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241.
从"阳光体育"助推学校体育管理变革出发,借鉴和运用利益相关者理论,分析我国学校体育管理变革的逻辑基础以及划分出不同的利益相关者,指出学校体育管理变革实质上就是各利益相关者之间利益博弈或行为协作的制度变迁过程,其结果是各利益相关者对学校体育资源及其附属品的再分配,其中利益冲突是变革的核心内容,而造成利益冲突的原因是多方面的。走向利益均衡是学校体育管理变革的基本价值取向。 相似文献
242.
A 100 year sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution in a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Chaohu, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Zan F Huo S Xi B Su J Li X Zhang J Yeager KM 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(10):2788-2797
This study has worked on the evaluation of the temporal and spatial evolution of heavy metal contamination in sediment taken from a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Chaohu, China, over the last 100 years, and thereby used (137)Cs and (210)Pb dating, a PIRLA procedure, statistical analysis, geochemical normalization and a enrichment factor calculation (EF). Concentrations of 5174, 29?325, 10.7, 36.4, 20.4, 386.0, 21.1 and 38.4 mg kg(-1) for Ti, Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn, respectively, are proposed as natural background values for the Lake Chaohu based on a PIRLA procedure. The contamination history from the last 100 years can be divided into two periods. Before the 1960s, heavy metal contamination did not occur and there was no spatial difference for heavy metal distribution. Since the 1960s, heavy metal enrichment and contamination has occurred, and the west half of the lake region showed a higher degree of contamination than the east half to various intensified anthropogenic activities. In the east half of the lake region, the anthropogenic source of heavy metals mainly originated from agricultural intensification, whereas in the west half of the lake it originated from city runoff and industry as well as agriculture. In all anthropogenic heavy metals, Co is only from industry. 相似文献
243.
Phosphorus fractionation in different trophic sediments of lakes from different regions, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The characteristics of organic phosphorus (P(o)) fractions in the sediments of nine lakes from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region, Yungui Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Northeast China Region, and Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau, China were investigated and the differences of the different lakes on P fractionation was discussed. The results indicated that organic matter (OM) showed significant positive correlations with P(o) in sediment samples, and the rank order of the P(o) fractions was: residual P(o) > HCl-P(o) > fulvic acid-P(o) > humic acid-P(o) > NaHCO(3)-P(o) with mean relative proportions 7.4 : 3.4 : 2.4 : 1.7 : 1.0. The labile and moderately labile P(o) were the main fractions in the sediments for shallow eutrophic lakes except for Lake Qilu, however, nonlabile P(o) was dominant in the sediments from deep lakes. Labile P(o) was significantly correlated with total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (P(i)), P(o), NaHCO(3)-P(i), HCl-P(i) and NaOH-P(i), and the nonlabile P(o) was significantly and positively related to OM, TP, P(o) and NaOH-P(i). 相似文献
244.
Xiaowei Wang Beidou Xi Shouliang Huo Wenjun Sun Hongwei Pan Jingtian Zhang Yuqing Ren Hongliang Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(7):1281-1290
Characterization, treatment and releases of eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wastewater were evaluated along the treatment processes of a typical secondary treatment municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) (in Hefei City) situated the beside Nanfei River, East China. The findings showed that the average concentrations of the total PBDEs in raw wastewater and treated effluent were 188.578 and 36.884 ng/L respectively. Brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 209 congener, the predominant PBDE in the STP and Nanfei River, could be related to the discharge of car-industry-derived wastes. For PAHs, the average concentrations in raw wastewater and treated effluent were 5758.8 and 2240.4 ng/L respectively, with naphthalene, benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene being detected at the highest concentrations. PAHs mainly originate from the combustion of biomass/coal and petroleum. The STP reduced about 80% of the PBDEs and 61% of the PAHs, which were eliminated mainly by sedimentation processes. The removal rates of PBDEs/PAHs increased with the increase of their solid-water partitioning coefficients. Accordingly, the STP's effluent, containing some PBDE congeners (e.g., BDE 47, 99 and 209, etc.) and low-molecular-weight PAHs, could be an important contributor of these contaminants' input to Nanfei River. It resulted in a significant increase of PBDE/PAH concentrations and PAH toxicological risk in the river water downstream. About 4.040 kg/yr of PBDEs and 245.324 kg/yr of PAHs could be released into the Nanfei River. The current conventional wastewater treatment processes should be improved to remove the relatively low-molecular-weight PBDEs/PAHs more effectively. 相似文献
245.
A model to determine the lake nutrient standards for drinking water sources in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Ecoregion, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Danfeng Ji Beidou Xi Jing Su Shouliang Huo Li He Hongliang Liu Queping Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(9):1773-1783
Lake eutrophication (LE) has become an increasingly severe environmental problem recently. However, there has been no nutrient standard established for LE control in many developing countries such as China. This study proposes a structural equation model to assist in the establishment of a lake nutrient standard for drinking water sources in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Ecoregion (Yungui Ecoregion), China. The modeling results indicate that the most predictive indicator for designated use-attainment is total phosphorus (TP) (total effect =-0.43), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) is recommended as the second important indicator (total effect =-0.41). The model is further used for estimating the probability of use-attainment associated with lake water as a drinking water source and various levels of candidate criteria (based on the reference conditions and the current environmental quality standards for surface water). It is found that these candidate criteria cannot satisfy the designated 100% use-attainment. To achieve the short-term target (85% attainment of the designated use), TP and Chl-a values ought to be less than 0.02 mg/L and 1.4 μg/L, respectively. When used as a long-term target (90% or greater attainment of the designated use), the TP and Chl-a values are suggested to be less than 0.018 mg/L and 1 μg/L, respectively. 相似文献
246.
用食藻虫引导沉水植物生态修复工程技术对上海市临港新城果园镇里塘河道富营养化水体进行了工程治理和生态修复,辅以种植沉水植物,采取开放式生态修复和治理。每月水质跟踪检测结果表明:该工程治理方法具有显著生态修复效果,水质得到明显改善;CODMn、TN、TP在最低平均值时分别比生态修复前下降了60.67%、85.36%、88.74%;氨氮、亚硝态氮和叶绿素a在生态修复中的最低平均值分别为0.088 mg/L、0.024 mg/L和5.31 mg/m3;试验期间,修复区水体TN、TP、NO2-N、NH4-N和CODMn显著低于对照区,水体透明度(SD)平均为150~180 cm,水质达到国家Ⅱ~Ⅲ类地表水水质标准。 相似文献
247.
248.
In this article, we hypothesize that in addition to participation status and household characteristics, the impact of China’s
Sloping Land Conversion Program on income growth and labor transfer is determined by local economic conditions, program range,
and political leadership, and the degree of impact on income may vary among different economic sectors. To test these propositions,
we have compiled a panel data set of 600 households in three counties in the Loess Plateau region, with observations for times
both prior to and after the program’s inception (1999 and 2006), for both aggregate and categorical incomes, and for both
participating and non-participating households. Using a difference in differences model and repeated cross-sectional data,
we find that participation status, local economic conditions, program extent, and political leadership indeed have significant
impacts on household income and off-farm employment. Moreover, the effects of participation on crop production income, animal
husbandry income, and off-farm income vary substantially. These results carry major policy implications in terms of how to
improve the effectiveness and impact of ecological restoration efforts in and outside of China. 相似文献
249.
Dan Xiao Zhaofeng Lyu Shiheng Chen Yang Huo Wei Fan Mingxin Huo 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(9):112
250.
Zhe Yuan Denghua Yan Zhiyong Yang Jijun Xu Junjun Huo Yanlai Zhou Cheng Zhang 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2018,23(1):27-49
Climate variability and human activities are two driving factors in the hydrological cycle. The analysis of river basin hydrological response to this change in the past and future is scientifically essential for the improvement of water resource and land management. Using a water balance model based on Fu’ equation, the attribution of climate variability and land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) for natural runoff decrease was quantitatively assessed in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). With five general circulation model (GCM) s’ output provided by The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP), future runoff in the context of climate change was projected. The results show that (1) compared with other distributed hydrological models, the water balance model in this study has fewer parameters and simpler calculation methods, thus having advantages in hydrological simulation and projection in large scale; (2) during the last 50 years, the annual precipitation and runoff have decreased, while the mean temperature has increased in the YRB. The decrease of natural runoff between natural period (1961 to 1985) and impacted period (1986 to 2011) could be attributed to 27.1–49.8 and 50.2–72.9% from climate variability and LUCC, respectively. As the LUCC is the major driving factor of the decrease in the upper and middle reaches of the YRB, policymakers could focus on water resources management. While climate variability makes more contribution in the middle and lower reaches of the YRB, it is essential to study the impact of future climate change on water resources under different climate change scenarios, for planning and management agencies; (3) temperature and precipitation in the YRB were predicted to increase under RCP4.5. It means that the YRB will become warmer and wetter in the future. If we assume the land-use/land-cover condition during 2011 to 2050 is the same as that during 1986 to 2011, future annual average natural runoff in the YRB will increase by 14.4 to 16.8%. However, future runoff will still be lower than the average value during 1961 to 1985. In other words, although future climate change will cause the increase of natural runoff in the YRB, the negative effect of underlying surface condition variation is stronger. It is necessary to promote the sustainable development and utilization of water resources and to enhance adaptation capacity so as to reduce the vulnerability of the water resources system to climate change and human activities. 相似文献