酸性橙7在PbO2/Ti和IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti电极上的电催化氧化

采用PbO2/Ti和IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti电极对酸性橙7(AO7)模拟废水进行了电解处理实验研究。考察了2种电极上不同电流密度条件下AO7的去除率、反应动力学、COD去除效果及瞬时电流效率,结果表明,在相同条件下,PbO2/Ti电极表现出更好的处理效率、更适合用于AO7的矿化。循环伏安(CV)曲线表明,PbO2/Ti电极具有更高的析氧电位且在AO7电解液中出现了氧化峰,说明PbO2/Ti电极对AO7具有更好的催化活性和直接氧化能力。紫外可见光谱对比分析表明,IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti电极对AO7的结构破坏速度缓慢且伴随苯胺等中间产物产生,对AO7的矿化程度弱。对比结果说明PbO2/Ti电极更适合于偶氮类染料废水的电催化氧化处理。     

UASBB-两段接触氧化处理规模化猪场废水的中试研究

研究了中试上流式厌氧污泥床生物膜反应器(UASBB)-两段生物接触氧化(BCO)处理规模化猪场废水工艺。结果表明,经过227 d运行,UASBB中成功地实现了同步厌氧氨氧化甲烷化反硝化;两段BCO经45 d成功地挂膜,并控制一段BCO池DO 1.4~1.8 mg/L,实现短程硝化积累NO-2-N;耦合UASBB和两段BCO,回流一段BCO的NO-2-N,确定最佳外回流比为300%;COD负荷达2.81 kg/(m3·d),中试系统对规模化猪场二级沼液、一级沼液、原水COD的去除率分别为94.7%、93%和96.9%,TN负荷达0.487 kg/(m3·d),去除率分别为84.1%、82.8%和84.7%,NH+4-N负荷达0.293 kg/(m3·d),去除率分别为92%、92.9%和88.5%;出水水质符合《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB 18596-2001)。     

Assessment of long-range transport potential of polychlorinated Naphthalenes based on three-dimensional QSAR models

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Experimentally determined octanol–air partition coefficients (K OA) for 43 polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners and experimentally...     

3种毒性预测模型在镉对小麦根毒性预测中的应用及比较

一些基于重金属形态的生物毒性机理模型被广泛应用于水体和陆生生态系统,例如:自由离子活度模型(FIAM)、生物配体模型(BLM)和生物膜电势斯特恩双电层模型(GCSM),但不同模型的应用效果之间还缺乏系统比较。本研究选取小麦作为受试生物,采用水培实验进行了镉对小麦根伸长的毒性测试,通过数据分析软件对实验数据进行非线性拟合,分别建立了3种模型,并从根毒性、根表面吸附镉和根中富集镉3个方面对3个模型的预测能力进行了比较。除此之外,选取苹果酸和柠檬酸2种有机配体,研究了配体对镉生物毒性的影响。结果表明,Ca~(2+)和H~+对Cd的根毒性存在竞争效应,而Mg~(2+)、K~+和Na~+未发现竞争效应。由于BLM模型同时考虑了镉的自由离子态浓度和竞争离子的影响,在预测镉对杨麦13号根毒性和生物体内富集量时效果最好。而FIAM和GCSM模型由于计算中仅考虑了离子活度的影响,缺乏对竞争离子保护效应的考虑,因此预测效果相对较差;此外,Cd对小麦根毒性的主要受扩散过程控制,而非跨膜过程,这可能也是FIAM模型和GCSM模型预测不佳的原因之一。同时结果还发现有机配体存在时尽管降低了溶液中镉的离子活度,但未显著影响镉毒性,进一步证明了扩散过程对Cd毒性的影响。以上结果为评价和预测镉的陆生生态毒性提供了基础数据和模型依据。     

曝气扰动对泥水界面硝化-反硝化性能的影响

采用自制河道模拟装置,探讨了曝气扰动深度为10、15、25和35 cm时泥水界面硝化-反硝化的耦合性能,目的为曝气治理黑臭河道装置的优化实施和解决"氮超标"难题提供参考。结果表明,随扰动深度增加,泥水界面紊动程度呈现先下降后增加的趋势,其中泥水界面处扰动深度为10 cm时流态最激烈(Re为3 044),扰动深度为25 cm时流态最平缓(Re为1 713);与静止对照工况对比,曝气扰动促进了NH+4-N的硝化转化,4种曝气条件稳定时上覆水氨氮浓度都在0.50mg/L以下,表明曝气有利于对底泥释放氨氮的控制;复氧速率与硝化速率随扰动深度的增加而减小;从总氮的控制角度来看,曝气扰动深度为25 cm时最有利于硝化-反硝化作用的耦合,上覆水总氮削减率达到51.5%,泥水界面硝化率与反硝化率分别达到(41.6±3.1)%和(32.1±0.7)%。     

浓缩脱水污泥水混凝预处理效果及混凝剂的选择

以白龙港污水处理厂浓缩脱水污泥水为处理对象,考察了聚合氯化铝(PAC)对污泥水颗粒物沉降特性和污染物去除效果的影响,比较了PAC、聚合氯化铁(PFC)、阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(cPAM)和阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(aPAM)对浓缩脱水污泥水的预处理效果。实验结果表明,PAC的投加可以去除颗粒态污染物和溶解态的磷,但其形成絮体粒径随PAC投加量增大而减小,导致污泥沉降性能恶化。因此,PAC不适合浓缩脱水污泥水的混凝预处理。与PAC相比,投加PFC、cPAM和aPAM均能有效去除颗粒态污染物,并改善污泥水沉降性能,其中cPAM的预处理效果最佳。     

Degradation of sulfonamides during anaerobic composting of swine manure

Residual antibiotics in manure pose a potential threat to public and ecological health as a result of the application of manure from animals treated with antibiotics to land. The environmental fate of sulfonamides (SAs) in swine manure after composting and field application remains largely unknown. We studied the degradation of the antibiotics sulfadiazine (SD), sulfathiazole (ST), and sulfamethazine (SM2) during anaerobic composting. We tested the effects of temperature and antibiotic concentration on degradation rates. We also evaluated the changes in pH, moisture, and biological degradation material in manure spiked with SAs and in a control. Results showed that the 3 SAs decreased by between 52.31% and 90.30% in all 9 treatments following 14 days of anaerobic composting, and the highest removal efficiencies were observed at a temperature of 35°C and initial concentrations of 6.03, 6.48, and 6.32?µg/g of SD, ST, and SM2, respectively, which were degraded by 90.30%, 85.78%, and 75.18%. Removal efficiencies for all SAs correlated well with moisture and biological degradation material of the manure. These results indicate that composting may be a practical and effective way to reduce concentrations of these three SAs in swine manure prior to its land application.     

Socioeconomic constraints on the technological choices in rural sewage treatment

Technological innovation is one of the potential engines to mitigate environmental pollution. However, the implementation of new technologies sometimes fails owing to socioeconomic constraints from different stakeholders. Thus, it is essential to analyze constraints of environmental technologies in order to build a pathway for their implementation. In this study, taking three technologies on rural sewage treatment in Hangzhou, China as a case study, i.e., wastewater treatment plant (WTP), constructed wetland (CW), and biogas system, we analyzed how socioeconomic constraints affect the technological choices. Results showed that socioeconomic constraints play a key role through changing the relative opportunity cost of inputs from government as compared to that of residents to deliver the public good—sewage treatment—under different economic levels. Economic level determines the technological choice, and the preferred sewage treatment technologies change from biogas system to CW and further to WTP along with the increase of economic level. Mismatch of technological choice and economic level results in failures of rural sewage treatment, e.g., the CW only work well in moderately developed regions in Hangzhou. This finding expands the environmental Kuznets law by introducing the coproduction theory into analysis (i.e., inputs from both government and residents are essential for the delivery of public goods and services such as good environmental quality). A match between technology and socioeconomic conditions is essential to the environmental governance.

     

La-EDTA coated Fe3O4 nanomaterial: Preparation and application in removal of phosphate from water

La-EDTA-Fe3O4 was prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method. The magnetic composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the adsorption properties of La-EDTA-Fe3O4 toward phosphate in water were investigated. The uptake rate of phosphate in water by La-EDTA-Fe3O4 was 3-1000 times than that of EDTA-Fe3O4 , and reached 97.8% at 7 hr. The adsorption process agreed well with the Freundlich model and kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of phosphate proceeds according to pseudo second-order adsorption kinetics. The maximum removal rate was achieved at pH 6.0-7.0. The La-EDTA-Fe3O4 had good adsorption properties and could be separated well from aqueous solution by a permanent magnet. Therefore, this nanomaterial has potential application for the removal of phosphate from large water bodies.