糖蜜酒精废水两相UASB处理有机物去除特征

应用气相色谱研究了糖蜜酒精废水两相ＵＡＳＢ处理工艺段中有机物的去除情况,结果表明,酸化反应器内,易降解有机物的去除率上为１００％,产甲烷段反应器内,因易降解化合物在酸化反应器内大部分被去除,剩下的化合物的在该段反应器内去除率偏小,仅为８０％。质谱结果证实,进水中的酚类化合物经两级处理后,被有效去除。     

武夷山自然保护区资源管理中社区参与机制的探讨

武夷山自然保护区在处理自然保护与社区发展之间的关系以及推动社区参与保护区管理方面已取得了一些成功的经验。但是,从当地现有的社区参与管理的模式来看,不仅社区参与程度较低,而且在某种程度上处于被动参与状态,保护区缺少一种激励机制来引导群众自觉参与保护。作者提出了在保护区建立旅游股份合作制公司的构想,并阐述了其运行机制。     

氯酚类化合物测定方法研究进展

总结了近年来氯酚类(CPs)化合物测定的常用方法,对每种方法的检出限、线性范围及优缺点作了详细的论述,重点介绍了分光光度法、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、流动注射-化学发光法、电化学法、毛细管电泳法等方面的应用。     

Impact of clouds and aerosols on ozone production in Southeast Texas

A radiative transfer model and photochemical box model are used to examine the effects of clouds and aerosols on actinic flux and photolysis rates, and the impacts of changes in photolysis rates on ozone production and destruction rates in a polluted urban environment like Houston, Texas. During the TexAQS-II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project the combined cloud and aerosol effects reduced j(NO₂) photolysis frequencies by nominally 17%, while aerosols reduced j(NO₂) by 3% on six clear sky days. Reductions in actinic flux due to attenuation by clouds and aerosols correspond to reduced net ozone formation rates with a nearly one-to-one relationship. The overall reduction in the net ozone production rate due to reductions in photolysis rates by clouds and aerosols was approximately 8 ppbv h^?1.     

2001-2012年天津市大气降水特征及化学成分分析

为了解天津市大气降水特征及化学成分变化规律,对2001-2012年天津市酸雨监测资料进行了统计分析.结果表明:2001-2012年,天津市降水pH在波动中总体升高,但升高趋势不显著;酸雨率则呈显著下降趋势;降水pH从春季到冬季呈直线下降趋势,酸雨率从春季到冬季总体呈上升趋势;2008-2012年,pH在6.0～7.5的降水样本较多,在这区间,平均降水量越大,则降水pH越低,酸性越强,平均电导率和平均降水量则表现出明显负相关,即平均降水量较小时平均电导率较高;2001-2012年,天津市降水中各离子当量浓度(当量浓度=质量浓度×原子价/化学结构式量)所占比例为SOi-＞Ca2+ ＞NH4+ ＞NO3-＞C1-＞Mg2+ ＞Na+ ＞F-＞K+;对天津市降水起主导中和作用的阳离子为Ca2+,贡献率在56.4％～77.9％,贡献率春季最高,夏季最低,NHt的贡献率在28.4％～44.0％,夏季最高,冬季最低;从2001-2012年天津市降水的SO42-、NO3-当量浓度之比的变化来看,该市酸雨类型经历了从硫酸型或燃煤型到混合型的过渡过程.     

Using enriched stable isotope technique to study Cu bioaccumulation and bioavailability in Corbicula fluminea from Taihu Lake,China

In this study, we measured trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in water and sediment from representative sites of Taihu Lake, with focus on the analysis of trace metal accumulation in Corbicula fluminea (bivalve). The results showed that the quality of water in Taihu Lake was generally good and the correlation was not found between Cu bioaccumulation in C. fluminea and the concentration in water and sediment. Thus, using the stable isotope tracer method, we studied Cu uptake from the water phase, the assimilation of Cu from the food phase, and the efflux of Cu in vivo by C. fluminea. The result revealed that this species exhibited a relatively lower efflux rate constant of Cu compared with other zoobenthos species. Using a simple bioenergetics-based kinetic model, Cu concentrations in the C. fluminea were calculated with the measured efflux rate. We put forward a novel method, which was taking the influence of biological kinetic on metal bioaccumulation into account to explain the field survey data.     

臭氧氧化6-APA制药厂生化处理出水的特性及动力学

通过现场实验研究了6-APA制药厂生化处理出水的臭氧氧化特性及其动力学规律。结果表明,当臭氧浓度为27．5mg／L,气水接触时间为80min时,COD、UV254、NH3-N和色度的去除率分别可达72．95％、73．28％、72％和96．25％,达到《发酵类制药废水工业水污染物排放标准》（GB21903—2008）排放控制要求。拟合结果表明,在0～10、10～30和30～90min时段内,臭氧氧化过程遵循拟一级反应,但反应速率逐渐降低。当气水接触时间为30min时,废水可生化性可由0．1提高至0．35,采用臭氧／生物处理的联合工艺也有望使出水达到相同的排放控制要求。     

当代大学生艰苦奋斗精神教育探析

在新的历史时期,对大学生进行艰苦奋斗精神的教育,是加强大学生思想道德建设的一项重要内容.本文通过对当代大学生艰苦奋斗精神弱化的主要表现,以及艰苦奋斗精神缺失原因的分析,指出加强当代大学生艰苦奋斗精神教育的对策,即着眼时代精神和现实意义,充实和改进艰苦奋斗教育的内容形式;加强主体性教育,增强学生自我教育和管理的能力;充分发挥校园文化的导向功能,积极营造崇尚节俭、鼓励奋斗的浓厚氛围.     

Spatial Dynamics of Soil Moisture in a Complex Terrain in the Semi‐Arid Loess Plateau Region,China1

Abstract: Soil moisture is an important hydrological variable in reforestation practices in a water‐limited region of the Loess Plateau of northwestern China. The objective of this study was to quantify the spatial dynamics of soil moisture on a complex terrain. During 2004‐2006, a total of 313 sample points in two kinds of grid (2 × 2 m and 20 × 20 m) were arranged for soil moisture measurements (two soil layers: 0‐30 and 30‐60 cm) with Time Domain Reflectometry. The geostatistical properties of soil moisture patterns, the variance and correlation structure of the soil moisture, and the effects of terrain factors on soil moisture were analyzed. The results suggested that our sampling grid captured the spatial variability of soil moisture distributions for this complex terrain. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis statistics showed that soil moisture decreased as slope gradient increased; that sunny aspects (112.5°‐292.5°) had relatively lower soil moisture than did shady aspects (292.5°‐112.5°); that soil moisture was lowest in the SWW direction and highest in the NWN direction; and that hillslope aspect was the main factor affecting soil moisture in the 0‐ to 30‐cm soil layer, whereas the main factor for the 30‐ to 60‐cm layer was slope gradient. It was found that the relative values of soil moisture for steep slopes (>36%) with shady aspect (292.5°‐112.5°), gentle slopes (<36%) with sunny aspect (112.5°‐292.5°), and steep slopes with sunny aspect were 99, 82, and 80, respectively – assuming a soil moisture value of 100 for gentle slopes with shady aspect. The results of this study are expected to be relevant to and useful for reforestation planning and design, parameterization of distributed hydrology models, and land productivity assessment in the study region.     

海上溢油下潜过程特征的实验考察

海上溢油行为的研究是预测其归宿、控制其危害的关键所在。由于目前对溢油下潜于水时所受多因素影响、经历多个子过程的综合效应不清,文章用挡板烧瓶模拟波浪,考察其行为特征。结果表明:波浪类型对下潜率影响最大,破碎波和规则波下油的下潜率差异可达79.8%;上浮过程的影响可使得下潜率随时间出现最大值,随分散剂含量的增加有最大值。对比静置中下潜率的变化规律,可认为波浪通过夹带和破碎作用使油下潜,分散剂则增加了下潜稳定性。实验结果可对海面溢油下潜过程的预测提供理论依据和实验数据。