无机阳离子对TiO2光催化降解染料的影响

考察了6种无机阳离子对P-25 TiO2光催化降解染料的影响，结果发现，Cu^2 ，Mn^2 和Ni^2 对光催化反应有强烈的抑制作用，Ca^2 ，Mg^2 和Al^3 对光催化反应速率无明显的负影响．经X光电能谱(XPS)的分析，确定锰离子以氧化物的形式沉积在氧化钛表面，使催化剂不可逆的中毒．Cu^2 和Ni^2 通过俘获光致电子导致催化活性降低。     

RAPD扩增中商品酶体系对扩增产物的影响

随机选用了10条RAPD引物，采用3种商品TapDNA聚合酶体系，以5个不同物种的动植物总DNA为模板，进行RAPD扩增，实验发现，在对同一模板、采用同一引物进行的RAPD扩增中，仅仅因为使用了不同的商品TaqDNA聚合酶，获得的扩增产物差别极大；不同商品来源的PCR反应缓冲体系，对扩增产物也有一定影响，但相对较小，这说明，不同的商品酶体系对RAPD扩增产物影响很大，因此，影响RAPD扩增产物稳定性的一个关键因素是商品TaqDNA聚合酶本身；研究中前后一致地使用同一商品TaqDNA聚合酶体系，是成功进行RAPD分析的基础。     

秋色叶树种在园林造景中的应用

秋色叶树种是园林造景中重要的观赏树种之一，我国秋色叶树木资源十分丰富，开发利用秋色叶树木资源对我国园林建设具有重要意义．作者分析了秋色叶树种内涵，主要树种的性状、特征、观赏价值及在我国自然秋色景观中的应用等，初步探讨了它们在城市园林造景中应用方式、应用前景，提出了秋色叶树种选择应用的原则及应注意的问题．     

长江上游典型区域丰枯转换期水资源变化分析

针对长江上游金沙江下游区域近几年6月和10月出现的较剧烈的水资源丰枯转换现象,以2018年金沙江下游来水过程作为研究案例,考虑金沙江下游流域来水组成及水利工程建设情况,从区间流量分析及上游水库群调蓄影响分析两方面开展了研究工作。研究结果表明:金沙江下游流域丰枯转换主要影响因素为三堆子流量变化,三堆子至溪洛渡区间流量变化影响较小。在6月,上游水库群调蓄对金沙江下游流域丰枯转换影响较大,10月影响相对较小。相关研究成果可为溪洛渡-向家坝梯级水库调度计划制订及实际调度工作提供参考。     

南京市城郊蔬菜生产基地有机氯农药残留特征

以网格法在南京市无公害蔬菜生产基地八卦洲采集70个土壤样品,用加速溶剂萃取、固相萃取柱净化后GC-μECD测定土壤中有机氯农药(α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH和δ-HCH以及o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDT,o,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDE 和p,p'-DDD)残留量.结果表明,土壤中有机氯农药残留总量在6.18～84.72 μg·kg-1之间,平均18.63 μg·kg-1.DDT残留量高于HCH,为3.36～74.19 μg·kg-1,平均12.61 μg·kg-1.土壤中HCH残留量为2.48～17.80 μg·kg-1,平均6.02 μg·kg-1.DDT同系物中以p,p'-DDE和p,p'-DDT为主,而HCH中δ-HCH含量较低,其他3种异构体含量水平相当.所有土样中DDT和HCH残留量均远远低于GB/T 18407 无公害蔬菜产地土壤标准限定值500 μg·kg-1,但大多数土样中DDT和HCH残留量远远高于荷兰无污染土壤标准.     

江苏规划高速公路网生态环境影响研究

以RS和GIS为基础，运用遥感信息提取、编制自然保护专题系列图、系列图与规划高速公路网叠加、缓冲分析、统计分析等方法，对江苏省规划高速公路网生态环境影响进行分析。规划的5纵9横6联线路中的9条，对127个不同类型保护区中的9个有影响。11个过江通道中的5个对沿江饮用水源保护地有影响。规划高速公路占用的土地中76．74％是基本农田。跨越太湖的沪宁复线将加重梅梁湾、五里湖的水质富营养化。针对上述问题，从保护生态环境的角度提出6大对策：避绕生态保护对象，修改跨太湖线路方案，合理规划穿越山地丘陵区的线路，减少平原区生态破坏，调整过江通道与饮用水源地的交叉关系，保护白鳍豚生存环境安全。     

外生菌根真菌接种和施磷对油松苗抗盐性的影响

采用3种不同的外生菌根真菌Boletus edulis、Xerocomus chrysenteron和Gomphidius viscidus，在山东东营盐渍土环境胁迫下，研究外生菌根真菌接种和施磷对油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)生长的影响及其可能机理。结果表明，接种和施磷都增加了油松植株的干质量，但施磷不如接种对植物生长的促进作用明显；接种外生菌根后，油松体内的K元素含量显著增加，而Na元素的含量没有明显变化，使得w(K)／w(Na)增加，从而改变了植株体内的离子平衡，减轻离子的毒害作用。而不是通过直接减少植物对Na的吸收来增加植物的抗盐性；同时，接种后外生菌根增加了油松对P的吸收，改善了盐渍土壤导致的植物营养亏缺，促进了植物在盐渍环境下的生长。     

煤矿区大气降尘饱和烃分布特征

煤矿区域粉尘较多,大气环境状况较差。应用GC-MS技术鉴定平顶山市石龙区降尘样品中饱和烃组分,分析其样品中正构烷烃的分布特征,并结合生物标志物参数解析其来源。结果表明,降尘样品中共鉴定出nC11～nC35正构烷烃、34种萜类化合物和18种甾烷化合物,还有二环倍半萜烷、烷基环己烷系列和丰富的姥鲛烷和植烷。正构烷烃碳数主要呈三峰态和双峰态分布,其碳优势指数CPI值分布在1.45～3.78之间。生物标志物参数C29甾烷20S/(20S 20R)值范围是0.34～0.40,C31霍烷22S/(22S 22R)值范围是0.54～0.59。由正构烷烃碳数分布特征和植物蜡碳数Cn(wax)分布特征、以及CPI值、甾烷和萜烷标志物参数值等分析认为,石龙区降尘饱和烃具有自然源与人为源双重来源。煤的普遍存在与其开采、加工活动密集是其最大的人为来源,而较明显的生物来源则可能为生物质碎屑或磨脱颗粒,或者是由于粗大的大气颗粒物易富集生物源正构烷烃所致。     

Environmental Impacts of a Secondary Lead Smelter in Landskrona, Southern Sweden

Scandinavia has one secondary lead smelter that recycles lead from approximately 85% of used car batteries in Scandinavia and which has been active since the 1940s. The smelter, situated in Landskrona, has undergone a comprehensive clean up programme during the last decade, during which time production has doubled, while at the same time discharges of dust and lead to the atmosphere have decreased.Top and depth soil samples were taken on a 0.5km×0.5Km grid throughout the city of Landskrona, which covers an area of approximately 15km². Samples were analysed by ICPAES for a number of elements including Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Sb and Hg. Road dust samples from selected sites were collected and similarly analysed. Blood samples were taken from 37 volunteer schoolchildren (aged 8–11) from two schools in Landskrona. House dust samples were taken from each child's home. Soil samples were taken from homes which had gardens, public and school play areas. Elevated heavy metal concentrations were found in close proximity to the secondary lead smelter, and this soil enrichment influences the whole of the town, modified to some extent by the prevailing wind. The smelter does not influence the soil lead concentration at distances greater than 3.5km, where the soil reflects the background value for the area.Road dust samples also show decreases in lead concentrations with distance from the smelter. The average level of lead in house dust was considerably lower than that found in Birmingham, UK. Blood lead levels in the child population ranged from 1.5–5.1gdl^–1, with a mean of 3.05gdl^–1, showing a distinct decrease from those measured in 1978–82. No significant difference in blood lead concentrations with distance of the home from the smelter, nor between attenders at the two schools was revealed in the limited number of children studied.     

Assessment of groundwater contamination using geographic information systems

In this study two sites were selected in order to investigate groundwater contamination and spatial relationships among groundwater quality, topography, geology, landuse and pollution sources. One site is the Asan area, an agricultural district where pollution sources are scattered and which is mainly underlain by granite of Cretaceous age. The other site is the Gurogu area of Seoul city, an industrial district where an industrial complex and residential areas are located and which is mainly underlain by gneiss of Precambrian age. Groundwater samples collected from these districts were analysed for chemical constituents. An attribute value files of chemical constituents of groundwater and the spatial data layers were constructed and pollution properties were investigated to establish out spatial relationships between the groundwater constituents and pollution sources using geographic information systems (GIS).Relatively high contents of Si and HCO₃ ^– in the groundwater from the Asan area reflect the effect of water–rock interaction whereas high contents of Cl^–, NO₃ ^– and Ca²⁺ in the groundwater from the Gurogu area are due to the pollution of various sources. The significant seasonal variation of SiO₂, HCO₂ ^– and Ca²⁺ contents, and that of Ca²⁺ content were observed in the Asan and the Gurogu areas, respectively. Seasonal variation of pollutants such as Cl^–, NO₃ ^– and SO₄ ^2– was not observed in either area. Pollution over the critical level of the Korean drinking water standard has been investigated from 15 sampling sites out of 40 in the Asan area, and 33 sampling sites out of 51 in the Gurogu area. Pollution by NO₃ ^–, Cl^–, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, SO₄ ^2– and Zn²⁺ in the groundwater from the industrial district (Gurogu area) and that of NO₃ , SO₄ ^2– and Zn²⁺ in the groundwater from the agricultural district (Asan area) were observed. The principal pollutant in both areas is NO₃ ^–. Deep groundwater from the Asan area is not yet contaminated with NO₃ ^– except for one site, but most of the shallow groundwater site occurring near the potential point sources is seriously contaminated. From the result of buffering analysis, it seems clear that factories and stock farms are the principal pollution sources in the Asan area. The groundwater from the Gurogu area has already been seriously polluted considering the fact of NO₃ ^– contamination of deep groundwater. Chlorine pollution of shallow groundwater in the Gurogu area was also observed. Spatial relationship between pollution level and its source was clarified in this study by using GIS, which will be applicable to the effective management of groundwater quality.