东海海域春季降水的化学特征

根据１９９４年４月１７日－２７日东海海域的降水雨样化学组份分析，并将春与我国上海及日本西海岸的降水化学组分进行了地比。认为东海海域的降水经与陆地源污染的输送有关，在东南风系作用下，降水肥东南海上气闭影响，从上海以东到日本以西的广阔的海域中，降水呈弱酸或中性，其化学组份表现为海洋化学的特征；在东北风系作用下，东海海域的降水主要受朝鲜半岛和日本方面污染源的影响，降水中ＳＯ４＾２－非海盐浓度比东南风系时     

渤海江豚组织中钠,钙,锶,镁,磷,钾的研究

１９９０年，作者于辽东湾采集了１０头江豚标本，分别测定了其骨骼、皮肤、肌肉、肝脏、肺、肾、心、胃、肠、胰、脾、肾上腺及生殖腺等１３种组织中Ｃａ、Ｓｒ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｎａ６种元素的含量，详细分析了骨骼及其他各组织中的Ｃａ／Ｍｇ值、Ｃａ／Ｋ值、Ｃａ／Ｐ值、Ｃａ／Ｎａ值和Ｃａ／Ｓｒ×１００值。结果表明，Ｃａ、Ｓｒ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ，Ｋ在骨骼中累积率最高，钾在肌肉中具有高累积，Ｓｒ、Ｃａ在肌肉中累积率最低；Ｍｇ累积率最低的组织是生殖腺，Ｐ累积率最低的组织是肠，而Ｋ在骨骼中，Ｎａ在肌肉中的累积率均高于其他组织。分析结果还显示，Ｃａ／Ｍｇ值最高的是骨骼，最低为肌肉，Ｃａ／Ｐ值最高的是骨骼，最低的是肌肉和胰脏，Ｃａ／Ｋ值最高为骨骼，最低为脾Ｃａ／Ｓｒ×１００值最高为肺、最低为肠，而Ｋ／Ｎａ值最高为肌肉，最低为骨骼，在骨中Ｃａ／Ｐ值大约为１，类同于猫和人类。     

消油剂乳化率检验中标准曲线的选择

本文经过比实验，详细研究了添加双象１号消油剂对原油标线的影响，并对乳化率检验中的两种标准曲线进行了统计检验。结果表明：不添加消油剂制作的原油标线可使乳化率结果降低１￣３％左右，甚至个别消油剂的乳化率结果可相差２０％左右，两条标线的统计差异非常显著。所以制作标准曲线时必须按比例添加消测剂才能确保执法数据的可靠性。     

兰州市大气飘尘中致突变物变化规律的研究

本研究对兰州市不同污染区(石油化工为主、燃煤、商业及农村)在不同季节时的大气飘尘,作了对比采样.飘尘样品用溶剂抽提法提取后,用化学萃取法分离为五个有机物馏分.用毛细色谱-质谱-计算机联用系统进行了定性分析,并用毛细管色谱法进行了部分定量分析.用Ames试验(用TA1537、TA98和TA100三株菌.加与不加S-1)对其致突变活性进行了研究.并对有机致突变物在不同污染区、不同季节的变化规律及其来源进行了初步探讨.     

Effects of fluoride on growth and reproduction of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

This paper deals with effects of airborne fluorine on the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker), by rearing the larvae on the wheat foliage exposed to HF or fumigating the larvae on the artificial diet with the pollutant. Larval relative growth rate (GR) and index of population trend of the insect reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively, when the larvae were reared on the foliage taken from the wheat plants exposed to 0.87 g·dm-2·day-1 of fluorine compared with those of the control. An extra instar appeared in a majority of the larvae treated. Survival rate and GR of the larvae on the wheat plant being exposure to the same concentration of fluorine in field open-top fumigation device were 40% and 15% lower than that of the control, respectively. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet also showed that direct impact of the pollutant on the army worm was greater than its indirect effect via their host plant.     

野外环境教育活动的设计

叙述了发展野外环境教育活动的必要性，提出了开展野外环境教育活动的３种设计类型即描述解释型，验证假设型和设计发现型。结合实例说明了野外环境教育活动的设计与评估。     

An approach to the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone

In this paper,the relationship among land productivity,population pressure and the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone is analyzed,taking coumties and banners of southeast Inner Mongolia plateau as an example,which is the most fragile part in the farming and husbandry interleaving belt of north China due to its severe desertification degree and low level of economic development.The Cv for the total output value of agriculture decreases from southeast to northwest,with the same rule as which the overloading population cumulated distributes,and both indicators have close relation with the high linear coefficient of 0.83.These reveal the fluctuation mechanism for ecotone:fluctuation of the level of economic development is a scientific and practical measure both to weakness degree and to instability of ecotone,because it is a synthesized response to the variation of climate as well as irrational land uses,which reinforce and magnify the fluctuation.In detail,the heavier the population overloading,the severer the grassland reclamation,the stronger the dependence of regional productivity on rainfall,the lower the level of economic development,the rougher the fluctuation of ecotone,but the weaker the PRED system.     

磁场对酪氨酸酶活性及其催化降解酚类有机物影响的研究

研究了恒磁场对酪氨酸酶(TYR)活性及其催化降解酚类有机物的影响.结果显示,不同磁场强度(10～350 mT)处理下TYR酶活性均有提高,最佳磁场强度150mT下酶活力提高了27.1%.不同磁化时间下TYR酶活都有上升,但磁化60min后酶活上升幅度有所下降.酶经磁场处理后对温度、pH值稳定性增强,在温度为20～35 ℃、pH为5.0～10.0时均能保持较高活性,最佳温度为25℃,最佳pH为7.0;磁化后TYR酶的Michaelis常数Km为3.83 mmol·L-1,未磁化的Michaelis常数Km为2.65 mmol·L-1.磁场作用可促进TYR对酚类有机物邻苯二酚、苯酚、2,4-二氯酚的转化,反应速度依次递减,磁化处理对邻苯二酚反应的促进作用尤其明显;磁化处理后的酶对不同浓度苯酚和2,4-二氯酚的去除率均明显高于未磁化处理的酶,且随着酶用量增加,酚去除率提高.荧光发射光谱分析表明,磁化酪氨酸酶的荧光强度增强,构像发生了变化.     

渣油－水乳化液作为路面抑尘剂的研究

为了有效抑制汽车运输路面的扬尘，选择低浓度渣油－水乳化液作为抑尘剂，通过在实验室大量的试验，掌握了一组渣油乳化的最佳配方及其制备工艺，即渣油３％－６％，乳化剂约０．５％，水９３．５％－９６．５％，制备温度＞７０℃．经过室内和现场大规模试验表明，当路面喷洒量达到２．２ｋｇ／ｍ２时，其有效抑生时间达到１０ｄ以上，并且在一定程度起到养路的作用，长期使用可取得显著的综合经济效益．     

再论次生石英岩型非金属矿床

次生石英岩型非金属矿床明显受不同级别的火山构造控制,是中—酸性火山岩区一套很有特色的矿床组合;热源、水源、地层产状有机组合生成的环流热液是成矿的前提之一;成矿流体以重碳酸盐型、硫酸盐型为主,属中—低盐度热液;温度、pH值、fo_2等物理化学条件是矿床及矿种类刑的重要控制因素。本文在《次生石英岩容矿型非金属矿床系列的矿种、组合及其成矿作用特征》(1986)一文基础上,进一步总结这类矿床的成矿机理和地质地球化学模式。