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941.
利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS)于2018年1月1日—2019年12月31日对上海市浦东新区环境空气PM2.5开展高时间分辨化学成分监测。结果表明,2019年监测点空气质量总体优于2018年,AQI达标率由74.8%升高至86.6%。通过对PM2.5成分分类,最终确定了8类颗粒物,相较于2018年,2019年富钾颗粒物升幅较为明显,左旋葡聚糖、重金属和元素碳有小幅增加,其余各组分相对减少。对PM2.5排放源分类分析显示,机动车尾气源占比>25%,其中2018年3月、2018年7月、2019年2和3月贡献超过40%;二次无机源和燃煤源呈现一定的季节变化特点,整体秋冬季高于春夏季,2019年燃煤源占比较2018年下降了41%;工业排放源2018年5和10月、2019年1和5月占比相对较高,其余各月份占比相对较为稳定。 相似文献
942.
火力发电厂煤粉锅炉炉膛爆炸原因解析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章论述火力发电厂锅炉炉膛爆炸产生的原因,并采用事故树分析方法对锅炉炉膛爆炸原因做定性分析,采用布尔代数运算法则确定各基本事件引起炉膛爆炸事故的排列顺序. 相似文献
943.
Lee JH Batterman SA Jia C Chernyak S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2006,56(11):1503-1517
Four popular thermally desorbable adsorbents used for air sampling (Tenax TA, Tenax GR, Carbopack B, and Carbopack X) are examined for the potential to form artifacts with ozone (O3) at environmental concentrations. The performance of these adsorbents for the ketone and aldehyde species identified as O3-adsorbent artifacts was also characterized, including recovery, linearity, and method detection limits (MDLs). Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 13 different artifacts were identified and confirmed for both Tenax TA and Tenax GR, 9 for Carbopack B, but none for Carbopack X. Several O3 artifacts not reported previously were identified, including: pentanal, 3-hexanone, 2-hexanone, hexanal, 3-heptanone, and heptanal with Tenax TA; pentanal, 3-hexanone, 2-hexanone, hexanal, and 3-heptanone on Tenax GR; and 1-octene and 1-nonene with Carbopack B. Levels of straight-chain aldehyde artifacts rapidly diminished after a few cycles of adsorbent conditioning/O3 exposure, and concentrations could be predicted using a first-order model. Phenyl-substituted carbonyl artifacts (benzaldehyde and acetophenone) persisted on Tenax TA and GR even after 10 O3 exposure-conditioning cycles. O3 breakthrough through the adsorbent bed was most rapid in adsorbents that yielded the highest levels of artifacts. Overall, artifact composition and concentration are shown to depend on O3 concentration and dose, conditioning method, and adsorbent type and age. Calibrations showed good linearity, and most compounds had reasonable recoveries, for example, 90 +/- 15% for Tenax TA, 97 +/- 23% for Tenax GR, 101 +/- 24% for Carbopack B, and 79 +/- 25% (91 +/- 9% for n-aldehydes) for Carbopack X. Benzeneacetaldehyde recovery was notably poorer (22-63% across the four adsorbents). MDLs for several compounds were relatively high, up to 5 ng. By accounting for both artifact formation and method performance, this work helps to identify which carbonyl compounds can be measured using thermally desorbable adsorbents and which may be prone to bias because of the formation of O3-adsorbent artifacts. 相似文献
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945.
Increasing populations are causing an increase in food demands, and the area of cultivated land expands every year. Inappropriate land transition from ecology to production results in the constant decline of the ecological security level and influences the regional sustainable development. Adjusting unreasonable land use mode and reconstructing natural land cover are important ways to maintain and improve the ecological environment. Also reclaiming farmland as areas for forests and grasslands (FRFG) is another way. Successful implementation of FRFG in China is the result of comprehensive effect of the multi-scales driving forces. This paper analyses the driving forces of FRFG in China on a national (country) -regional (province) - local (county) - household (farmer) level scale, and the results are: driving forces at the national scale include ecological and food security and the western development of China; at the regional scale, ecological and economic benefits become the main factors to influence the dimension of FRFG under the same policy. The driving forces can be divided into 6 types: industrial structure adjustment, water source protection, flood prevention, the Three-Gorge Project protection, reduction of the amount of sediment flowing into the Yellow River and wind erosion desertification prevention. The driving forces at the local scale can be divided into 12 types with developing leading industries, increasing farmers' income and improving agricultural production conditions as the main types; at the household scale, the national policy meeting farmers' demands and the optimization of individual interests are all driving forces. 相似文献
946.
947.
948.
Fang Chen Ping Liu Ying Gu Zhu Zhu Amulya Nanisetti Zhangzhang Lan Zhiwei Huang Jia Sophie Liu Xiongbin Kang Yuqing Deng Liqiong Luo Dan Jiang Yong Qiu Jianchang Pan Jun Xia Ken Xiong Chao Liu Lin Xie Qianyu Shi Jing Li Xiuqing Zhang Wei Wang Snezana Drmanac Lars Bolund Hui Jiang Radoje Drmanac Xun Xu 《黑龙江环境通报》2017,37(13):1311-1321
949.
以往的民居改建、更新理论和原则或是从美学的角度出发,或是从功能的角度探讨问题,本文旨在可持续发展思想的指导下,在保留和继承部分民居传统技术的同时,融入现代技术的思想和方法,从技术角度实现对西双版纳城子寨傣族传统民居的积极保护与有序更新,走出技术适宜更新的可持续发展之路。 相似文献
950.
根据二氧化碳灭火系统在工程中的实际应用,系统分析灭火系统误喷事故原因,建立引起二氧化碳灭火系统误喷事故树。通过事故树计算各基本事件的结构重要度,确定基本事件对误喷事故产生的影响程度,最后为防止误喷事故发生制定了预防措施。 相似文献