Coat color polymorphism in populations of the northern mole vole in the Ural Region

Collections made in the course of long-term field studies on ecology of the northern mole vole Ellobius talpinus Pall. in the Ural Region and neighboring areas (more than 2000 individuals from 24 points of the species range) were used to analyze geographic variation in its coat color (color morphs). On the basis of long-term observations (1985–1999) on marked animals from a polymorphic population (Kurtamyshskii raion, Kurgan oblast), the life spans of males and females and the dependence of life span on population density and structure were estimated in animals of different color morphs. Each color morph of E. talpinus was shown to have specific features of the seasonal dynamics of age structure and migrations.     

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of the fragile X syndrome by use of linked polymorphic markers

Fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of familial mental retardation. The most common mutation is expansion of a triplet (CGG)_n repeat in the 5′ untranslated region of the FMR1 gene on Xq27.3. The expansion is refractory to PCR due to preferential amplification of the smaller allele in heterozygous cells and the high GC content of the repeat and surrounding sequences. Direct detection of the normal parental alleles in preimplantation embryos has been used for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of this disorder. However, this approach is only suitable for approximately 63% of couples due to the heterozygosity of the repeat in the normal population. As an alternative we investigated the use of polymorphic markers flanking the mutation to track the normal and premutation carrying maternal chromosomes in preimplantation embryos. Using a panel of 11 polymorphisms, six (CA)_n repeats and five single nucleotide polymorphisms, diagnosis was developed for 90% of referred couples. Multiplex amplification of informative markers was tested in 300 single buccal cells from interested couples with efficiency and allele drop out (ADO) rates ranging from 69% to 96% and 6% to 18%, respectively. Use of this approach is accurate and applicable to a larger number of patients at risk of transmitting fragile X to their offspring. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comparison of different lysis buffers to assess allele dropout from single cells for preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Single cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) requires high efficiency and accuracy. Allele dropout (ADO), the random amplification failure of one of the two parental alleles, remains the most significant problem in PCR-based PGD testing since it can result in serious misdiagnosis for compound heterozygous or autosomal dominant conditions. A number of different strategies (including the use of lysis buffers to break down the cell and make the DNA accessible) have been employed to combat ADO with varying degrees of success, yet there is still no consensus among PGD centres over which lysis buffer should be used (ESHRE PGD Consortium, 1999 ). To address this issue, PCR amplification of three genes (CFTR, LAMA3 and PKP1) at different chromosomal loci was investigated. Single lymphocytes from individuals heterozygous for mutations within each of the three genes were collected and lysed in either alkaline lysis buffer (ALB) or proteinase K/SDS lysis buffer (PK). PCR amplification efficiencies were comparable between alkaline lysis and proteinase K lysis for PCR products spanning each of the three mutated loci (ΔF508 in CFTR 90% vs 88%; R650X in LAMA3 82% vs 78%; and Y71X in PKP1 91% vs 87%). While there was no appreciable difference between ADO rates between the two lysis buffers for the LAMA3 PCR product (25% vs 26%), there were significant differences in ADO rates between ALB and PK for the CFTR PCR product (0% vs 23%) and the PKP1 PCR product (8% vs 56%). Based on these results, we are currently using ALB in preference to PK/SDS buffer for the lysis of cells in clinical PGD. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农闲期城郊农田灌溉水中典型污染物含量与评价——以西北江三角洲为例

摸查了农田灌溉系统水环境经农（夏）闲期降水等外部强干预调理后的环境污染物含量——该值理论上是环境自净作用之后的最不利值,对农田灌溉系统水环境进行水质评价,探究其对农田土壤质量的潜在污染风险.于2019年6月中旬—7月下旬（降雨集中期）,分别在西北江三角洲城市（清远市、佛山市和江门市）实验基地周边筛选研究区,并在雨后对有覆水的水源区域、灌渠、蓄水池和田间水等采集上覆水,共采得水样27×2份,对其pH值、悬浮物（SS）、矿化度、总磷（TP）、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）、Cd、As、Pb、Cu和Zn的含量进行检测;对各研究区pH值、SS的成因和影响,矿化度的等级,重金属均值分布等进行分析;对全样品TP、NH₄⁺-N、重金属含量进行Pearson相关性分析和描述性特征分析;通过单因子水质标识指数P_i和综合水质标识指数P分别对各采样点、各构成项目和各研究区进行水质评价.研究发现雨后农田灌溉系统水环境构成复杂,物质呈无显著性差异的迁移,灌溉沿程上覆水中大部分物质可能处于动态平衡,受局部环境影响变小,TP、NH₄⁺-N和重金属等迁移物质主要还是灌溉水体中原有的,受外力驱动扰动后在水动力作用下可能以氮磷结合形态沿灌溉系统发生远距离迁移;使用河流水质标识指数法评价农田灌溉系统水环境,发现该法可以刻画局部灌溉的水质态势,对农田灌溉系统水环境的含量特征评价做出科学、合理的解释,也可以做出综合性定量评价.虽然灌溉水系统结构差异较大,但是从整体上可以初步得出农闲期西北江三角洲农田灌溉水的灌溉风险不高的结论,总体综合水质评价级别为Ⅰ类~Ⅱ类,达到水环境功能区的使用要求.     

电絮凝净化含聚污水影响因素研究

目的为保障油田正常安全生产,促进油田含聚污水的循环利用。方法采用电絮凝技术单因素研究方法开展净化含聚污水的静态实验研究,探讨外加电流密度、极板间距、初始pH及聚合物浓度等因素对净化效果的影响规律。结果当初始pH为7.0,电流密度为4.0 m A/m2,极板间距为1.0 cm,电解16 min时,综合处理效果最佳。此时,含油量与浊度去除率分别为98.85%,99.93%,处理每克油平均消耗为0.0494 g的Al,处理每立方米含聚污水的能耗为0.2895 k Wh。污水中的聚合物浓度越小,净化效果越好。结论中性处理,极板间距为1.0 cm,外加电流密度为4.0 m A/m2,通电16 min是最佳处理条件。     

磁场对酪氨酸酶活性及其催化降解酚类有机物影响的研究

研究了恒磁场对酪氨酸酶(TYR)活性及其催化降解酚类有机物的影响.结果显示,不同磁场强度(10～350 mT)处理下TYR酶活性均有提高,最佳磁场强度150mT下酶活力提高了27.1%.不同磁化时间下TYR酶活都有上升,但磁化60min后酶活上升幅度有所下降.酶经磁场处理后对温度、pH值稳定性增强,在温度为20～35 ℃、pH为5.0～10.0时均能保持较高活性,最佳温度为25℃,最佳pH为7.0;磁化后TYR酶的Michaelis常数Km为3.83 mmol·L-1,未磁化的Michaelis常数Km为2.65 mmol·L-1.磁场作用可促进TYR对酚类有机物邻苯二酚、苯酚、2,4-二氯酚的转化,反应速度依次递减,磁化处理对邻苯二酚反应的促进作用尤其明显;磁化处理后的酶对不同浓度苯酚和2,4-二氯酚的去除率均明显高于未磁化处理的酶,且随着酶用量增加,酚去除率提高.荧光发射光谱分析表明,磁化酪氨酸酶的荧光强度增强,构像发生了变化.     

4-氯苯酚在水溶液中的光化学反应(Ⅰ)单线态氧和自由基的产生

在模拟太阳光照射下，４氯苯酚（４ＣＰ）浓度迅速降低，反应过程对应着产生大量的单线态氧和自由基．金属离子Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋能够加速这一过程，尤以Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋的影响更明显；在模拟太阳光照射下，向４ＣＰ体系加入的富里酸（ＦＡ），对４ＣＰ浓度降低略起抑制作用，这表明二者之间存在相互作用．但当再加入金属离子Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋后，能够加速４ＣＰ浓度降低，尤以Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋的影响更显著．     

海南琼北火山监测与研究

本文通过对海南琼北火山地区火山地质构造、地震活动背景分析，阐明了以马鞍岭——雷虎岭火山为代表的历史喷发形式、构造类型、岩浆流的范围以及流向，论述了琼北火山是一个较典型的城市火山，是一个处于休眠状态的具有喷发危险的火山，并通过国内外火山活动监测与分析方法的对比，确定海南琼北火山活动监测、应急措施与对策。     

铜离子冲击下活性污泥微生物多样性的分子生态学分析

采用基于 16SrDNA序列分析方法 ,在长度多态 (LPM)和 16SrDNA的GC含量二维水平分析了受重金属污染的活性污泥系统内细菌的优势种类和多样性 .设计的PCR引物可以将细菌分为三大类 :即 1)proteobacterialα&δ(变形杆菌α&δ) ,2 )pro teobacterialβ&γ(变形杆菌 β&γ) ,以及 3)flexibacter(屈桡杆菌 )和革兰氏阳性菌 .分析了未受重金属驯化和受重金属驯化的两类活性污泥系统在重金属作用下优势种和多样性的变化 ,结果显示未驯化的活性污泥系统多样性减少但优势种的变化微小 ,而驯化系统优势种有较大的变化 ,但多样性基本不变 .这一结果证实驯化有助于提高微生物对重金属的抗性     

Turnover mechanisms of organic conformation on turbidity in drinking water

The turbidity variation in artificial water and samples from a water plant was investigated in the presence of organics with different relative molecular mass. The results show that recessive turbidity existed when water chemical conditions were changing. The formation of turbidity depended on organic relative molecular mass and their conformations on particles. At higher pH and lower ionic strength, the organic chains with a more extended conformation resulted in rising turbidity of the suspension. At lower pH, the reconformation of organics took place due to charge neutralization by the proton, resulting in a decline in turbidity. The addition of NaCl and MgCl₂ at pH 7.00 also resulted in a decrease of turbidity in the suspension. It is believed that the occurrence of recessive turbidity has a significant influence on the stability of water supply quality.