Polarographic investigations on the complexation of cadmium and zinc by thiol peptides

Complex formation of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with thiol derivatives has been investigated by differential pulse polarography. The binding of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with cysteine (CySH), glutathione (GSH) and the model peptide N‐acetyl‐cysteine‐methylamide (ASH) reveals different stoichiometry. Thus, Cd²⁺ forms 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with CySH while 1:2 and 1:4 complexes have been observed with GSH and ASH, respectively. Overall formation constants of Cd²⁺ with CySH (Iogβ ₂ 15.3) and with GSH (Iogβ5₂ 14.4) have been estimated using competitive complexation with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). Investigation of competition between Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ for the thiol complexation has underlined the role played by the amino group in CySH for the stabilization of Zn complexes in contrary to Cd complexes.     

Arsenic speciation for the phytoremediation by the Chinese brake fern, Pteris vittata

Arsenic (As) speciation for the phytoremediation by the Chinese brake fern was studied. In particular, the mechanism of how plants induce compounds containing thiol (SH) and proteins by As exposure in terms of the relationship between As and phosphate uptaken into plant cells was examined. Pteris vittata callus could efficiently reduce As(V) to As(III) by the rapid introduction of reductase and synthesize thiols leading to phytochelatins production. Furthermore, Pteris vittata could control phosphate concentration in the cells corresponding to the concentration of arsenite and arsenate. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to show the mechanisms of such high As tolerance of Pteris vittata using their callus in terms of in vitro approach for the analysis of As speciation and metabolism route.     

血清对Hela细胞内硫醇浓度和甲醛诱导性DNA-蛋白质交联（DPC）的影响

吸入性甲醛如何将其遗传毒性从呼吸器官经血液转移全身?这是揭示"甲醛致白血病"这个科学问题的关键.以新生牛血清(NBS)为"模拟血液",以Hela细胞为实验材料,采用体外甲醛染毒实验,研究了培养基血清对细胞内硫醇浓度,以及对甲醛诱导性DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)的影响.结果表明,当培养基中未添加血清时,250μmol·L-1甲醛仅引起较低水平的交联效应,同时细胞内硫醇浓度水平也较低;而加入1%和10%新生牛血清以后,甲醛诱导的DPC均显著上升(p<0.01,p<0.05),同时细胞内硫醇浓度水平也显著上升(p<0.05,p<0.01).培养基中新生牛血清能够再生Hela细胞内的硫醇,同时促进细胞DPC的形成.这可能为理解甲醛远距离毒性,解释吸入甲醛是否能导致白血病提供了基础.     

Influence of arsenic stress on synthesis and localization of low-molecular-weight thiols in Pteris vittata

The roles of low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWTs), such as glutathione and phytochelatins, in arsenic (As) tolerance and hyperaccumulation in Pteris vittata an As-hyperaccumulator fern remain to be better understood. This study aimed to thoroughly characterize LMWT synthesis in P. vittata to understand the roles played by LMWTs in As tolerance and hyperaccumulation. LMWT synthesis in P. vittata was induced directly by As, and not by As-mediated oxidative stress. Expression of PvECS2, one of the putative genes of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γECS), increases in P. vittata shoots at 48 h after the onset of As exposure, almost corresponding to the increase in the concentrations of γ-glutamylcysteine and glutathione. Furthermore, localization of As showed similar trends to those of LMWTs in fronds at both whole-frond and cellular levels. This study thus indicates the specific contribution of LMWTs to As tolerance in P. vittata. γECS may be responsible for the As-induced enhancement of LMWT synthesis.     

Effect of humic acids on physicochemical property and Cd(II) sorption of multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Zinc pyrithione is used as an antifouling agent. However, the environmental impacts of zinc pyrithione have recently been of concern. Zinc induces diverse actions during oxidative stress; therefore, we examined the effect of zinc pyrithione on rat thymocytes suffering from oxidative stress using appropriate fluorescent probes. The cytotoxicity of zinc pyrithione was not observed when the cells were incubated with 3 μM zinc pyrithione for 3 h. However, zinc pyrithione at nanomolar concentrations (10 nM or more) significantly increased the lethality of cells suffering from oxidative stress induced by 3 mM H₂O₂. The application of zinc pyrithione alone at nanomolar concentrations increased intracellular Zn²⁺ level and the cellular content of superoxide anions, and decreased the cellular content of nonprotein thiols. The simultaneous application of nanomolar zinc pyrithione and micromolar H₂O₂ synergistically increased the intracellular Zn²⁺ level. Therefore, zinc pyrithione at nanomolar concentrations may exert severe cytotoxic action on cells simultaneously exposed to chemicals that induce oxidative stress. If so, zinc pyrithione leaked from antifouling materials into surrounding environments would be a risk factor for aquatic ecosystems. Alternatively, zinc pyrithione under conditions of oxidative stress may become more potent antifouling ingredient.     

Effects of repeated fumonisin B1 exposure on markers of oxidative stress in liver,kidneys, and lungs of C57BL/6 mice

Abstract

Fu monisin B₁ (FB₁) is a mycotoxin commonly found in maize and maize-based products. Ingestion of FB₁-contaminated causes a myriad of dose- and species-dependent toxic effects to human and animal health. In the present study we evaluated the effects of FB₁ (8?mg/kg, i.p. for 4?days) on body weight and oxidative stress parameters in the liver, kidney and lung of C57BL/6 male mice. No changes in the organ-to-body weight ratio, organ-to-adrenal gland weight ratio or organ-to-brain weight ratio were found. On the other hand, FB₁ exposure increased NPSH levels in liver and lungs whereas decreased FRAP content in liver and kidneys. Levels of TBARS, ascorbic acid and NOx content were not altered by FB₁. In summary, four days of FB₁ exposure are sufficient to disrupt antioxidant defenses in liver, kidneys and lungs of C57BL/6 male mice without concomitant changes in organs weight.     

Arsenic speciation for the phytoremediation by the Chinese brake fern, Pteris vittata

Arsenic(As)speciation for the phytoremediation by the Chinese brake fern was studied.In particular,the mechanism of how plants induce compounds containing thiol(SH)and proteins by As exposure in terms of the relationship between As and phosphate uptaken into plant cells was examined.Pteris vittata callus could effciently reduce As(V)to As(III)by the rapid introduction of reductase and synthesize thiols leading to phytochelatins production.Furthermore,Pteris vittata could control phosphate concentration in t...     

天然和巯基改性沸石吸附水溶液中重金属Hg^2＋的特征研究

为了提高沸石对汞的吸附性,利用半胱胺盐酸盐对天然斜发沸石进行改性,制得巯基改性沸石。研究了吸附剂用量、pH值、温度、Hg^2＋浓度和吸附时间对沸石和巯基改性沸石吸附Hg^2＋的影响,并进一步研究了吸附机理。结果表明,巯基改性沸石吸附Hg^2＋受pH值、温度的影响较小,吸附机制主要是沸石表面的硫与Hg^2＋的化学反应。而天然沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附主要是离子交换作用,受温度、pH值等的影响较大,随温度的升高吸附量下降。整个吸附过程以较快的速度进行。天然沸石在吸附时间为1h、巯基改性沸石在0．5h时基本达到吸附平衡。吸附条件试验和Langmuir等温吸附模型都表明,巯基改性沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附能力得到了很大的提高,吸附容量由8．06mg／g提高到19．88mg／g,提高了146．65％。     

改性蒙脱土对稻田土壤甲基汞的阻控修复

采用3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和壳聚糖对蒙脱土进行改性,利用XRD技术对改性蒙脱土进行表征,并通过室内模拟试验,探讨在不同的水分条件下,巯基蒙脱土和壳聚糖蒙脱土对甲基汞污染土壤的阻控修复效果.XRD分析结果显示,巯基和壳聚糖都成功负载于蒙脱土上.模拟试验结果表明,在甲基汞污染土壤中添加修复材料后,对土壤甲基汞均产生了较好的阻控修复效果.对比空白对照,在淹水条件下,土壤中甲基汞含量分别降低了82. 10%(巯基蒙脱土)和45. 20%(壳聚糖蒙脱土);在干湿交替条件下,土壤中甲基汞含量分别降低了66. 70%(巯基蒙脱土)和49. 79%(壳聚糖蒙脱土);在干旱条件下,土壤中甲基汞含量降低了44. 66%(巯基蒙脱土),添加壳聚糖蒙脱土4周后,土壤甲基汞含量降低了54. 37%.相比单加改性蒙脱土,联合添加改性蒙脱土和石灰处理后其修复效果没有明显提升.     

巯基功能化沸石吸附Hg2+特征及固化/稳定化含汞废物研究

采用3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷在天然斜发沸石表面进行自组装巯基改性,制得巯基功能化沸石.研究了吸附剂用量、pH值、温度、Hg2+浓度和吸附时间对巯基功能化沸石吸附Hg2+的影响,测定了巯基含量,并进一步研究了吸附机理.同时,探讨了巯基功能化沸石吸附剂作为稳定化剂固化/稳定化含汞危险废物的可行性.结果表明,巯基功能化沸石具有较高的巯基含量（1.91%±0.01%）,对Hg2+的吸附容量为87.72 mg·g-1,比天然沸石对Hg2+的吸附容量（8.06 mg·g-1）提高了近10倍.巯基功能化沸石吸附Hg2+的机制主要是表面的巯基与Hg2+的反应,其受pH值、温度的影响小于天然沸石.动力学实验结果表明,巯基功能化沸石吸附Hg2+以较快的速率进行,3h时基本达到吸附平衡.巯基功能化沸石做稳定化剂能够促进汞的稳定,与单独使用水泥相比固化体浸出汞浓度显著降低,含汞1000 mg·kg-1的模拟废物固化体浸出汞浓度低于国家标准.