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Ian D. Leith Lucy J. Sheppard David Fowler J. Neil Cape Matt Jones Alan Crossley Ken J. Hargreaves Y. Sim Tang Mark Theobald Mark R. Sutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):207-218
Providing an accurate estimate of the dry component of N deposition to low N background, semi-natural habitats, such as bogs and upland moors dominated by Calluna vulgaris is difficult, but essential to relate nitrogen deposition to effects in these communities. To quantify the effects of NH3 inputs to moorland vegetation growing on a bog at a field scale, a field release NH3 fumigation system was established at Whim Moss (Scottish Borders) in 2002. Gaseous NH3 from a line source was released along of a 60 m transect, when meteorological conditions (wind speed >2.5 m s?1 and wind direction in the sector 180–215°) were met, thereby providing a profile of decreasing NH3 concentration with distance from the source. In a complementary study, using a NH3 flux chamber system, the relationships between NH3 concentrations and cuticular resistances were quantified for a range of NH3 concentrations and micrometeorological conditions for moorland vegetation. Cuticular resistances increased with NH3 concentration from 11 s m?1 at 3.0 μg m?3 to 30 s m?1 at 30 μg m?3. The NH3 concentration data and the concentration-dependent canopy resistance are used to calculate NH3 deposition taking into account leaf surface wetness. The implications of using an NH3 concentration-dependent cuticular resistance and the importance for refining critical loads are discussed. 相似文献
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For (134/137)Cs, and many other soil contaminants, research into transfer to plants has focused on particular crops and phytoremediation candidates, producing uptake data for a small proportion of all plant taxa. Despite the significance of differences in uptake between plant taxa, the capacity of soil-to-plant transfer models to predict them is currently confined to those taxa for which data exist, there being no method to predict uptake by other taxa. We used residual maximum likelihood (REML) analysis on data from experiments (including 89 plant taxa from China plus 32 phytoremediation candidates) together with data from the literature, to construct a database of relative (134/137)Cs concentrations in 273 plant taxa. The REML (134/137)Cs concentrations in plants are not normally distributed but significantly clustered. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), coded with a recent ordinal phylogeny for flowering plants, showed that plant taxa do not behave independently for (134/137)Cs concentration because 42 and 15% of inter-taxa differences are associated with phylogeny above the species and ordinal level, respectively. In general, Eudicots, and especially the Caryophyllales, Asterales, and Brassicales, have high (134/137)Cs concentrations, while the Fabales and Magnoliids, in particular Poales, have low (134/137)Cs concentrations. Plants of the stress-tolerant ruderal (S-R) growth strategy sensu Grime have, in general, high concentrations of Cs, while those of the competitive (C) and generalist (C-S-R) strategies have low concentrations, although these effects are less pronounced than those of phylogeny. Plant phylogeny and growth strategy might thus be used to predict a significant portion of inter-taxa differences in plant uptake of (134/137)Cs. 相似文献
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Xiaorong Meng Shanshan Huo Lei Wang Xudong Wang Yongtao Lv Weiting Tang Rui Miao Danxi Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2017,11(2):2
Negatively charged carboxymethylated polyethersulfone (CMPES) and positively charged quaternized polyethersulfone (QAPES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared by bulk chemical modification and non-solvent induced phase separation method. The effects of PES membrane interfacial electrokinetic property on the bovine serum albumin (BSA) membrane fouling behavior were studied with the aid of the membrane-modified colloidal atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe. Electrokinetic test results indicated that the streaming potential (ΔE) of QAPES membrane was not consistent with its expected IEC value, however, within the pH range of 3–10, the ζ potentials of two charged-modified PES membranes were more stable than the unmodified membrane. When pH value was 3, 4.7 or 9, the interaction behavior between charged PES membrane and BSA showed that there was significant linear correlation between the jump distance r 0 of membrane-BSA adhesion force (F/R) and the ζ potential absolute value. Charged modification significantly reduced the adhesion of PES membrane-BSA, and the adhesion data was good linear correlated with the flux decline rate in BSA filtration process, especially reflected in the CMPES membrane. The above experimental facts proved that the charged membrane interfacial electric double layer structure and its electrokinetic property had strong ties with the protein membrane fouling behavior. 相似文献
87.
PCBs污染土壤的CaO诱导低温热处理脱氯研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了低温热处理脱氯技术对废弃电容器封存点附近污染土壤中多氯联苯脱氯的效果,考察反应温度、反应时间及CaO添加比例对PCBs去除率、脱氯率的影响以及反应前后土壤中污染物的组分变化。实验土样中PCBs浓度为107.7 mg/g,属于罕见高浓度PCBs污染土壤。当反应温度为400℃、停留时间4h、CaO添加比例为10%,PCBs的去除率为87.7%,脱氯率为85.3%。土壤样品中五氯联苯和四氯联苯反应后含量降低或未检出,部分反应后样品检出一氯联苯和联苯,说明在CaO诱导PCBs低温热处理脱氯反应中存在逐步脱氯/加氢反应途径。 相似文献
88.
2006~2008年,对长江中游的一个浅水湖泊--肖四海进行了水质和水生植被研究,并结合历史资料分析了肖四海1987~2008年不同渔业发展阶段的水环境特征。研究结果表明:1987~2008年期间,该湖营养状况经历了中营养→富营养→中营养→富营养→中营养的变化过程,沉水植被经历了消亡→恢复→旺盛→衰退的演替过程,这种变化主要受不同阶段的渔业方式的影响。草食性鱼类和河蟹的过量放养、化肥的大量使用以及饵料的大量投放等不合理的渔业方式导致了水生植被的消亡和水体的富营养化,而合理的渔业方式不会对水体环境产生消极影响,并据此提出了长江中下游湖泊渔业可持续发展的建议 相似文献
89.
H. W. Zhang Y. Q. Sun Y. Li X. D. Zhou X. Z. Tang P. Yi A. Murad S. Hussein D. Alshamsi A. Aldahan Z. B. Yu X. G. Chen V. d. P. MUGWANEZA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(8):411
Assessment of groundwater quality plays a significant role in the utilization of the scarce water resources globally and especially in arid regions. The increasing abstraction together with man-made contamination and seawater intrusion have strongly affected groundwater quality in the Arabia Peninsula, exemplified by the investigation given here from the United Arab Emirates, where the groundwater is seldom reviewed and assessed. In the aim of assessing current groundwater quality, we here present a comparison of chemical data linked to aquifers types. The results reveal that most of the investigated groundwater is not suitable for drinking, household, and agricultural purposes following the WHO permissible limits. Aquifer composition and climate have vital control on the water quality, with the carbonate aquifers contain the least potable water compared to the ophiolites and Quaternary clastics. Seawater intrusion along coastal regions has deteriorated the water quality and the phenomenon may become more intensive with future warming climate and rising sea level. 相似文献
90.
为进一步拓展天然高分子絮凝剂壳聚糖的应用范围,以壳聚糖、L-半胱氨酸为原料,通过酰胺化反应制备一种具有重金属捕集功能的高分子重金属絮凝剂-2-氨基-3-巯基丙酰壳聚糖(MCC),研究了水体中常见的阴阳离子、有机配位剂及浊度对MCC除镉性能的影响,探讨了絮体形貌与絮体分形维数及絮凝除镉效果间的关系。结果表明,Na+、Cl-、N03、F-、SO4 2-的存在对MCC除Cd2+均有促进作用,Ca2+表现为明显的抑制作用;低浓度的EDTA对除镉有促进作用,随着EDTA浓度的增大,逐渐转为抑制作用;低浓度的腐殖酸对MCC去除Cd2+有显著的促进作用;在一定范围内,浊度可促进MCC对Cd2+的去除;絮体间空隙越多,絮体分形维数越小,除镉效果越好。 相似文献