Present status of recycling waste mobile phones in China: a review

A large number of waste mobile phones have already been generated and are being generated. Various countries around the world have all been positively exploring the way of recycling and reuse when facing such a large amount of waste mobile phones. In some countries, processing waste mobile phones has been forming a complete industrial chain, which can not only recycle waste mobile phones to reduce their negative influence on the environment but also turn waste into treasure to acquire economic benefits dramatically. However, the situation of recycling waste mobile phones in China is not going well. Waste mobile phones are not formally covered by existing regulations and policies for the waste electric and electronic equipment in China. In order to explore an appropriate system to recover waste mobile phones, the mobile phone production and the amount of waste mobile phones are introduced in this paper, and status of waste mobile phones recycling is described; then, the disposal technology of electronic waste that would be most likely to be used for processing of electronic waste in industrial applications in the near future is reviewed. Finally, rationalization proposals are put forward based on the current recovery status of waste mobile phones for the purpose of promoting the development of recycling waste mobile phones in developing countries with a special emphasis on China.     

Chemical additives affect sulfate reducing bacteria biofilm properties adsorbed on stainless steel 316L surface in circulating cooling water system

This paper studied the biofilm properties and corrosion behavior of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) on stainless steel 316L (SS316L) surface in circulating cooling water system with and without additives including hydroxy ethyl fork phosphonic acid (HEDP), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlotide (1227) and NaClO. Biochemical technique, electrochemical technology, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used. The results show that the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in biofilm attached on the SS316L surface mainly contain proteins and polysaccharides, the contents are 98 ug·cm^-2 and 635ug·cm^-2, respectively. The polysaccharides were cut by 1227 about 80%, while 55% by NaClO. The proteins were reduced by NaClO about 53%, while only 30% by 1227. The potentiodynamic polarization shows that the corrosion potential of SS316L was enhanced from -0.495 V to -0.390 V by the chemical additives, delaying the occurrence of the corrosion. And the corrosion rate was also reduced from 5.19 × 10^-3 mm·a^-1 to 2.42 × 10^-3 mm·a^-1. But NaClO still caused pitting corrosion after sterilizing the bacteria, while 1227 can form a protective film on the surface of SS316L. Though HEDP contribute to the bacteria activity, it can enhance the breakdown potential. XPS results confirmed that 1227 can change the value of C:O in the biofilm attached on metal surface, and NaClO can eliminate the existence of amidogen. This study would provide some recommendations for the selection of chemical additives in the thermal power plant.

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RPB-O3/H2O2法处理硝基苯模拟废水

在超重力场中,研究了硝基苯模拟废水的臭氧/双氧水(O3/H2O2)法处理效果,考察了超重力因子β、H2O2浓度、初始p H、液体流量及处理时间等因素对硝基苯去除率的影响。结果表明,硝基苯去除率随超重力因子β和处理时间的增加而增大,而随H2O2浓度、初始p H和液体流量的增加呈先增大后降低的趋势。当硝基苯初始浓度300 mg/L,工艺条件β=80、p H=10.0、臭氧质量浓度约为40 mg/L、H2O2浓度为4.9 mmol/L、液体流量为120 L/h时,循环处理35 min硝基苯去除率可达96.7%。处理时间60 min后,废水中硝基苯含量1.4 mg/L,COD为39 mg/L,达国家一级排放标准(GB 8978-1996)。在此条件下,硝基苯的降解过程符合准一级反应动力学。     

基于3S技术对太湖底质及水质总磷的研究

应用3S技术研究了太湖底质与水质总磷(TP)的分布情况,并结合水华频次分析了其相关性。结果表明:2016—2018年,太湖底质TP年均值在433~537 mg/kg波动,水质TP年均值从0.064 mg/L上升至0.087 mg/L。从空间分布来看,底质TP、水质TP和水华频次均呈现“西高东低”的规律,太湖西部区尤其是竺山湖区是需要开展治理的重点区域。3年间,太湖西部区水质TP上升,而底质TP与入湖河流TP下降,说明内源磷污染是太湖西部区水质TP升高的主要原因,须加强科学清淤。     

我国生态环境保护重大工程项目管理制度现状及存在的问题

生态环境重大工程项目是中国生态环境保护规划实施的重要抓手,工程实施与管理的科学性和可行性是提高资金使用效率和确保项目发挥环境效益的关键,因此,系统构建生态环境保护重大工程项目管理制度具有必要性和现实意义。结合国家现行政策,在实际调研的基础上,梳理了现有生态环境保护重大工程项目管理制度,分析了地方重大工程项目管理现状,识别了目前生态环境保护重大工程项目管理的存在问题,据此提出了完善生态环境保护重大工程项目制度的建议框架,以期为实现新时代生态环境保护目标提供支撑。     

肥煤自燃全过程热动力学特征参数研究

实验测定了林西矿肥煤样品30~900℃煤自燃全过程热动力学特征参数,得出:TG/DTG曲线显示煤样DTG初始临界温度45℃,干裂温度122℃,活性温度195℃,增速温度265℃,质量极大值温度342℃,着火温度465℃,最大热失重速率温度515℃和燃尽温度690℃;DSC曲线显示,煤样初始放热温度60℃、最大热释放速率温度511℃。结合TG-DTG-DSC曲线综合分析可知,煤温达到510℃左右时煤样反应最剧烈。由煤自燃标志气体测定实验系统得出:煤温130℃后CO,CO 2释放量迅速增加,210℃增加速度下降;CH 4,C 2 H 6含量变化具有规律性且两者变化相近;C 2 H 4出现温度为130℃;C 2 H 4/C 2 H 6比值在190~350℃有较强的规律性,呈上升趋势且上升速度较快;350℃之后,CH 4,C 2 H 6,C 2 H 4体积分数均开始急剧增大;C 2 H 4/CO与C 2 H 4/CO 2变化趋势大致相同,在130~350℃时缓慢增长,达到350℃后比值呈指数形式上升。经拟合曲线,得到活化能的3个突变点温度:70,180,220℃,其中180℃与交叉点温度相吻合。通过以上研究,得到了肥煤自燃全过程的热力学特征参数,为实际生产中防治煤自燃提供了理论依据。     

原位洗脱技术对凉水河底泥中氮、磷释放特征的影响

为探讨新兴底泥原位修复技术—原位洗脱技术对城市河流凉水河底泥中氮、磷释放的抑制作用,于现场采集洗脱前后样品并设计室内静态模拟实验,分析了实验期间洗脱组和对照组上覆水中NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N、TN、PO_4~(3-)-P、TP浓度和释放速率变化特征。结果表明:洗脱组释放第30天时,NH_4~+-N由底泥向上覆水中平均NH_4~+-N平均浓度为0.52 mg·L~(-1),较对照组下降了89.4%;PO_4~(3-)-P和TP平均释放速率较对照组降低了78.1%和83.0%,上覆水中TP平均浓度为0.22 mg·L~(-1),较对照组下降了68.1%。原位洗脱技术对底泥中NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P释放的抑制作用主要通过对有机氮、磷物质的削减和水-沉积物界面还原环境的改善来实现。     

基于GOCI数据的太湖叶绿素a浓度反演和蓝藻水华遥感监测

太湖蓝藻水华是广为关注的环境问题,迫切需要实现蓝藻水华的动态监测。利用静止轨道海洋水色遥感器(GOCI)遥感数据构建了太湖叶绿素a反演的三波段模型,使用归一化植被覆盖指数(NDVI)进行蓝藻水华监测,并进行了富营养化评价。结果表明:(1)三波段模型优于波段比值模型,可以用于GOCI遥感数据反演太湖叶绿素a浓度。(2)2019年6月3日太湖叶绿素a大致呈湖心和西部浓度低,北部和西南沿岸浓度高的空间分布;从10:15至15:15,叶绿素a浓度先升高后降低。(3)竺山湖和椒山周边水域水华聚集情况较为严重,是当天重度水华的主要发生区域;水华的时间变化规律同叶绿素a浓度变化规律一致。(4)对2019年4月和6月的GOCI遥感数据进行富营养化评价发现,太湖富营养化水平总体呈西部高东部低、北部高南部低、边缘高中间低的趋势;6月较4月富营养化水平明显加剧。     

Metabolic uncoupler, 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide addition for sludge reduction and fouling control in a gravity-driven membrane bioreactor

• Effects of metabolic uncoupler TCS on the performances of GDMBR were evaluated. • Sludge EPS reduced and transformed into dissolved SMP when TCS was added. • Appropriate TCS increased the permeability and reduced cake layer fouling. • High dosage aggravated fouling due to compact cake layer with low bio-activity. The gravity-driven membrane bioreactor (MBR)system is promising for decentralized sewage treatment because of its low energy consumption and maintenance requirements. However, the growing sludge not only increases membrane fouling, but also augments operational complexities (sludge discharge). We added the metabolic uncoupler 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) to the system to deal with the mentioned issues. Based on the results, TCS addition effectively decreased sludge ATP and sludge yield (reduced by 50%). Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS; proteins and polysaccharides) decreased with the addition of TCS and were transformed into dissolved soluble microbial products (SMPs) in the bulk solution, leading to the break of sludge flocs into small fragments. Permeability was increased by more than two times, reaching 60–70 L/m²/h bar when 10–30 mg/L TCS were added, because of the reduced suspended sludge and the formation of a thin cake layer with low EPS levels. Resistance analyses confirmed that appropriate dosages of TCS primarily decreased the cake layer and hydraulically reversible resistances. Permeability decreased at high dosage (50 mg/L) due to the release of excess sludge fragments and SMP into the supernatant, with a thin but more compact fouling layer with low bioactivity developing on the membrane surface, causing higher cake layer and pore blocking resistances. Our study provides a fundamental understanding of how a metabolic uncoupler affects the sludge and bio-fouling layers at different dosages, with practical relevance for in situ sludge reduction and membrane fouling alleviation in MBR systems.     

Nitrogen evolution during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid waste and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed

Nitrogen evolution was studied during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid wastes (HT MSW) and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB). HT MSW blending ratios as 10%, 20% and 30% (wt.%) were selected and tested at 700, 800, 900 °C. Emissions of NO and N₂O from blends were measured and compared with the results of mono-combustion trials. Moreover, concentrations of precursors like NH₃ and HCN were also quantified. The results are summarized as follows: NO emissions were predominant in all the cases, which rose with increasing temperature. The blending of HT MSW contributed to the NO reduction. N₂O emissions decreased with temperature rising and the blending of HT MSW also presented positive effects. At 30% HT MSW addition, both NO and N₂O emissions showed the lowest values (391.85 ppm and 55.33 ppm, respectively at 900 °C). For the precursors, more HCN was detected than NH₃ and both played important roles on the gas side nitrogen evolution.