Carbon dioxide utilization with carbonation using industrial waste-desulfurization gypsum and waste concrete

In this study, we propose a process making calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate and recovering absorbent using ammonia absorbent, carbon dioxide, and industrial waste. The main objective of this study is to confirm the possibility of carbon capture and utilization based on waste materials. We assumed desulfurization gypsum and construction waste (ready mixed concrete washing water, waste concrete, etc.) are CaSO₄, Ca(OH)₂, respectively. And concentration of simulated carbon dioxide gas was 15 vol% similar to flue gas. Calcium carbonate was produced by combination reaction between ionic CO₂ in absorbent and metal ion in the solid waste. Experiments were conducted at normal temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the generated products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope.     

Potential methane yield of food waste/food waste leachate from the biogasification facilities in South Korea

This study was to find out potential of methane yield on food waste and food waste leachate as biomass in Korea. The seven biogasification facilities were selected for comparison of theoretical methane yield and actual methane yield. The theoretical methane yield was calculated based on organic constituents (carbohydrate, protein, fat) and based on element analysis. The actual methane yield was investigated based on volatile solids and CODcr. Theoretical methane yields by organic constituents were 0.52 Sm³CH₄/kg VS and 0.35 Sm³CH₄/kg CODcr and these by element analysis were 0.53 Sm³CH₄/kg VS and 0.36 Sm³CH₄/kg CODcr. Actual methane yields were 0.36 Sm³CH₄/kg VS_in and 0.26 Sm³CH₄/kg CODcr_in. Considering the average removal efficiency of organic materials of seven FWL biogasification facilities, actual methane yields were 0.48 Sm³CH₄/kg VS_rem and 0.33 Sm³CH₄/kg CODcr_rem. Methane yield by organic constituents is very similar to that by element analysis and actual methane yields of volatile solids and CODcr were similar to theoretical value. The actual methane yield in this study showed approximated boundary values with previous other references which conducted in lab-scale or biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. In conclusion, Korean food waste and food waste leachate have sufficient potential of methane yield in the ongoing biogasification facilities.     

输电线路山火跳闸机理的模拟实验研究

山火发生时植被燃烧产生的高温火焰及烟羽流使架空输电线路的空气绝缘性能大幅降低,可能引发导线之间或导线对地面间的击穿放电现象,导致输电线路发生跳闸事故。选取正庚烷与木垛为代表性火源,模拟研究直流高压电在火焰中的击穿放电现象,测量了火焰温度和电阻参数,获得了不同火源条件下放电间隙的击穿电压,分析了火焰参数对间隙击穿场强的影响。实验结果表明,正庚烷和木垛火焰放电实验中,火焰高温和电导率是导致击穿场强下降的主要因素。此外,烟颗粒也会导致击穿场强下降。     

广东一饮用水源地河流沉积物及鱼体中氟喹诺酮类(FQs)抗生素残留特征研究

本研究对广东一饮用水源保护区的河流氟喹诺酮类(Fluoroquinolones,FQs)抗生素进行分析.采用高效液相色谱法定性定量分析9个沉积物样品和5种鱼肉及1种鱼内脏中3种FQs—诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin,NOR)、环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin,CIP)、恩诺沙星(Enrofloxacin,ENR)的残留特征,并与沉积物中有机质、总氮、总磷进行Person相关性分析.结果表明:河流沉积物各点平均值NORCIPENR,最大含量分别为:NOR248.25 ng·g-1,CIP 158.69 ng·g-1,ENR 56.81 ng·g-1;FQs和沉积物有机质、总磷相关系数平均为0.946、0.968(p0.01);5种鱼的鱼肉中FQs的含量可能高于或低于沉积物中FQs含量均值;鳙鱼内脏FQs含量是鱼肉中的3.21~9.53倍.研究结果对保障饮用水安全及水产品生态安全具有重要的意义.     

烟气深度余热回收技术对燃气锅炉NOx排放扩散迁移规律的影响研究

运用Fluent计算软件对北京市丰台区某燃气锅炉排放烟气中NOx的转化和扩散过程进行了数值模拟,定量地研究了烟气深度余热回收技术对燃气锅炉排放NOx在大气中的迁移规律产生的影响,并与Screen 3模型模拟的结果进行了对比.研究发现:烟气深度余热回收技术的应用使NOx的最大落地浓度与烟气直排时相比增加了2.5倍,NOx对本地地表的影响面积增大了15750 m2,增加了本地环境污染的风险.结合燃气锅炉的NOx控制技术提出了缓解局部环境风险的解决方案.结果表明,烟气深度余热回收技术与低氮燃烧技术联用,NOx的控制效率达到70%以上时,在有效提升锅炉热效率的同时,可以缓解由于烟温大幅下降造成的本地环境污染恶化的风险.     

西部工业化与生态文明发展模式的实证及相关性分析

自从国家实施西部大开发战略以来,西部地区就不断探索工业化的发展道路,在工业化的有力带动下,西部的经济发展很快。但西部地区工业化现存发展模式严重依赖能源、资源,由于对生态资源毫无节制地开发和利用,环境污染和生态破坏严重。本文通过采用典型相关分析的方法对西部工业化与生态文明建设发展模式的相关性进行分析,探寻保障我国西部能源供应、实现经济可持续发展的重要战略,试图探索实现我国西部节能规划目标的节能服务产业。用博弈论的方法分析节能服务企业的机会主义行为对节能服务产业发展的不利影响,探寻节能服务模式在我国西部发展受阻的原因,并提出了促进节能服务产业发展的对策建议。实现西部工业化和生态文明协调发展,促进西部地区经济的和谐发展。     

黄河下游垦利站溶解N2O浓度和通量的季节变化及其调控因子分析

于2012年3月至2014年3月每月在黄河下游垦利站采集表层河水,测定其溶解氧化亚氮(N_2O)浓度并估算了其水-气交换通量,并于2012年10月至2013年12月每月对表层河水和沉积物进行了受控培养实验以认识其产生过程.结果表明:黄河下游表层河水中溶解N_2O浓度范围为11.63~27.23 nmol·L~(-1),平均值为(16.29±4.23)nmol·L~(-1).N_2O浓度呈现出较为明显的季节变化,具体表现为冬季和春季高于夏季和秋季,但全年变化幅度不大.溶解N_2O浓度主要受到温度、黄河径流量和溶解无机氮等因素的影响.N_2O饱和度范围为101.1%~343.0%,平均值为190.8%±72.3%,黄河下游N_2O全年处于过饱和状态,是大气N_2O的净源.利用LM86、W92和RC01公式估算出其平均水-气交换通量分别为(10.2±12.3)、(17.3±18.8)、(25.8±26.6)μmol·m-2·d~(-1).初步估算了2012—2013年黄河向河口及其邻近海域输入N_2O的量约为5.8×105mol·a~(-1).培养实验表明:水体和沉积物整体表现为净产生N_2O,其中潜在反硝化速率均明显高于硝化速率,反硝化作用在黄河N_2O的产生过程中有重要作用.水体中的潜在反硝化速率(以N计)的变化范围为(0.18~332.20)nmol·L~(-1)·h~(-1),平均值为(52.74±95.63)nmol·L~(-1)·h~(-1),沉积物中潜在反硝化速率的变化范围为0.37~187.60 nmol·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),平均值为(29.61±56.91)nmol·kg~(-1)·h~(-1).     

临汾市蔬菜中滴滴涕和六六六的残留与风险评价

通过采集临汾市居民普遍食用的10种蔬菜,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行检测.研究结果表明,滴滴涕和六六六在10种蔬菜中均有检出,∑DDTs的残留量为1.67~6.68 ng·g~(-1),∑HCHs的残留量为0.43~4.75 ng·g~(-1),其中含量最高的是西葫芦(∑_(10)OCP为(8.73±0.75)ng·g~(-1)).采用农粮组织和世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)规定的可接受的每日摄取量(ADI)来进行暴露量分析,平均而言,各年龄段人群对γ-HCH和DDTs的日均口摄暴露量(EDI)值远低于FAO/WHO所规定的ADI值.由于食物残留浓度、个体体重及膳食结构变异较大,导致个体暴露水平差别较大,儿童的EDI值要高于同性别的其他年龄段人群,同一年龄段女性的EDI值普遍高于男性.通过美国环境保护局(USEPA)提出的潜在风险评价,对致癌和非致癌的健康危害分别进行评价,在目前的消费量下临汾居民食用蔬菜引起的非致癌风险较低,食用蔬菜而摄入的HCHs对人体具有潜在的致癌风险,其中儿童作为易感人群的致癌风险更高.     

污泥水磷和有机物同步混凝去除的多目标优化技术研究

通过引入多响应值的归一化评分法进行了污泥水磷和有机物同步混凝去除的多目标优化,并利用响应面(RSM)技术考察了Al/P比、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量和悬浮固体(SS)浓度对污染物去除的单独效应和联合效应.结果表明,复合投加聚合氯化铝和PAM能同步去除污泥水中磷和有机物,并改善沉降效果.归一化后单目标RSM优化显示,对污泥水中磷和有机物同步去除的贡献为Al/P比SS浓度PAM投加量.在最优条件Al/P比为3、PAM浓度为1.22 mg·L~(-1)、SS浓度为3.58 g·~(L-1)的条件下,正磷和总有机碳去除率分别为93.1%和53.9%.与多响应变量优化相比,引入归一化评分法有效解决了变量间数值量级差异的问题,使结果的分析计算变得简单方便.     

Hexabromocyclododecane and tetrabromobisphenol A in sediments and paddy soils from Liaohe River Basin, China: Levels, distribution and mass inventory

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) are two kinds of brominated flame retardants and widely present in the environment and biota. The levels,spatial distributions and mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA were investigated in sediments and paddy soils from the Liaohe River Basin in northeast China. The concentrations of ΣHBCD and TBBPA were in the range of not detected(nd) to 4.02 ng/g dry weight(dw) and 0.03 to 4.06 ng/g dw, respectively. γ-HBCD was dominated in sediments,while the abundance of α-HBCD was relatively high in paddy soils. The spatial distributions of HBCD and TBBPA in surface sediments and paddy soils indicated that the local point-input was their major source. The significant correlation between total organic carbon(TOC) contents and the HBCD levels suggested that TOC content also exerted an influence on the distribution of HBCD in sediments. Meanwhile, it was found that the irrigation with river water was not the major transportation pathway of HBCD and TBBPA in paddy soils. Based on the study, it was estimated that there were about 1.67 tons HBCD and 2.20 tons TBBPA deposited into sediments of the Liaohe River system every year. The total mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA in sediments were far higher than that in paddy soils.