人工湿地对提高春小麦抗逆性的作用

黄河上游白银段,污水灌溉导致了春小麦的抗逆性下降。研究利用人工湿地处理受污黄灌水的春小麦,对提高春小麦抗逆性的作用。结果显示:人工湿地能够高效降低重金属在灌溉水中的含量,从而显著的(P<0.05)提高了春小麦的抗逆性,减轻了氧化损伤。因此,人工湿地可用于灌溉水的前处理中,以达提高灌溉水质量,从而减轻污灌水对春小麦的危害,确保农作物的安全和清洁生产。     

西宁市PREE系统恢复力的定量评价

从社会-生态恢复力出发,引入PREE系统恢复力的内涵、特性以及研究意义;并从PREE系统结构确立恢复力定量评价的指标体系;提出用极差标准化对数据标准化、变异系数法确定权重等评价方法。然后实例对西宁市PREE系统恢复力进行了定量评价。评价结果表明西宁市PREE系统恢复力呈逐渐上升趋势,各子系统对于综合恢复力贡献大小不一,经济子系统对综合恢复力贡献最大,其次是环境子系统。     

潜流构造湿地去除农田排水中氮的研究

对潜流构造湿地处理农业面源污水的脱氮效果进行了中试研究.研究证明潜流湿地氮去除效率和水力停留时间呈正相关关系,芦苇床的脱氮效果明显好于茭草床和空白床,名义水力停留时间大于5d时,芦苇、茭草潜流湿地脱氮效率可以达到60%以上.氮的去除满足一级推流反应动力学关系,空白床、芦苇床和茭草床的一级反应动力学常数K分别为0.14、0.26和0.20d^-.微生物的反硝化是人工湿地脱氮的主要途径,植物吸收总氮量仅占入水量的15%左右.     

除草剂苄嘧磺隆在土壤中的吸附

应用平衡法研究了除草剂苄嘧磺隆在8种土壤中的吸附特性．结果表明,土壤对苄嘧磺隆有很强的吸附性,且随供试土壤理化性质的差异其吸附性呈明显变化．苄嘧磺隆在土壤中的吸附符合Fruendlich方程,其在土壤中的吸附常数Kf与土壤有机质、粘粒含量呈显著正相关(r＝0．7393*和0．7751*,p＜0．05),与土壤pH呈显著负相关(r＝0．7068*,p＜0．05)．苄嘧磺隆在土壤上的吸附自由能为11．45—13．38KJ／mol,表明苄嘧磺隆在土壤中的吸附以物理作用为主。     

北京气象塔夏季大气O3,NOx和CO浓度变化的观测实验

以北京325m气象塔为观测平台,于2002年夏季进行了大气污染物臭氧(O₃)及其前体物氮氧化物(NO_x)和气象要素加强期的同步观测.对观测资料做了详尽的分析,结果表明:边界层内存在明显的臭氧浓度(用体积分数表示)垂直差异;中午120m高度层存在O₃浓度最大值;低层O₃浓度呈明显的日变化,且昼夜振幅较大;夜间高层(280m)O₃的湍流混合和化学消耗较弱,可维持较高的浓度;局地光化学生成是白天边界层O₃的主要来源;降水天气过程可造成O₃及其前体物浓度的显著变化.     

城市居住区地下车库噪声影响的计算机模拟预测

运用随机点声源模型对城市居住区地下车库出入口噪声进行计算机模拟预测,通过实测值和预测值的比较,该预测模型精度较好.运用该模型预测规划与新建的居住区地下车库的噪声影响,可为城市小区建设规划中有效控制噪声污染提供科学参考依据.     

Growth and phosphate uptake kinetics of Microcystis aeruginosa under various environmental conditions

Growth and uptake of exogenous phosphate by Microcystis aeruginosa in batch culture under different temperature, photoperiod, and turbulence were studied by the method of phosphate isotope tracer. Relatively high temperature, long photoperiod and strong turbulence increased the cell density of M. aeruginosa in these batch cultures. The initial rapid uptake of phosphate by M. aeruginosa was independent of the temperature, photoperiod, and turbulence. Similarly, maximum exogenous phosphate uptake was not related to these environmental factors. However, elevated temperature and turbulence shortened the time, required to obtain maximum P accumulation. The growth of M. aeruginosa could alleviate the phosphorous leakage. Total amounts of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa and the phosphorus leakage of M. aeruginosa were significantly influenced by the growth state of M. aeruginosa closely correlated with the environmental factors. The maximum volume of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa was 46% of added exogenous phosphate in water with 16 hours of photoperiod. Thus, total amounts of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa were more strongly affected by the photoperiod length than temperature and turbulence.     

Performance of a subsurface-flow constructed wetland in southern China

IntroductionTheconstructedwetlandshavebecomeaglobaltechnologyforwaterpollutioncontrolbothindevelopedanddevelopingcountries(Seidal,196 6 ,1976 ;Kickuth ,1977;Cooper,1995 ;IWA ,2 0 0 0 ) .Recentinventoriesindicatedthattherearemorethan 6 0 0 0andmorethan 10 …     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperatureKE

A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2.8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), With a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26(1℃, pH 7.0-7.5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95.4% at 16 h to 93.8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88.5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0.265 to 3.08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0.308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4-hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H2/CO2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H2/CO2 to methane. The role of epsilon-Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.     

Preparation and emission characteristics of ethanol-diesel fuel blends

The preparation of ethanol-diesel fuel blends and their emission characteristics were investigated. Results showed the absolute ethanol can dissolve in diesel fuel at an arbitrary ratio and a small quantity of water(0.2% ) addition can lead to the phase separation of blends. An organic additive was synthesized and it can develop the ability of resistance to water and maintain the stability of ethanol-diesel-trace amounts of water system. The emission characteristics of 10%, 20%, and 30% ethanol-diesel fuel blends, with or without additives, were compared with those of diesel fuel in a direct injection(DI) diesel engine. The experimental results indicated that the blend of ethanol with diesel fuel significantly reduced the concentrations of smoke, hydrocarbon(HC), and carbon monoxide(CO) in exhaust gas. Using 20% ethanol-diesel fuel blend with the additive of 2% of the total volume, the optimum mixing ratio was achieved, at which the bench diesel engine testing showed a significant decrease in exhaust gas. Bosch smoke number was reduced by 55%, HC emission by 70%, and CO emission by 45%, at 13 kW/1540 r/min. However, ethanol-diesel fuel blends produced a few ppm acetaldehydes and more ethanol in exhaust gas.