江阴地区主要河道浮游藻类群落特征

2010年9月和2011年1月、4月、7月共4次对江阴6条主要河道的浮游藻类群落特征开展调查分析。共发现浮游藻类7门141属种,种类丰富度和现存量夏秋季高于秋冬季。优势种属呈季节性演替,即冬季梅尼小环藻(Cyclotellameneghiniana)、颗粒直链硅藻(Aulacoseira granulata)-春季梅尼小环藻、啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)、裸藻属(Euglenaspp.)、衣藻属(Chlamydomonas spp.)、卵囊藻属(Oocystis spp.)-夏季巨颤藻(Oscillatoria princeps)、阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrixagardhii)-秋季巨颤藻、阿氏浮丝藻、梅尼小环藻。南北向河道(锡澄运河、白屈港河和张家港河)的浮游藻类季节波动性大于东西向河道(应天河、东横河和西横河)。通过指示生物法,调查河道处于α,β-中污染状态。     

Uptake and depuration of cesium in the green mussel Perna viridis

 The accumulation and depuration of Cs in the green mussels (Perna viridis) commonly found in the subtropical and tropical waters were studied under the laboratory conditions using radiotracer techniques. Following an initial rapid sorption onto the mussel's tissues, uptake of Cs exhibited linear patterns over a short exposure time (8 h) at different ambient Cs concentrations. The concentration factor was independent of ambient Cs concentration. The calculated uptake rate and initial sorption constant of Cs were directly proportional to the ambient Cs concentration. The calculated uptake rate constant from the dissolved phase in the mussels was as low as 0.026 l g⁻¹ d⁻¹. Uptake rates of Cs in the mussels were inversely related to the ambient salinity. Uptake increased about twofold when the salinity was reduced from 33 to 15 ppt. The effect of salinity on Cs uptake was primarily due to the change in ambient K⁺ concentration. The uptake rate decreased in a power function with increasing tissue dry weight of the mussels, although the initial sorption was not related to the mussel's body size. The efflux rate constant of Cs in the mussels was 0.15 to 0.18 d⁻¹, and was the highest recorded to date among different metals in marine bivalves. The efflux rate constant also decreased in a power function with increasing tissue dry weight of mussels. A simple kinetic model predicted that the bioconcentration factor of Cs in the green mussels was 145, which was higher than measurements taken in their temperate counterparts. The bioconcentration factor also decreased in a power function with increasing tissue dry weight of mussels. Received: 27 October 1999 / Accepted: 16 June 2000     

农杆菌介导的抗除草剂基因转入两系杂交稻恢复系的研究

利用农杆菌水稻高效转化系统，成功地将外源ＢＡＲ基因转入实用性两系要交稻恢复系Ｒ１８７和秀水０４，经过除草剂Ｂａｓｔａ田间涂布试验，其阳性率达到９０％以上。对转基因植株同步进行的ＰＣＲ特异扩增和总ＤＮＡ Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ检测结果也证实抗Ｂａｓｔａ的植株中含有ＢＡＲ基因。讨论了应用转ＢＡＲ基因的方法提高两系杂交水稻制种纯度的条件。图２表１参３     

基于网络大数据的公众感知城市声环境研究

尝试基于网络大数据建立区域性公众意见收集及制图方法，分析城市声环境的时空变化特征及噪声来源组成。研究表明，公众对城市声环境的反馈意见集中在城市内部的成熟地区，随着向城市外部延伸而降低，热点地区在空间分布上呈现年纪间变化的特征。定量化识别公众认为的城市3大噪声来源，包括工地施工（74.45%）、生产加工（1394%）、机器运行（3.29%）。公众对夜晚城市声环境更加敏感，感知的夜间噪声占比（85.26%）显著高于白天，在22：00公众感知噪声量快速升高并达到峰值。     

粉末状和颗粒状有机膨润土对克百威的吸附

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)制得粉末状CTMAB阳离子有机膨润土(简称CTMAB-膨润土)和CTMAB-SDBS阴阳离子有机膨润土(简称CTMAB-SDBS-膨润土),并利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)包埋固定化技术将2种粉末状有机膨润土制成颗粒状有机膨润土,研究了粉末状与颗粒状有机膨润土对水中克百威的吸附性能.结果表明:粉末状CTMAB-膨润土和CTMAB-SDBS-膨润土对克百威的吸附效果较好,最终去除率分别为90.9％和92.5％,颗粒状CTMAB-膨润土和CTMAB-SDBS-膨润土对克百威的最终去除率分别为55.5％和60.3％；有机膨润土对克百威的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程；颗粒状有机膨润土吸附克百威最多可重复利用6次.     

Decrease in catalase activity of Folsomia candida fed a Bt rice diet

Here we report the effects of three Bt-rice varieties and their non-Bt conventional isolines on biological traits including survival, reproduction, and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, in the Collembolan, Folsomia candida. The reproduction was significantly lower when fed Kemingdao and Huahui1 than those feeding on their non-GM near-isogenic varieties Xiushui and Minghui63 respectively, this can be explained by the differences of plant compositions depended on variety of rice. The catalase activity of F. candida was significantly lower when fed the Bt-rice variety Kemingdao compared to the near-isogenic non-Bt-rice variety Xiushui. This suggests that some Bt-rice varieties may impose environmental stress to collembolans. We emphasize that changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes of non-target organisms are important in understanding the ecological consequences for organisms inhabiting transgenic Bt-rice plantations.     

110kV扩大内桥接线方式二次电压切换回路探讨

针对110kV扩大内桥接线运行方式的切换导致主变压器高压侧二次电压失压的问题,通过对宁夏电网现有110kV变电站内桥接线中2号主变压器高压侧二次电压切换回路设计进行分析,提出一种2个继电器配合的改进的二次电压切换回路。应用结果表明:该改进回路能够有效防止2号主变压器高压侧二次电压失压,保障主变安全稳定运行,减少电网企业和用户的经济损失。     

基于环境风险评估技术的企业环境负债确认、预防与控制研究

随着环境问题的日趋恶化,企业面临越来越大的环境风险.由此承担巨大的环境负债责任.基于企业环境风险评价的基本原理与方法,从企业环境全过程管理角度出发,设计企业环境负债确认与评估程序,提出企业环境负债的事前预防法、全过程控制法、事后管理法相融合的预防和控制体系,从而为企业环境风险管理以及环境负债预防提供借鉴.     

pH对吉林西部湖泊底泥中不同形态氟迁移转化影响的实验研究

针对吉林西部花敖泡、道字泡、大布苏泡等湖泊水体及底泥中氟污染严重情况,利用土壤的连续分级浸提法,分别在天然状态下及不同pH下将吉林西部湖泊底泥中的氟逐级提取,依次为水溶态氟、可交换态氟、铁锰结合态氟、有机束缚态氟及残余态氟.研究吉林西部湖泊底泥中氟赋存形态及主要影响因素,并基于pH对底泥中不同形态氟分布的影响来研究底泥...     

带自调整修正因子的除尘烟气温度模糊控制器设计

针对除尘器烟气温度系统参数复杂多变、工况波动大等情况,设计了一种依据多点温度值及其变化,实时模糊推断混风阀开度的自调整修正因子模糊控制器.在宝钢股份南通分公司30 t电炉除坐系统中实际运行表明,该控制器与简单模糊控制和带固定调整因子模糊控制器相比,动态响应速度快,能有效防止高温烧袋和低温结露,并且使混风量始终调整在最佳...