AMD铁絮体改性生物炭对重金属吸附机理研究 ——以Pb(II)为例

以酸性矿山废水生成的铁絮体和秸秆生物炭为原料,采用化学改性和紫外辐射联用技术制备改性生物炭,并通过正交试验确定最佳改性条件,同时利用FTIR、SEM和BET等方法对吸附材料的形貌特征、孔隙结构及其表面化学性质进行表征.结果表明,通过改性使吸附材料比表面积增大,吸附位点增多,在25℃、pH为7时,吸附材料改性后比表面积为295.71 m²·g^-1,对Pb（II）的拟合吸附量可达278 mg·g^-1.改性材料对Pb（II）的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型和准二级动力学模型,主要为单分子层吸附,受化学吸附控制.     

镧铝改性凹凸棒粘土对富营养化湖泊有机磷控制效果

通过吸附与原位模拟实验,研究了镧铝改性凹凸棒粘土（La/Al@ACP）对水体有机磷的吸附性能及其覆盖对沉积物磷释放的影响,并通过沉积物磷分级、DGT技术、扫描电镜能谱技术探讨材料覆盖对沉积物磷形态影响机制.结果显示,La/Al@ACP添加后,上覆水及底泥间隙水中磷含量显著下降,并伴随沉积物有效磷通量的减少.有机磷形态分析表明,添加La/Al@ACP后活性态的Lab-P_o不断向稳定态的Hum-P_o转化,有效控制了底泥磷向上覆水释放的风险.La/Al@ACP作为一种控制湖泊富营养化的有效材料,可用于底泥内源磷的固定与控制.     

基于铁锰泥的除砷吸附剂性能比较及吸附机理

为解决反冲洗铁锰泥粉末吸附剂（BSPA）使用后难以泥水分离问题,将除铁锰水厂生物滤池产生的反冲洗泥制成颗粒吸附剂（GA）和磁性粉末吸附剂（MPA）,并对BSPA、GA和MPA的除砷性能进行了比较,通过SEM、TED、XRD、BET、FTIR等技术对3种材料进行了表征,寻找3种吸附剂之间除砷性能差异的根源.结果表明,BSPA、GA和MPA对As （V）的最大吸附容量分别为40.980,5.048,8.694mg/g,改性后的吸附材料GA和MPA对砷的吸附能力下降.BSPA是一种以纤铁矿为主的无定形结构混合物,并混有针铁矿和结晶度差的水铁矿,GA的XRD图谱中出现石英晶体和少量赤铁矿晶体的衍射峰,而MPA的主要成分为结晶程度较高的磁赤铁矿.3种材料中均存在有利于吸附的含羟基官能团.BSPA、MPA和GA的比表面积分别为253.150,238.660,43.803m²/g.物相改变且结晶程度增加、表面羟基减少和比表面积降低是导致GA和MPA的砷吸附容量比BSPA低的主要因素.     

Effects of the surface chemistry of macroreticular adsorbents on the adsorption of 1-naphthol/1-naphthylamine mixtures from water

The adsorption behaviors of 1-naphthol, 1-naphthylamine and l-naphthol/l-naphthylamine mixtures in water over two macroreticular adsorbents were investigated in single or binary batch systems at 293 K, 303 K and 313 K respectively. All the adsorption isotherms in the studied systems can be adequately fitted by Langmuir model. In the case of aminated macroreticular adsorbent NDA103, 1-naphthol is adsorbed to a larger extent than 1-naphthylamine; while, the opposite trend is found for nonpolar macroreticular adsorbent NDA100. It is noteworthy that at higher temperature（303 K and 313 K）, the total uptake amounts of 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine in all binary-component systems are obvious larger than the pure uptake amounts in single-component systems, which is presumably due to the cooperative effect primarily arisen from the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the loaded 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine molecules. The simultaneous adsorption systems were confirmed to be helpful to the selective adsorption towards 1-naphthol according to the larger selective index.     

AT－SS复合颗粒吸附剂的制备和除铅性能研究

通过颗粒吸附剂在含铅溶液中的振荡实验．研究了凹凸棒石粘土（ＡＴ）和钢渣（ＣＳ）、水泥（ＳＮ）、石英砂（ＳＳ）制得的多种复合颗粒吸附剂的除铅性能及制备条件．确定出最佳颗粒吸附剂为ＡＴ－ＳＳ，混合比为５：１，７００℃下焙烧１２０ｍｉｎ．对铅的静态吸附容量高达５００ｍｇ／ｇ以上，动态吸附容量为６０ｍｇ／ｇ．在１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的流速下，穿透时间为２０ｈ，洗脱回收率为４８．３％．当Ｐｂ进样量为２００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，ＡＴ－ＳＳ吸附剂在２３６倍床体积之内，流出液浓度低于排放标准．     

改进型EGSB处理配置污水的小试研究

通过对不同上升流速下改进型EGSB和EGSB处理人工配置城市污水效果的比较研究,提出了一种更为有效的处理城市污水的反应器--改进型EGSB反应器,在上升流速为5.41m/h时,其出水的COD值稳定在60mg/L左右,出水SS明显要低于未改进的EGSB。同时还考察了运行期间改进型EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥的胞外多聚物、辅酶变化等,在高的上升流速下,改进型EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥的胞外多聚物含量和辅酶F420含量比未改进EGSB中的要高。     

复合调质提高CaO固硫率的试验研究

对ＣａＯ 经乙醇调质后的固硫特性进行了试验研究，详细研究了水合温度、乙醇／Ｈ２Ｏ 配比等因素对ＣａＯ 固硫率的影响并作了理论分析，探讨了调质过程的机理．提出了在乙醇调质ＣａＯ 后再添加少量金属化合物的方法，发现在１１００℃高温下仍可达７０ ％ 的固硫率．     

改性稻草吸附铜离子的动力学机理

研究表明稻草改性后吸附铜离子的能力得到很大提高。研究表明吸附相当好地符合假二级吸附速率模型,测定了在4个温度下(15℃,27℃,37℃,50℃)的吸附速率常数。吸附平衡可用Langmiur吸附模型和Freundlich吸附模型处理。讨论了pH对吸附的影响。     

Adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents

Both bottle-point and column-feeding experiments involving different solutes and sorbents were carried out to investigate the adsorption selectivity and separation performance of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. Their adsorption isotherms onto such hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents as NDA-100 and NDA-99 could be well described by the Freundlich equations whose characteristics describe extrathermic and favorable adsorption processes. The adsorption towards NDA-100 mainly depended on the π-π interaction, while that towards NDA-99 was extremely influenced by the static-electric interaction. Additionally, the adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreased while it increased on NDA-100 with the presence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment as the competitive component. Comparatively, the adsorption capacity of 5-sulfosalicylic acid decreased on both resins with salicylic acid as the competitive component. In fact, the difference in the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate resulted in the straight antagonism on the effective adsorption sites on the adsorbent. In conclusion, the adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-100 was obviously larger than that onto NDA-99 with the existence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment. A satisfactory separation and recovery of tested solutes in aqueous phase could be foreseeably achieved by the sequencing adsorption technique involving NDA-100 as well as NDA-99. Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2005, 27(8): 570–574 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

跌水曝气——改进型填料(滤料)排水系统处理屠宰废水的设计

对屠宰厂原有的排水管道系统进行改造和革新 ,使之成为沉淀、厌氧好氧生物接触氧化与过滤的新型排水系统 ,用于屠宰废水处理 ,实现了达标排放