金属丝网对甲烷/空气预混火焰管道内传播的影响

为研究管道内金属丝网对甲烷/空气预混火焰传播的影响，通过实验和三维数值模拟研究安装金属丝网的管道内火焰传播特性以及流场、温度场的变化。结果表明:40目4层的金属丝网可以使火焰淬熄，30目4层的金属丝网无法淬熄，但可以使火焰停滞3 ms；大涡模型可以很好地对管道内火焰淬熄现象进行模拟；当火焰穿过30目4层金属丝网时，速度增大，在Kelvin Helmholtz不稳定和Rayleigh Taylor不稳定的耦合作用下形成湍流；金属丝网的目数会影响热量在丝网层中的扩散，当金属丝网为30目4层时，火焰热量扩散快，而当金属丝网为40目4层时，火焰热量扩散慢且温度大幅度衰减，衰减率达到83%。     

Impact of human activities on coastal groundwater pollution in the Yang-Dai River plain,northern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Overexploitation of groundwater has resulted in seawater intrusion in many semiarid and arid coastal areas. This study illustrates the origin of...     

基于Landsat多光谱与PALSAR/PALSAR-2数据的汉江流域森林覆盖变化研究

汉江流域是南水北调中线工程的水源地,森林覆盖对于保障水源地生态安全具有重要作用.为监测汉江流域2007～2017年森林变化情况,以Landsat多光谱数据与ALOS(Advanced Land Observation Satellite)雷达遥感数据为基础,在GooSe Earth Engine平台上对数据进行处理分析,根据区域特点,选取9个特征指数,利用随机森林分类算法,提取2007和2017年森林分布,监测汉江流域森林覆盖变化.结果 表明:结合Landsat多光谱数据与ALOS雷达遥感数据的分类精度最高,2007年森林分类整体精度为98.0％,2017年森林分类整体精度为98.6％,精度明显高于单独使用Landsat多光谱数据或ALOS雷达数据的森林分类结果;2007 ～ 2017年十年间汉江流域森林面积增加了5 653.21 km2;森林呈现增多的区域主要分布在河南省的西峡县、南召县和丹江口水库附近,而森林呈现减少的区域在荆门市、十堰市和汉中市附近区域.     

Distribution,source, and environmental risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in water,suspended particulate matter,and sediment of a typical Yangtze River Delta City,China

Phthalates (PAEs) in drinking water sources such as the Yangtze River in developing countries had aroused widespread concern. Here, the water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples were collected from 15 sites in wet and dry seasons in Zhenjiang, for the determination of six PAEs (DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, and DOP) using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) or ultrasonic extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total concentrations of six PAEs (Σ₆PAEs) spanned a range of 2.65–39.31 μg L^?1 in water, 1.97–34.10 μg g^?1 in SPM, and 0.93–34.70 μg g^?1 in sediment. The partition coefficients (K_d1) of PAEs in water and SPM phase ranged from 0.004 to 3.36 L g^?1 in the wet season and from 0.12 to 2.84 L g^?1 in the dry season. K_d2 of PAEs in water and sediment phase was 0.001–9.75 L g^?1 in the wet season and 0.006–8.05 L g^?1 in the dry season. The dominant PAEs were DIBP, DBP, and DEHP in water and SPM, DIBP, DEHP, and DOP in sediment. The concentration of DBP in water exceeded the China Surface Water Standard. The discharge of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater might be the main potential sources of PAEs. The risk quotient (RQ) method used for the risk assessment revealed that DBP (0.01 < RQ < 1) posed a medium risk, while DIBP and DEHP (RQ > 1) posed a high environmental risk in water, DIBP (RQ > 1) also showed a high risk in sediment.

     

Levels and distribution of Dechloranes in sediments of Lake Taihu,China

The occurrence and spatial distribution of dechloranes including mirex, dechlorane plus (DP), dechlorane (Dec) 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604 in surficial sediments of Lake Taihu were investigated in this study. The concentrations of mirex and DP ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 1.29 ng g^?1 dw and 0.051 to 2.10 ng g^?1 dw, respectively. Dec 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604 on the other hand, were BDL in any of the samples. The contamination levels of DP were higher than that of Mirex at 21 of all 22 sampling sites. Levels of mirex and DP in the lake sediments were correlated when an extremely high mirex value was removed. Both mirex and DP levels were correlated with the amount of organic matters in the sediment samples. Spatial distribution of mirex and DP suggested that these two chemicals in the lake had similar input sources except for one site. Comparison to previously reported flame retardants’ levels in the sediments shows that DP levels were similar with the levels of tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane but lower than PBDEs and organophosphates levels in Lake Taihu. The higher levels in the north-east part of Lake Taihu adjacent to two major cities: Wuxi and Suzhou, indicated that city effluent might be a major source for DP contamination in the lake.     

火电灰渣场自然恢复下灰渣养分及重金属含量研究

对自然恢复下4类不同年代样地的灰渣养分含量及重金属含量进行研究,通过对比分析发现,有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷含量随着自然恢复时间的增加呈现递增的趋势,全磷含量在各恢复阶段与对照样地之间并不存在显著差异(P0.05)。pH随着恢复时间的增加呈现递减的趋势。对灰渣综合质量指数进行研究发现,自然恢复长期、中期、短期与自然恢复初期对比均有显著提高(P0.05),且随着自然恢复时间的增加灰渣综合质量指数逐渐提高。对灰渣场锌、铅、铜3种重金属研究后发现,在自然恢复下随着时间的增加,灰渣中重金属含量均呈现递减的趋势。     

改性SCAC催化臭氧氧化去除布洛芬效能与反应活性位点研究

采用不同的表面改性方法(去矿化处理、氧化改性、碱改性和还原改性)对污泥基活性炭(SCAC)进行处理,分别获得了表面金属含量低、碱位低、碱性官能团含量高及Lewis碱含量高的4种改性SCAC(SCAC-D、SCAC-S、SCAC-OH和SCAC-N),对比考察了改性前后SCAC催化臭氧氧化去除布洛芬(IBP)的效能,并探讨了SCAC催化臭氧氧化反应的主要活性位点。结果表明,5种SCAC催化活性顺序为:SCAC-N>SCAC-OH>SCAC>SCAC-S>SCAC-D;金属组分减少会直接影响SCAC的催化活性,碱位减少对其催化活性的影响相对较弱,说明SCAC表面较为丰富的金属组分是其催化臭氧氧化反应的主要活性位点;增加SCAC表面碱位(Lewis碱和碱性官能团),减少表面酸性官能团有助于提高其催化活性。     

日本污水脱氮除磷深度处理工艺分析

为提高进入琵琶湖水体水质和有效恢复并保持琵琶湖流域水生态环境,日本滋贺县10家下水道污水处理厂全部采用脱氮除磷深度处理工艺。湖南中部净化中心目前规模为26.85万t/d,采用缺氧-好氧循环硝化/反硝化(AO)、厌氧-缺氧-好氧(AAO)和多段进水多级缺氧-好氧硝化/反硝化(SMAO)3种深度处理工艺。AAO工艺是国内城镇污水处理厂广泛采用的二级生化工艺,AO、SMAO工艺在国内还没有应用实例。AO、AAO工艺采用内循环硝化/反硝化反应脱氮,SMAO工艺采用无内循环的多段进水多级硝化/反硝化反应脱氮。AO、SMAO工艺采用化学方式除磷,PAC添加浓度约50mg/L。AAO工艺采用化学和生物组合方式除磷,PAC添加浓度降低到约30 mg/L。AO、AAO工艺出水BOD、CODMn、SS、TN和TP均值分别约为0.9 mg/L、5.2 mg/L、1 mg/L、6.5 mg/L和0.06 mg/L,相应的去除率约为99.5%、94.2%、99.5%、78.0%和98.1%。SMAO工艺出水TN约为2.5 mg/L,TN去除率提高到91.6%,其他指标和AO、AAO工艺基本相同。