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排序方式: 共有145条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
51.
Ian D. Leith Lucy J. Sheppard David Fowler J. Neil Cape Matt Jones Alan Crossley Ken J. Hargreaves Y. Sim Tang Mark Theobald Mark R. Sutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(6):207-218
Providing an accurate estimate of the dry component of N deposition to low N background, semi-natural habitats, such as bogs and upland moors dominated by Calluna vulgaris is difficult, but essential to relate nitrogen deposition to effects in these communities. To quantify the effects of NH3 inputs to moorland vegetation growing on a bog at a field scale, a field release NH3 fumigation system was established at Whim Moss (Scottish Borders) in 2002. Gaseous NH3 from a line source was released along of a 60 m transect, when meteorological conditions (wind speed >2.5 m s–1 and wind direction in the sector 180–215°) were met, thereby providing a profile of decreasing NH3 concentration with distance from the source. In a complementary study, using a NH3 flux chamber system, the relationships between NH3 concentrations and cuticular resistances were quantified for a range of NH3 concentrations and micrometeorological conditions for moorland vegetation. Cuticular resistances increased with NH3 concentration from 11 s m–1 at 3.0 g m–3 to 30 s m–1 at 30 g m–3. The NH3 concentration data and the concentration-dependent canopy resistance are used to calculate NH3 deposition taking into account leaf surface wetness. The implications of using an NH3 concentration-dependent cuticular resistance and the importance for refining critical loads are discussed. 相似文献
52.
Natarajan Velmurugan Grim Hwang Muthuswamy Sathishkumar Tae Kie Choi Kui-Jae Lee Byung-Taek Oh Yang-Soo Lee 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(7):1049-1056
A heavy metal contaminated soil sample collected from a mine in Chonnam Province of South Korea was found to be a source
of heavy metal adsorbing biosorbents. Chemical analyses showed high contents of lead (Pb) at 357 mg/kg and cyanide (CN) at 14.6
mg/kg in the soil. The experimental results showed that Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was the best lead resistant fungus among the four
individual metal tolerant fungal species isolated from the soil. Molecular characterization of Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was determined
using ITS regions sequences. E ects of pH, temperature and contact time on adsorption of Pb(II) by Penicillium sp. MRF-1 were
studied. Favorable conditions for maximum biosportion were found at pH 4 with 3 hr contact time. Biosorption of Pb(II) gradually
increased with increasing temperature. E cient performance of the biosorbent was described using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
Adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. Biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF-1 showed
the maximum desorption in alkali conditions. Consistent adsorption/desorption potential of the biosorbent in repetitive cycles validated
the e cacy of it in large scale. SEM studies given notes on surface modification of fungal biomass under metal stress and FT-IR results
showed the presence of amino groups in the surface structure of the biosorbent. In conclusion, the new biosorbent Penicillium sp.
MRF-1 may potentially be used as an inexpensive, easily cultivatable material for the removal of lead from aqueous solution. 相似文献
53.
Rehman Shafiqur Natarajan Narayanan Mohandes Mohamed A. Meyer Joshua P. Alam Md Mahbub Alhems Luai M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(57):85842-85854
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of this work is to understand the fluctuating nature of wind speed characteristics on different time scales and to find the long-term... 相似文献
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Manufacturing firms are striving to improve their sustainable performance in order to satisfy multiple stakeholders. Eco-innovation is a promising approach that decreases environmental impact and helps firms to increase their business value. There are several antecedents which help the firms to innovate and improve their triple bottom line performance. Among the antecedents, management and innovative practices are directly related to eco-innovation. It is not well known what practices and innovations help the firms to eco-innovate as well as to improve sustainable performance. Hence, the research objective of this paper is to identify the suitable combination of management and innovative practices that help firms to eco-innovate as well as to achieve overall sustainable performance. The paper develops an eco-innovation conceptual model which relates the management and innovative practices (antecedents) and overall sustainable performance (consequences) of eco-innovation using institutional theory. Using Indian manufacturing sector’s empirical data and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach, this paper determines the effect of eco-innovation’s antecedents and consequences. In the Indian context, this study suggests that the role of management practice is more significant towards eco-innovation than innovative practices. The results reflect practitioners’ view on how to increase innovation rate and to focus more on social aspects. The finding suggests that training on environmental related practices could tackle innovation and social aspects in the Indian manufacturing sector context. 相似文献
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Williamson K Gilbert L Rutstein AN Pariser EC Graves JA 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(12):1143-1148
Reproduction in opportunistically breeding bird species has traditionally been considered non-seasonal with individuals taking
advantage of favourable environmental conditions as they arise. However, some studies imply that this opportunistic breeding
may be superimposed on an underlying seasonality, which has effects on the readiness to breed when conditions are favourable.
The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) is the classic opportunistic breeder and widely used as such in studies. In a series of laboratory-based breeding experiments,
we found evidence to suggest that there are seasonal differences in maternal reproductive investment in the zebra finch even
when photoperiod, temperature, relative humidity and diet were held constant. Females showed highly significant seasonal differences
in clutch size and egg mass with laying order. Clutch size showed a spring/summer peak typical of multi-brooded species in
the wild. There was also a significant increase in egg mass with laying order in all seasons except winter. This variation
in breeding parameters with season may allow females to adjust investment depending on the potential fitness returns from
a given reproductive attempt. These findings also raise a warning about interpreting results of multiple zebra finch breeding
experiments that have been carried out in different seasons. 相似文献
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59.
Lucy E. Rose Geoffrey W. Heard Yung En Chee Brendan A. Wintle 《Conservation biology》2016,30(2):350-361
How should managers choose among conservation options when resources are scarce and there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of actions? Well‐developed tools exist for prioritizing areas for one‐time and binary actions (e.g., protect vs. not protect), but methods for prioritizing incremental or ongoing actions (such as habitat creation and maintenance) remain uncommon. We devised an approach that combines metapopulation viability and cost‐effectiveness analyses to select among alternative conservation actions while accounting for uncertainty. In our study, cost‐effectiveness is the ratio between the benefit of an action and its economic cost, where benefit is the change in metapopulation viability. We applied the approach to the case of the endangered growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis), which is threatened by urban development. We extended a Bayesian model to predict metapopulation viability under 9 urbanization and management scenarios and incorporated the full probability distribution of possible outcomes for each scenario into the cost‐effectiveness analysis. This allowed us to discern between cost‐effective alternatives that were robust to uncertainty and those with a relatively high risk of failure. We found a relatively high risk of extinction following urbanization if the only action was reservation of core habitat; habitat creation actions performed better than enhancement actions; and cost‐effectiveness ranking changed depending on the consideration of uncertainty. Our results suggest that creation and maintenance of wetlands dedicated to L. raniformis is the only cost‐effective action likely to result in a sufficiently low risk of extinction. To our knowledge we are the first study to use Bayesian metapopulation viability analysis to explicitly incorporate parametric and demographic uncertainty into a cost‐effective evaluation of conservation actions. The approach offers guidance to decision makers aiming to achieve cost‐effective conservation under uncertainty. 相似文献
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