轻质油中间原料储罐腐蚀现状及对策

对近年来加工原料劣质化后轻质油中间原料储罐腐蚀问题突出和腐蚀导致的安全事故多发的现状进行了论述,介绍了中国石化轻质油中间原料储罐的调研情况和发现的主要问题,从多个方面提出了轻质油中间原料储罐的防腐对策.     

河南油田GIS设备漏气故障分析与处理

介绍了河南油田GIS设备漏气故障的处理方法,分析了漏气的原因,提出了相应的防范措施.     

Hg removal from flue gas over different zeolites modified by FeCl3

The elemental mercury removal abilities of three different zeolites (NaA, NaX, HZSM-5) impregnated with iron(III) chloride were studied on a lab-scale fixed-bed reactor. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) analyses were used to investigate the physicochemical properties. Results indicated that the pore structure and active chloride species on the surface of the samples are the key factors for physisorption and oxidation of Hg⁰, respectively. Relatively high surface area and micropore volume are beneficial to efficient mercury adsorption. The active Cl species generated on the surface of the samples were effective oxidants able to convert elemental mercury (Hg⁰) into oxidized mercury (Hg^2 +). The crystallization of NaCl due to the ion exchange effect during the impregnation of NaA and NaX reduced the number of active Cl species on the surface, and restricted the physisorption of Hg⁰. Therefore, the Hg⁰ removal efficiencies of the samples were inhibited. The TPD analysis revealed that the species of mercury on the surface of FeCl₃–HZSM-5 was mainly in the form of mercuric chloride (HgCl₂), while on FeCl₃–NaX and FeCl₃–NaA it was mainly mercuric oxide (HgO).     

Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE (BDE-47) and deca-BDE (BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and -209 in the seawater phase measured by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations. (2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 ismore toxic than BDE-209. (3) Both BDE-47 and -209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females (OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females (MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and -209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

针对正态样本的模糊综合评价法在巢湖水质评价中的应用

为克服模糊综合法进行水环境质量评价时的主观因素,假设水质指标在一段时间(如1年)内是服从正态分布的随机变量,从而引入概率,得出含义明确的隶属度函数。使用该函数后,评价结果具有足够的敏感度,通过计算综合污染指数,可以对比不同时间或不同水域水质的整体差异。将其应用于巢湖"合肥湖滨"断面9年的水质变化研究,证明了该方法的有效性。     

青岛市COD、SO_2排放的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

选取青岛市2001~2010年环境统计数据,以全市人均GDP为因变量、污染物排放量为变量,进行环境库兹涅茨曲线模拟。结果表明:青岛市"三废"污染物排放和工业COD、SO2排放量均不符合典型的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征。通过模拟结果分析可得出,科学的产业结构调整、政府节能减排的大力推进等政策是单位GDP污染物排放量的降低和工业COD、SO2排放量呈现的正"N"型曲线特征的重要因素。     

SoundPLAN在交通噪声对住宅小区影响评价中的应用

采用实测法对小区内的代表性点位进行噪声监测,并记录主要道路的车流量,将实测的车流量及道路相关参数输入到SoundPLAN预测软件中进行预测,计算预测值与实测值的差值。结果表明,偏差在2.8 dB(A)以内说明该软件可以用于交通噪声对住宅小区的噪声影响预测。用SoundPLAN预测软件绘制了住宅小区的平面和横截面声等值线图,形象的表达了交通噪声对住宅小区的影响。     

城市建筑垃圾的资源化利用

随着建设项目的增多,建筑垃圾也日益增多。本文对建筑垃圾资源化利用进行了初步分析,重点通过对建筑垃圾的分类研究,提出我国建筑垃圾资源化存在问题及建议。     

精制棉废水处理技术进展研究

精制棉广泛用于食品、医药、电子和日化等行业,但废水量大,尤其是蒸煮黑液,色度高、COD值高和可生化性差,处理的工艺复杂、处理成本较高,一直是环境工程领域的难点.本文首先介绍了精制棉废水的来源及性质,重点分析和总结了精制棉废水的炉渣和粉煤灰、酸析、电解和高级氧化预处理技术,并对精制棉废水的生物处理技术和工程实践进行了概括总结.针对精制棉废水的来源和性质,对精制棉废水处理技术的发展方向进行了展望.     

进口废物管理目录调整原则和方法及对策建议研究

简要介绍了我国固体废物进口情况,以及进口废物管理目录在进口固体废物管理方面的重要作用。详细阐述了进口废物管理目录动态调整的发展过程,分析了现行进口废物管理目录中存在的问题,提出了进口废物管理目录动态调整的原则、方法和对策建议,为今后我国动态调整进口废物管理目录提供参考。