年武汉城市圈9城市的统计资料为基础,以制造业分行业的年均增加值和增长率为指标,计算和分析其区域产业发展潜力,结果表明：以钢铁、汽车和电子及通讯设备制造业等为依托,构建区域集群网络,能够充分发挥武汉市的产业组织和创新扩散功能。武汉城市圈应进一步调整产业发展思路,坚持创新驱动路径,通过完善集群网络规划、强化区域空间关联和引导产业集聚发展等政策措施,有效推动具有区域竞争优势的特色产业发展。     

环境规制会影响产业集中度吗?:一个经验研究

作为刻画产业结构的重要指标之一——产业集中度,一直受到国内外学者的广泛重视,但鲜见有学者研究环境规制会对产业集中度带来何种影响。为了对此进行研究,本文以我国工业部门1996-2006年的数据为样本,首先计算出产业集中度(CR4和CR8)水平,并运用面板数据分析方法,在控制相关变量的基础上,研究了环境规制对产业集中度带来的影响,得到以下结论:(1)在不考虑其他控制变量时,环境规制变量对产业集中度产生不显著的正向促进作用,但随着控制变量的逐步引入,环境规制变量的显著性水平逐步提高,模型总体拟合效果趋于优化;(2)同时,进入退出壁垒、利润率水平、经济干预政策和规模经济程度四个控制变量也会对产业集中度产生显著的正向推动作用。因此,适度强化环境规制水平,不仅有利于保护环境,优化资源配置,淘汰落后产能,解决结构性产能过剩,而且有利于提升产业集中度,增强我国企业在国际上的竞争力。     

Industrial pollution discharges from the West African region

Information on the type and quantity of industrial pollutants from major land-based sources entering the marine environment through direct coastal discharges or indirectly through rivers, as well as on the present status of industrial waste management (treatment and disposal) practices, are provided for the West African region. Most of the data utilized in this analysis were collected by six UNIDO experts who visited the eighteen countries of the West African region during the period of January through August 1980. Industrial operations were visited and information was collected from the various ministries involved with industrial development and environmental protection. Estimates of the mass of pollutants discharged to the ocean were based upon production rates used in conjunction with actual measurements made by the industries located in the countries visited; studies reported in the literature; and an extrapolation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Standards for various industrial sectors. The West African region was divided into five zones closely approximating the major currents of the Atlantic Ocean. The estimated pollution discharged by the industrial sector was calculated for each of the zones by adding the contribution from each country assigned to a zone.