Dyes adsorption using a synthetic carboxymethyl cellulose-acrylic acid adsorbent

Removal of noxious dyes is gaining public and technological attention. Herein grafting polymerization was employed to produce a novel adsorbent using acrylic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose for dye removal. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy verified the adsorbent formed under optimized reaction conditions. The removal ratio of adsorbent to Methyl Orange, Disperse Blue 2BLN and malachite green chloride reached to 84.2%, 79.6% and 99.9%, respectively. The greater agreement between the calculated and experimental results suggested that pseudo second-order kinetic model better represents the kinetic adsorption data. Equilibrium adsorptions of dyes were better explained by the Temkin isotherm. The results implied that this new cellulose-based absorbent had the universaiity for removal of dyes through the chemical adsorption mechanism.     

颗粒活性炭改性同步去除水中铅、铬的研究

为提高颗粒活性炭同步去除水中铅、铬污染物的能力,分别使用氧化铁、氧化锰、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTMAB)和氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)制作改性活性炭(Fe Cl3-AC,Mn O2-AC,HTMAB-AC,CPC-AC)。通过测定4种改性活性炭表面的等电点p H、酸碱官能团和扫描电子显微镜图像,研究4种改性活性炭吸附效果优异并分析其中原因。结果表明:Fe Cl3-AC同步去除铅、铬效果最佳,HTMAB-AC、CPC-AC与原炭效果持平,Mn O2-AC效果还不及原炭。从等电点p H来看,Fe Cl3-AC拥有较低的等电点p H,有利于静电吸附铬酸根阴离子团;从酸性基团数目来看,Fe Cl3-AC表面拥有较多酸性官能团,有利于离子交换作用,保证了对铅离子较高的吸附效率;从SEM来看,Fe Cl3-AC上Fe Cl3负载均匀,有效改善了活性炭表面特性,有利于吸附。     

规划环境影响评价中公众参与探讨研究

公众参与作为规划环境影响评价的重要组成部分,具有重要的作用和意义。公众参与可以提高规划环境影响评价的有效性、提高规划的合理性及环保性。结合规划环评的应用实例,归纳了规划环评公众参与的参与对象、参与形式等,指出目前规划环评公众参与在应用中存在公众参与对象局限、规定和程序不明确、公民环保意识差等问题,建议采用多种形式开展公众参与环评,同时建议相关部门制定法律条文等进一步明确公众参与环评的规定和程序,提高信息公开度和民众的环保意识。     

城市环境风险监控预警系统的构建与应用研究

文章在分析当前城市环境风险预警系统构建的不足的基础上,结合目前环境风险预警系统构建的基础支撑系统建设现状,介绍如何建立集成环境风险信息采集、实时监控预警、预测模拟、处理为一体的城市环境风险信息监控预警平台,实现城市环境风险信息统一管理与共享,提高环境监管部门及公众对环境风险的应急反应及处理速度,为城市环境安全保障提供决策支持。     

两种喹诺酮类抗生素对亚心形扁藻的毒性效应研究

研究了恩诺沙星和盐酸环丙沙星两种喹诺酮类抗生素对亚心形扁藻的毒理学效应。经多组不同浓度的两种抗生素处理后,分别对扁藻的96EC50、叶绿素和胞外聚合物（EPS）进行分析。结果表明,两种抗生素在低浓度时对扁藻生长具有促进作用,而在高浓度时体现抑制毒性作用。高浓度时,抗生素浓度越高对扁藻的生长、叶绿素和胞外聚合物抑制效果越明显,但当浓度达到一定高度后,抑制会达到其阈值。恩诺沙星和盐酸环丙沙星对扁藻的半生长抑制率分别为19.8 mg/L和28.7 mg/L。     

明矾石在水体微藻去除中的应用研究

以温州市某大学校区内富营养化水体为研究对象,采用本地明矾石对含藻水体进行混凝除藻、除浊实验研究,分别进行投加量、搅拌强度、搅拌时间、静置时间及pH值对微藻去除效率的影响研究,以获得处理工艺的最佳条件,为恢复河流水体生态自净功能提供理论基础.试验中对投加明矾石前后,水体中浊度、总磷、氨氮和总氮进行了测定,结果表明：明矾石最佳投加量为0.35 g/L,最佳搅拌方式为200 rpm搅拌4 min;最佳静置时间为25 min;在碱性或中性水体的处理效果尤佳.     

淮南小学校园不同活动场所灰尘重金属区域分异及生物可给性

利用PBET(Physiologically Based Extraction Test)体外胃肠模拟方法研究淮南市小学校园不同活动场所灰尘中8种典型重金属(Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V和Zn)在胃肠阶段的生物可给量,并计算其生物可给性,采用US EPA人体健康风险评价方法,评估研究区灰尘重金属经手-口暴露途径摄入对儿童产生的健康风险.结果表明;与淮南市土壤环境背景值相比,淮南市小学校园不同活动场所灰尘重金属总量普遍偏高,累积量较大的是Cd、Zn、Pb和Cu,富集程度较高.对比分析不同活动场所灰尘重金属含量发现,楼道灰尘重金属在3种活动场所中富集程度较高,其中Cd富集水平最高,主要因为楼道灰尘重金属不仅来源于楼道内部金属栏杆扶手生锈老化和防腐防锈油漆使用,同时受到室外污染源的影响.相关分析和主成分分析表明,灰尘重金属主要来自室外交通活动、工业活动、自然源以及室内污染源,Cd主要来自燃煤活动.PBET法提取重金属可给量在胃和小肠阶段差异较大,Cd、Pb、V和Zn在胃阶段生物可给量高于肠阶段.对比不同活动场所灰尘重金属生物可给量发现,在胃肠阶段均表现为楼道灰尘重金属可给量高于操场灰尘和校门口灰尘.健康风险评估表明,Zn在不同活动场所灰尘中重金属日平均暴露量最高,非致癌风险商(HQ)小于1,在安全阈值之内,对儿童不存在非致癌风险.Cd、Co、Cr和Ni的致癌风险商(CR)大小顺序为楼道灰尘操场灰尘校门口灰尘,在人体可承受范围内.楼道灰尘重金属的总非致癌风险指数(HI)最大,达0.118,因暴露时间较长,对儿童的潜在危害不容忽视.     

Impacts of Upstream Building Width and Upwind Building Arrangements on Airflow and Pollutant Dispersion in a Street Canyon

A two-dimensional numerical model for evaluating the wind flow and pollutant dispersion within a street canyon was first developed using the FLUENT code, which was then validated against a wind tunnel experiment. Then, the effects of the upstream building width and upwind building arrangement on the airflow and pollutant dispersion inside an isolated street canyon were investigated numerically. The numerical results revealed that: (1) the in-canyon vortex center shifts downwards as the upstream building width increases; (2) the recirculation zone covers the entire upstream building roof for the cases when W/H = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 (W is the upstream building width and H is the building height), whereas the flow reattaches the upstream building roof for the cases when W/H = 2.5 and 3.0; (3) when the upstream building width is shorter than the critical width W_C (= 2H), an increase in the upstream building width leads to an increase in the pollution level on the leeward wall of the canyon and a decrease in the roof-level concentrations at the upstream building; (4) when the upstream building width is longer than the critical width, the roof-level concentrations at the upstream building are negligibly small and the pollution level on the leeward wall of the canyon is almost unaffected by a further increase in the upstream building width; (5) when the buildings are placed upwind of the canyon, the flow attaches the upstream building roof and, therefore, almost none of the pollutants are distributed on the upstream building roof; and (6) the pollution levels inside the canyon and on the downstream building roof increase significantly with the number of upwind buildings.     

废轮胎与煤共热解失重特性研究

采用热解重量分析法研究了废轮胎粉、炼焦煤粉(简称煤粉)及混合样的热解特性。实验结果表明,废轮胎粉的热解出现三个显著的失重峰,煤粉热解仅出现一个显著失重峰。与煤粉热解相比,废轮胎粉热解开始失重温度和失重基本结束的温度相对较低,失重速率较大,且失重量较大。煤粉与废轮胎粉的显著失重存在重叠的温度区间(360～450℃),说明废轮胎粉与煤粉可以进行共热解。随废轮胎粉质量分数增加,共热解物料总失重率增加。废轮胎粉与煤粉共热解存在协同效应,在280～540℃时协同效应抑制共热解挥发分的逸出,导致失重量降低,最大失重速率峰温升高;高于540℃后,协同效应促进共热解反应,使共热解总失重率增大。     

应用模糊聚类方法进行四川国土分区研究

本文介绍采用模糊聚类方法进行四川省国土综合分区研究的情况和主要结果。提出将全省划分为8个国土区的结论,论述了各区的前景,探讨了定性与定量分区方法的先进性。