Distribution,source, and environmental risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in water,suspended particulate matter,and sediment of a typical Yangtze River Delta City,China

Phthalates (PAEs) in drinking water sources such as the Yangtze River in developing countries had aroused widespread concern. Here, the water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples were collected from 15 sites in wet and dry seasons in Zhenjiang, for the determination of six PAEs (DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, and DOP) using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) or ultrasonic extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total concentrations of six PAEs (Σ₆PAEs) spanned a range of 2.65–39.31 μg L^?1 in water, 1.97–34.10 μg g^?1 in SPM, and 0.93–34.70 μg g^?1 in sediment. The partition coefficients (K_d1) of PAEs in water and SPM phase ranged from 0.004 to 3.36 L g^?1 in the wet season and from 0.12 to 2.84 L g^?1 in the dry season. K_d2 of PAEs in water and sediment phase was 0.001–9.75 L g^?1 in the wet season and 0.006–8.05 L g^?1 in the dry season. The dominant PAEs were DIBP, DBP, and DEHP in water and SPM, DIBP, DEHP, and DOP in sediment. The concentration of DBP in water exceeded the China Surface Water Standard. The discharge of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater might be the main potential sources of PAEs. The risk quotient (RQ) method used for the risk assessment revealed that DBP (0.01 < RQ < 1) posed a medium risk, while DIBP and DEHP (RQ > 1) posed a high environmental risk in water, DIBP (RQ > 1) also showed a high risk in sediment.

     

太岳山油松人工林干湿交替时期土壤呼吸特征

为了解在温度升高和干湿交替的复合影响下森林生态系统土壤呼吸的动态特征,以太岳山地区油松人工林土壤为研究对象,应用Li-8150土壤CO2通量全自动连续测量系统原位、全天候、高频率地连续监测土壤呼吸速率及环境因子,基于原始数据、小时均值数据和日均值数据3种研究尺度,利用已有的单因子模型、双因子模型对土壤呼吸速率与5 cm土壤温度和容积含水量的关系进行了拟合.结果表明:(1)在太岳山地区的干湿交替时期,降雨总体上促进了油松人工林的土壤呼吸;土壤呼吸速率和5 cm土壤容积含水量的小时动态规律非常相似;5 cm土壤容积含水量存在明显的消长,5 cm土壤温度在波动中整体上升,两个土壤环境因子之间存在负相关关系(r=-0.37,R2=0.30,P<0.01).(2)不同的研究尺度下,日均值数据拟合模型的效果最好,小时均值数据次之,原始数据最差.(3)相同的研究尺度下,双因子模型优于单因子模型,非线性模型要优于线性模型.综上所述,太岳山油松人工林土壤呼吸对该地区干湿交替现象的响应明显,所拟合的模型中,日均值数据尺度下的双因子指数-幂函数模型的解释力最好.     

高层建筑的火灾逃生

随着城市现代化进程的高速发展,高层建筑如雨后春笋耸立在城市。但是在这繁荣景象的背后,隐匿着严重的火灾隐患,随时威胁着高层建筑及其中生活、工作人员的生命财产安全。消防部门的有关统计数据表明,近期各种火灾灾情中最为突出的就是高层建筑的火灾问题,并呈持续上升趋势。     

一种新的拓扑指数及其在有机化合物结构/性质相关性研究中的应用

以距离矩阵为基础，提出一种表征化合物分子结构的拓扑指数，并将其用于预报饱和链烃类、醇类和含氮芳香类化合物的性质和活性，获得了满意的结果。     

Trends in Meteorologically Adjusted Ozone Concentrations in Six Kentucky Metro Areas, 1998–2002

Abstract

Meteorologically adjusted ozone (O₃) concentrations during five recent O₃ seasons (1998-2002) were computed for six Kentucky metro areas using a nonlinear regression model originally developed for forecasting ground-level O₃ concentrations. The meteorological adjustment procedure was based on modifying actual measured O₃ concentrations according to model-predicted responses to climate departures with respect to a reference year. For all six Kentucky metro areas, meteorologically adjusted O₃ concentrations declined over the five-year period. The linear best-fit rate of decline in mean adjusted O₃ concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 2.6 ppb/yr for these metro areas; the average rate of decline was 1.6 ppb/yr. The rates of decline in meteorologically adjusted extreme value (e.g., 95th percentile) concentrations were approximately the same, but there is greater statistical uncertainty concerning the extreme value trends.     

气体灭火系统安全探讨

气体灭火系统于20世纪80年代起在我国的消防工作中逐步得到应用,90年代前后到达顶峰。早期广泛使用的卤代烷“1301”灭火剂,因为能够有效抑制不同类型的火灾,对被保护的设备来说“安全洁净”,使它在世界范围内得到了广泛的应用;但由于它对于大气臭氧层的破坏作用,我国将于2010年禁止生产卤代烷灭火剂,目前仅在一些重要场合继续使用该类灭火剂。     

围栏条件下平胸龟的体温变异

应用微型温度自动记录器,在野外围栏条件下,测定平胸龟(Platysternon megacephalum)体表温度和环境温度的昼夜和季节变化;在实验室条件下,测定其选择体温,旨在揭示平胸龟的体温和环境温度的关系.春、夏、秋季平胸龟体表温度与环境温度显著相关,其中与水温的相关性高于与暴露岩石温度的相关性.平胸龟体表温度及环境温度存在显著的季节变异,夏季高于春、秋季.夏季平胸龟体表温度存在昼夜差异,而春、秋季则无显著昼夜变化.平胸龟的选择体温无昼夜变化,平均选择体温为25.5℃.图2表2参23     

型煤自适应脱硫脱硝特性的实验研究

为了减少民用炉灶和小型工业锅炉燃烧污染,开发了一种自适应脱硫脱硝的型煤,主要由煤、造纸黑液和脱硫脱硝剂混合压制而成,研究该型煤的燃烧过程自适应脱硫脱硝作用。结果表明,造纸黑液可提高型煤的燃烧性能,添加质量分数为20%的造纸黑液,型煤燃尽时间可以缩短25%。同时,造纸黑液还可以脱硫脱硝。当造纸黑液质量分数为10%时,其脱硝效率达到40%,脱硫效率为24%。     

Trends in meteorologically adjusted ozone concentrations in six Kentucky metro areas, 1998-2002

Meteorologically adjusted ozone (O3) concentrations during five recent O3 seasons (1998-2002) were computed for six Kentucky metro areas using a nonlinear regression model originally developed for forecasting ground-level O3 concentrations. The meteorological adjustment procedure was based on modifying actual measured O3 concentrations according to model-predicted responses to climate departures with respect to a reference year. For all six Kentucky metro areas, meteorologically adjusted O3 concentrations declined over the five-year period. The linear best-fit rate of decline in mean adjusted O3 concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 2.6 ppb/yr for these metro areas; the average rate of decline was 1.6 ppb/yr. The rates of decline in meteorologically adjusted extreme value (e.g., 95th percentile) concentrations were approximately the same, but there is greater statistical uncertainty concerning the extreme value trends.     

利用泥鳅红细胞核的遗传损伤监测福州市内河水质

利用泥鳅红细胞核的遗传损伤监测福州市内河水质,探讨红细胞核的遗传损伤与水质常规衡量指标间的相关性.结果表明:泥鳅红细胞微核率及核异变率的高低能够反映出河水的综合污染程度,差异达到显著或极显著.在一定范围内河水受污染程度越严重,微核及核异常率越高.但当染毒时间太长时,微核率及核异常率反而有所下降.微核率与水质的几项常规衡量指标间的相关程度依次为:高锰酸盐指数 >溶解氧 >氨氮比 >pH值;总核异常率与河水的几项常规指标间的相关程度依次为:高锰酸盐指数 >氨氮比>溶解氧>pH值.核异常率与微核率达到最高值的处理时间不完全同步.核异常率显著高于微核率,微核率与核异常率相关系数为 0. 44,这反映出生物体本身具有自动修复能力,能通过各种途径修复受损的DNA.此外,还探讨了泥鳅红细胞的微核来源和利用泥鳅红细胞核的遗传损伤监测河水水质的可行性及注意问题. 图 3表 6参 16