甲醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂的研究(Ⅰ)──单组分催化剂对甲醇的深度氧化

利用色谱－微反联用技术对甲醇深度氧化进行了研究。结果表明：甲醇在所有催化剂上氧化时均产生副产物甲醛及甲酸甲酯;非贵金属氧化物催化剂以Ｃｕ－Ｏ／ｒ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的活性最优,其最佳负载量为１０％－２０％,不同的制备方法中以均匀沉淀法制备的催化剂最好;贵金属催化剂中Ａｇ／ｒ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的活性较好,其甲醇氧化的Ｔ５０,Ｔ９５分别只有１３５℃和１９０℃,而且伴生的甲醛及甲酸甲酯浓度也较低。不同催化剂的活性与其     

煤中汞及其对环境的影响

本文简要综述了煤中汞的分布规律、赋存状态、成因及燃烧过程中迁移转化和对环境的影响     

数字式光学测尘仪对不同呼吸性粉尘浓度转换系数的求取

本文论述了用BY-1型呼吸性粉尘标定采样器,在云南锡业公司矿山和冶炼厂现场测定、求取P-5L_2型和TM型光学测尘仪的读数与呼吸性粉尘(空气动力学直径:<7.07μm和<10μm)质量浓度转换系数(K)的方法和结果.研究表明,由深色矿物组成的粉尘,其K值大于由浅色矿物组成的粉尘的K值.P-5L_2型光学测尘仪间的测尘误差85％以上在±10％以内,平均为±6.68％.     

中国城市污水处理厂污泥处理、处置问题探讨分析

明确了有关污泥处理、处置的术语和定义,通过对我国污水处理厂污水处理工艺与污泥处理、处置现状的调查分析,认为污水处理工艺与污泥处理和最终处置方式有关;同时对污水处理厂污泥处理、处置中土地利用问题和处理、处置费用问题进行探讨,并提出了相关建议.     

溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制

研究离子液体溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐([C₁₄mim]Br)对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制。实验设立3个剂量的染毒组(1/16 LD₅₀、1/8 LD₅₀、1/4 LD₅₀)和1个空白对照组,考察昆明种小鼠染毒14 d后,[C₁₄mim]Br对小鼠血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化产物的影响,并观察肝脏组织的病理变化。与对照组相比,小鼠染毒后,血清中ALT、AST、DBIL和γ-GT明显升高;肝组织受到不同程度的损伤,HSI增大,蛋白质含量降低。当染毒剂量为1/4 LD₅₀时,肝脏中SOD活性和GSH-Px活性显著降低,MDA的含量则明显增加。实验结果表明,[C₁₄mim]Br可损伤小鼠的肝脏功能,破坏机体的抗氧化防御系统,造成氧化损伤和脂质过氧化。     

Habitat type determines herbivory controls over CO2 fluxes in a warmer Arctic

High-latitude ecosystems store large amounts of carbon (C); however, the C storage of these ecosystems is under threat from both climate warming and increased levels of herbivory. In this study we examined the combined role of herbivores and climate warming as drivers of CO2 fluxes in two typical high-latitude habitats (mesic heath and wet meadow). We hypothesized that both herbivory and climate warming would reduce the C sink strength of Arctic tundra through their combined effects on plant biomass and gross ecosystem photosynthesis and on decomposition rates and the abiotic environment. To test this hypothesis we employed experimental warming (via International Tundra Experiment [ITEX] chambers) and grazing (via captive Barnacle Geese) in a three-year factorial field experiment. Ecosystem CO2 fluxes (net ecosystem exchange of CO2, ecosystem respiration, and gross ecosystem photosynthesis) were measured in all treatments at varying intensity over the three growing seasons to capture the impact of the treatments on a range of temporal scales (diurnal, seasonal, and interannual). Grazing and warming treatments had markedly different effects on CO2 fluxes in the two tundra habitats. Grazing caused a strong reduction in CO2 assimilation in the wet meadow, while warming reduced CO2 efflux from the mesic heath. Treatment effects on net ecosystem exchange largely derived from the modification of gross ecosystem photosynthesis rather than ecosystem respiration. In this study we have demonstrated that on the habitat scale, grazing by geese is a strong driver of net ecosystem exchange of CO2, with the potential to reduce the CO2 sink strength of Arctic ecosystems. Our results highlight that the large reduction in plant biomass due to goose grazing in the Arctic noted in several studies can alter the C balance of wet tundra ecosystems. We conclude that herbivory will modulate direct climate warming responses of Arctic tundra with implications for the ecosystem C balance; however, the magnitude and direction of the response will be habitat-specific.     

圆齿野鸦椿 Euscaphic konishii Hayata的生态生物学特性

圆齿野鸦椿 Euscaphis konishii Hayata是中国特有的常绿小乔木,为潜在的优良园林绿化、观果树种.文章对其树形与冠幅、叶片的形态解剖结构、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔传导率、叶绿素含量、叶面积、生物量和生产力、植物营养元素等进行了系统的研究,研究表明:它属中性树种,种子较小,其光合曲线为单峰型,光合速率平均值为5.62μmol·m-2·s-1,蒸腾速率为3.6 mmol·m-2·s-1,其气孔导度较大,水分利用效率低,苗期需荫蔽,长大后则需一定光照.圆齿野鸦椿生物量较低,其一年生苗平均生物量是(42.35±8.93)g,为中等生长速度,其苗期根系不深,可用一般营养袋育苗.圆齿野鸦椿体内加权平均养分含量较低,需要生于土壤肥沃、酸性、疏松、排水透气好、营养条件较好的地方或进行施肥.若要大量开发圆齿野鸦椿资源,需要考虑它的这些生态生物学特征,在其苗期与生长期采取不同的栽培管理措施.     

Modelling tritrophic interactions mediated by induced defence volatiles

Many plant species defend themselves against herbivorous insects indirectly by producing and releasing induced volatiles to attract natural enemies of the herbivores. In this paper, we consider the recruitment of natural enemies attracted by plant-induced volatiles and introduce the An–Liu–Johnson–Lovett model into the Lotka–Volterra model in an attempt to add this missing vital link in tritrophic interaction. Increase in attraction strength of plant-induced volatiles to the natural enemy leads to high fluctuation amplitude of plant biomass and herbivore population. When the attack strength of natural enemies reaches a certain level, fluctuation amplitude of plant biomass and herbivore population will decrease and plant biomass will approach to its environmental carrying capacity. The simulation demonstrates that plant volatile compounds induced by insects have led to the introduction of a third tritrophic level, e.g., natural enemies, into the plant–herbivore system, resulting in the coexistence of plants, insects, and natural enemies during the evolution process.     

Cd对前沟藻(Amphidinium hoefleri)生产二甲基硫(DMS)影响的实验研究

为了探讨Ｃｄ污染对海藻ＤＭＳ生产的可能影响,以模拟实验方法,为期３周进行Ｃｄ对海洋甲藻类的前沟藻（Ａｍｐｈｉｄｉｎｉｕｍ ｈｏｅｆｌｅｒｉ）生产ＤＭＳ的实验室研究。结果表明,Ｃｄ可以抑制前沟藻种数数量的增长,对照组藻细胞最大数量是高浓度组（１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的２５倍;Ｃｄ可以促进前沟藻细胞生产ＤＭＳ,其中高浓度组细胞ＤＭＳ产率大约是对照组的１０倍;Ｃｄ对藻数量的抑制作用和对藻生产ＤＭＳ的促进作用共同作     

煤中As赋存状态的逐级化学提取研究

应用５步法逐级化学提取研究了２个烟煤和３个无烟煤样品中微量Ａｓ（０．６６μｇ－５．２６μｇ／ｇ）的赋存状态,研究表明应用逐级化学提取方法可以有效地定量研究煤中微量Ａｓ的赋存状态;煤中Ａｓ含量较低时,Ａｓ仍然有多种赋存状态,当煤灰分（主要是粘土矿物）较低时主要是进入有机质中,当灰分较高时主要进入粘土的晶格。