水煤浆气化装置倒炉检修直接作业安全管理分析与建议

介绍了大型水煤浆气化装置倒炉检修特点,分析了倒炉检修期间直接作业环节安全管理与改进措施,提出未来安全管理建议,以实现倒炉检修直接作业安全。     

Prevention of surgical site infection under different ventilation systems in operating room environment

• The effectiveness of four different ventilation systems was compared in depth. • Airflow and bacteria-carrying particles concentration were quantitatively analyzed. • Vertical laminar airflow with high airflow rate could not achieve desired effect. • Temperature-controlled airflow ventilation could guarantee air cleanliness. Biological particles in the operating room (OR) air environment can cause surgical site infections (SSIs). Various ventilation systems have been employed in ORs to ensure an ultraclean environment. However, the effect of different ventilation systems on the control of bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs) released from the surgical staff during surgery is unclear. In this study, the performance of four different ventilation systems (vertical laminar airflow ventilation (VLAF), horizontal laminar airflow ventilation (HLAF), differential vertical airflow ventilation (DVAF), and temperature-controlled airflow ventilation (TAF)) used in an OR was evaluated and compared based on the spatial BCP concentration. The airflow field in the OR was solved by the Renormalization Group (RNG) k-e turbulence model, and the BCP phase was calculated by Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) and the discrete random walk (DRW) model. It was found that the TAF system was the most effective ventilation system among the four ventilation systems for ensuring air cleanliness in the operating area. This study also indicated that air cleanliness in the operating area depended not only on the airflow rate of the ventilation system but also on the airflow distribution, which was greatly affected by obstacles such as surgical lamps and surgical staff.     

生物炭固定化硫酸盐还原菌对Cd2+吸附及作用机制分析

分别在300、500、700℃下限氧热解稻草、小麦和玉米秸秆制备生物炭,并以制备的生物炭为载体固定化硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）,对比不同类型生物炭固定化SRB对Cd²⁺的吸附效果,筛选出吸附效果最佳的固定化SRB菌剂,并采用SEM、FTIR和BET对其进行表征分析;同时,研究溶液pH、吸附时间、生物炭添加量、Cd²⁺浓度对吸附效应的影响,并结合吸附动力学和等温吸附模型探究其对Cd²⁺的吸附过程及作用机理.结果表明,700℃限氧热解小麦秸秆生物炭固定化SRB菌剂（IBXM700）对Cd²⁺的吸附效果最佳;在pH=8、生物炭添加量为0.6 g（每50 mL溶液）、吸附时间为8 h、Cd²⁺初始浓度为40 mg·L^-1条件下,IBXM700对Cd²⁺的吸附效果最佳,其吸附符合拟一级动力学模型,以离子交换和表面物理吸附为主,以化学吸附作用为辅,且符合Langmuir模型,表明是单分子层吸附;离子交换、沉淀可能是IBXM700吸附Cd²⁺的主要机制,阳离子-π作用为次要机制.     

南昌市城市空气PM2.5和PM10时空变异特征及其与景观格局的关系

基于2013—2015年南昌市9个空气环境监测点的连续数据,分析了空气PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)质量浓度(以下简称浓度)的时空变异规律,并以景观格局指数为定量指标,研究了监测点的两种颗粒物浓度与其周边500 m半径、1000 m半径缓冲区的土地利用状况的关系.结果表明:(1)南昌市3年来PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度逐年显著降低.(2)通过聚类分析,9个监测站依据颗粒物污染可分为4大类,表现出一致的城乡梯度差异.(3)在斑块类型水平上,PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度与500、1000 m半径缓冲区的C-PLAND(建筑用地覆盖率)、C-SHDI(建筑用地多样性指数)显著正相关,与1000m缓冲区的F-ED(林地边界密度)显著正相关;与F-PLAND(林地覆盖率)、C-Fi(建筑用地分离度指数)、F-MPS(林地平均斑块面积)显著负相关.在景观水平上,PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度在500 m缓冲区与LPI(最大斑块所占景观比例)显著负相关;与1000 m缓冲区的MPS(平均斑块面积)显著负相关.景观格局指数直接反映土地利用状况,它与PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度的相关性,表现出生态学中典型的"源汇景观"关系.     

胶东地块在古生代的浮沉

胶东—京畿地块在古生代并非“铁板一块”。中泥盆一早石炭世,裂解再生临津江—烟南冒地槽带;中、晚石炭世,郯庐海湾仲入成“诸城海湾”,并可能有二叠纪沼泽盆地。中生代运动使胶东地块复杂化。     

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill e uent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product–palm oil mill e uent (POME), posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction e ciency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively.With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The high-quality e uent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.     

Nitrous oxide fluxes from upland soils in central Hokkaido, Japan

Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from soils were measured using the closed chamber method during the snow-free seasons (middle April to early November),for three years,in a total of 11 upland crop fields in central Hokkaido,Japan.The annual mean N2O fluxes ranged from 2.95 to 164.17 μgN/(m2·h),with the lowest observed in a grassland and the highest in an onion field.The instantaneous N2O fluxes showed a large temporal variation with peak emissions generally occurring following fertilization and heavy rainfall eve...     

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill effluent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product-palm oil mill effluent (POME), posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction efficiency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively. With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The high-quality effluent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.     

电凝聚气浮技术在废水处理中的应用

电凝聚气浮技术作为一种新技术已开始应用到实际的水处理工程。综述了电凝聚气浮技术处理效率的影响因素与其在实际中处理各种废水的研究进展,并指出了该技术存在的问题及解决方法。