Antimony speciation in the environment: Recent advances in understanding the biogeochemical processes and ecological effects

Antimony(Sb) is a toxic metalloid, and its pollution has become a global environmental problem as a result of its extensive use and corresponding Sb-mining activities. The toxicity and mobility of Sb strongly depend on its chemical speciation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biogeochemical processes(including emission, distribution,speciation, redox, metabolism and toxicity) that trigger the mobilization and transformation of Sb from pollution sources to the surrounding environment. Natural phenomena such as weathering, biological activity and volcanic activity, together with anthropogenic inputs, are responsible for the emission of Sb into the environment. Sb emitted in the environment can adsorb and undergo redox reactions on organic or inorganic environmental media, thus changing its existing form and exerting toxic effects on the ecosystem. This review is based on a careful and systematic collection of the latest papers during 2010–2017 and our research results, and it illustrates the fate and ecological effects of Sb in the environment.     

Effects of sediment composition on inorganic mercury partitioning, speciation and bioavailability in oxic surficial sediments

Artificially prepared sediments were used to assess the effects of sediment composition on inorganic Hg partitioning, speciation and bioavailability. Organic coating in sediment greatly increased the Hg partitioning and the amount of bioavailable Hg bound with the clay and the Fe and Mn oxides, but had little effect on that bound with the quartz and calcium carbonate as a result of weaker binding of humic acids and fulvic acids. The clay content increased the concentration of Hg in the sediments but inhibited the gut juice extraction due to the strong binding of Hg-organic matter (OM) complexes. Most Hg in the sediments was complexed by OM (mainly distributed in the organo-complexed phase and the strongly complexed phase), and the Hg-OM complexes (especially Hg in the strongly complexed phase) in sediments contributed much to gut juice extraction. Redistribution of Hg-OM complexes between sediments and gut juices may occur during gut juice extraction and modify Hg bioavailability and speciation in sediments.     

区域减灾能力信任与公众水灾风险认知——基于社会调查及分析

探索公众的自然灾害认知,有助于揭示风险潜在因素,为开展有效的风险沟通和风险管理提供基础依据.依据在重庆、湖南等部分省市的洪灾易发区开展社会调查收回的635份有效问卷,通过统计分析公众对于区域社会减灾能力的信任及其水灾认知,并探讨了信任对认知的影响.结果表明,公众对于社会减灾能力持信任态度,信任高低依次为:监测预警预报＞基础设施＞防洪工程＞政府应急管理,且信任的高低受年龄、灾害经历和区域经济发展水平的影响而存在差异.减灾能力信任会影响到公众的灾害风险认知,信任的增强会降低公众对洪灾的恐惧心理和对风险大小的判断,同时产生积极和消极并存的防灾行为倾向.因此构建"文化自觉"的科学防灾文化观有利于正确指引公众认识到减灾措施及能力的限度.     

河南省环境空气质量监测网优化的研究

在全省城市环境空气质量监测网优化并运行六年的基础上 ,采用历史数据计算法对河南省环境空气质量监测网进行了优化。通过优化方法和监测项目的探索 ,确定了省控站数目 ,特别是提出了系统、完整的优化指标 ,优化结果是令人满意的。     

Life-cycle assessment of flash pyrolysis of wood waste

This work analyzes a process known as flash pyrolysis, which produces bio fuels using biomass for power generation. A life-cycle assessment of flash pyrolysis of wood waste was conducted to study whether a flash pyrolysis plant set up locally would be environmentally friendly. The results obtained show that the process of flash pyrolysis of wood waste is in fact environmentally friendly, and the process has little contribution to the environment. However, efforts still have to be made to address the global warming potential issue. Continuous research and developments must be carried out to further reduce the global warming potential of the flash pyrolysis.     

基于FPGA的SBR呼吸速率的测量与应用

微生物的呼吸速率（OUR）在SBR（序批式活性污泥法）的反应工段变化特征明显，与污水中有机物浓度的变化规律相符，在曝气足量时不受曝气不均的影响。为了在确保出水水质的前提下节能降耗，提出了通过软测量技术获得OUR，并将其作为SBR法曝气时间的控制参数，同时在FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）上实现了此控制策略。     

制浆造纸废水生化出水的混凝处理研究

研究了硫酸铝和三氯化铁对制浆造纸废水生化出水的处理效果.研究发现,不调节原水pH值,硫酸铝投加量为600 mg/L或三氯化铁投加量为300mg/L时,混凝后废水的COD＜150 mg/L,色度＜50倍,出水均符合现阶段排放标准.混凝剂比较发现,在最佳反应条件下,2种混凝剂的处理效果相当,但硫酸铝混凝的成本低于三氯化铁....     

废旧线路板真空热解油合成热固性酚醛树脂

以废旧线路板真空热解油为原料,NaOH为催化剂,与甲醛的缩聚反应合成热固性酚醛树脂(TPR),重点考察了合成条件对产物固含量的影响。结果表明,合成热固性酚醛树脂的最佳条件为:每38.5 g热解油加入甲醛、催化剂分别为40 g、10 g,第1阶段温度为60℃、反应时间为3 h,第2阶段温度为95℃、反应时间按为3 h,其中催化剂的加入量是最主要的影响因素。通过红外光谱分析(IR)及热重分析(TG)测定了合成产物的结构和性能,并对产物进行了力学性能的检测。结果证明,以热解油为原料合成的酚醛树脂出现了CH2、CH—OH等特征峰,且产物的耐热温度在300℃以上,拉伸强度达到了39.6 MPa,与以苯酚为原料合成的酚醛树脂相近,研究结果表明,真空热加油为原料合成酚醛树脂是可行的。     

黄酒糟对活性艳红和亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

采用黄酒糟对模拟染料废水中的活性艳红和亚甲基蓝进行吸附.在染料初始质量浓度100 mg/L、黄酒糟加入量10 g/L、吸附时间2 h的条件下,当活性艳红废水初始pH 为2.0 ～10.0 时,黄酒糟对活性艳红的吸附率为94.0% ～95.7%;当亚甲基蓝废水初始pH 为11.0 ～12.0 时,黄酒糟对亚甲基蓝的吸附率...