强化混凝-光电氧化组合技术深度处理垃圾渗滤液

采用铁锰氧化物+聚合氯化铝(PACI)混凝和光电氧化技术处理已生化处理过的垃圾渗滤液,研究了组合工艺对渗滤液化学需氧量(COD)、总有机碳(TOC)、氨氮和色度的去除效果.结果表明,在一定铁锰复合氧化物投量下,加入PACI共同混凝可以取得较好的有机物去除效果,当铁锰氧化物投舒为600 mg·L-1,PACI投量为100...     

环境磁学在监测城市河流沉积物污染中的应用

环境磁学因简便、快速、经济等特征而逐渐广泛应用于城市环境污染研究,并得到了大量学者的认可.与此同时,对环境磁学污染响应机理的研究也成为当前环境磁学发展突破点.本文选取流经兰州市不同功能区（绿地区、生活区、商业区、工业区）的典型河流——寺儿沟为研究对象,通过环境磁学、元素、粒度等指标对其4个功能区河段沉积物的磁性特征进行...     

贵州高原百花湖水库湖沼学变量特征及环境效应

为了揭示贵州高原百花湖水库湖沼学变量特征及其与突发性水质恶化的关系,对百花湖水库的水文、营养盐及相关理化因子进行了调查.结果表明：百花湖水库表层水温在10.2～27.0℃之间,4—9月形成分层,水体分层结构为单循环混合模式;总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、叶绿素a（Chl.a）和透明度（SD）分别为1.60mg·L-1、0...     

制革污泥焚烧特性及焚烧过程中重金属挥发控制研究

以制革污泥为研究对象进行焚烧处理,并对其燃烧特性进行分析.结果发现,制革污泥燃烧过程中并未出现明显的固定碳燃烧区.同时,将制革污泥与煤粉混合后焚烧,结果显示,制革污泥的比例及挥发分的析出对混合燃料的着火燃烧有显著影响,在低温段(180-450℃),制革污泥比例的增大可提高混合试样的活化性能,且燃烧程度加剧.通过添加Ca...     

不同磷石膏添加量与接种菌根对玉米生长及磷、砷、硫吸收的影响

通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同磷石膏（PG）添加量（0、20、40g·kg-1）和接种3种丛枝菌根真菌（Glomus mosseae（GM）、Glomus aggregatum（GA）、Diversispora spurcum（DS））对玉米生长及其磷、硫、砷吸收的影响.试验结果表明：随磷石膏添加量的提高,土壤有效磷、有效...     

菲在四种碳纳米管上的解吸行为研究

碳纳米材料是当前环境领域关注的热点之一.本研究以菲为模型污染物,以Tenax TA树脂为助解吸剂,研究了菲在4种碳纳米管上的非生物解吸动力学以及碳纳米管理化性质对菲解吸的影响机理.结果表明,当老化60d,碳纳米管上菲初始吸附量为578mg·kg-1时,解吸30d后菲累积解吸量随时间变化不明显,解吸35d后碳纳米管上菲的...     

以混合单氯酚驯化厌氧颗粒污泥降解2,4-DCP的研究

利用邻氯酚 (2-CP)和对氯酚 (4-MCP)的模拟废水驯化厌氧颗粒污泥并考察驯化的污泥对2,4-二氯酚 (2,4-DCP)的降解性.通过摇瓶试验和运行连续流反应器研究了将2种单氯酚驯化过的污泥混合后对混合单氯酚以及2,4-DCP的降解特性,并比较了驯化与未驯化的污泥降解2,4-DCP过程的差异.驯化与未驯化的污泥分别在50 h和180 h左右将2,4-DCP降解完全,表明混合单氯酚驯化的厌氧颗粒污泥降解2,4-DCP 比未驯化的厌氧颗粒污泥快.虽然2种污泥降解过程都出现了4-MCP积累现象,但驯化的污泥可以逐渐降解4-MCP,未驯化的污泥则无法降解.因此,混合单氯酚驯化的污泥可以强化邻、对位脱氯功能,并且提高污泥对2,4-DCP的降解性.连续流厌氧颗粒污泥-悬浮载体反应器的运行结果表明,接种混合单氯酚驯化的厌氧污泥能够同时降解2种单氯酚,可缩短启动时间,并提高了降解二氯酚效率.2-CP的去除率一直维持在80%左右,4-MCP随着进水浓度变化去除率在30%～80%波动.     

Particle size distribution and removal by a chemical-biological flocculation process

The particle characterization from the influent and effluent of a chemical-biological flocculation （CBF） process was studied with a laser diffraction device. Water samples from a chemically enhanced primary treatment （CEPT） process and a primary sediment tank process were also analyzed for comparison. The results showed that CBF process was not only effective for both the big size particles and small size particles removal, but also the best particle removal process in the three processes. The results also indicated that CBF process was superior to CEPT process in the heavy metals removal. The high and non-selective removal for heavy metals might be closely related to its strong ability to eliminate small particles. Samples from different locations in CBF reactors showed that small particles were easier to aggregate into big ones and those disrupted flocs could properly flocculate again along CBF reactor because of the biological flocculation.     

Community analysis of ammonia and nitrite oxidizers in start-up of aerobic granular sludge reactor

A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was setup and the aerobic granular sludge was successfully incubated by using anaerobic granular sludge as seed sludge. Nitrogen was partially removed by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) via nitrite with free ammonia (FA) of about 10 mg/L. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was used to investigate community structure of α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and Nitrospira populations during start-up. The population sizes of bacteria, AOB and Nitrospira were examined using real-time PCR method. The analysis of community structure and Shannon index showed that stable structure of AOB population was obtained at the day 35, while the communities of α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, and Nitrospira became stable after day 45. At stable stage, the average cell densities were 1.1×1012, 2.2×1010 and 1.0×1010 cells/L for bacteria, AOB and Nitrospira, respectively. The relationship between characteristics of nitrifying bacteria community and nitrogenous substrate utilization constant was discussed by calculating Pearson correlation. Certain correlation seemed to exist between population size, biodiversity, and degradation constant. And the influence of population size might be greater than that of biodiversity.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.