巯基化合物存在下无机汞的光化学甲基化

本文研究了在巯基化合物L-半胱氨酸、硫代乙醇酸存在下醋酸水溶液中无机汞的光化学甲基化过程.结果表明巯基化合物对汞的甲基化具有明显的增强作用并在此过程中起光敏剂的作用.     

黄杆菌P3-2的分离及降解有机磷农药的某些性质

本文介绍从农药污染严重的棉田土中分离得一株降解对硫磷能力较强的黄杆菌P3-2.该菌还可降解杀螟松、甲基对硫磷和水胺硫磷等有机磷农药.其性能稳定,在4℃下保存30天降解能力变化不大,降解对硫磷的最适pH值为8.0.最适温度为45℃.金属络合剂如邻菲罗啉等对降解能力有明显的抑制作用,铜离子有显著的激活作用,低浓度的某些有机溶剂没有抑制作用.用对硫磷作唯一碳源培养的3g湿菌体经琼脂固化后,每小时降解该农药约64mg.     

UASB、SR、CASS法处理淀粉生产高浓度废水

淀粉生产显酸性 ,当SO- 23 和SO- 24的含量分别超过 2 0 0 -30 0mg/L时 ,就会对甲烷菌产生抑制作用 ,影响厌氧生物效果。本文就采用UASB、SR、CASS生物脱硫技术治理淀粉生产废水 ,提高UASB的处理能力作扼要介绍。     

Cause of PM2.5 pollution during the 2016-2017 heating season in Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang, China

To investigate the cause of fine particulate matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm, PM_2.5) pollution in the heating season in the North China Plain (specifically Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang), water-soluble ions and carbonaceous components in PM_2.5 were simultaneously measured by online instruments with 1-hr resolution, from November 15, 2016 to March 15, 2017. The results showed extreme severity of PM_2.5 pollution on a regional scale. Secondary inorganic ions (SNA, i.e., NO₃^?+SO₄²+ NH₄⁺) dominated the water-soluble ions, accounting for 30%-40% of PM_2.5, while the total carbon (TC, i.e., OC + EC) contributed to 26.5%-30.1% of PM_2.5 in the three cities. SNA were mainly responsible for the increasing PM_2.5 pollution compared with organic matter (OM). NO₃^? was the most abundant species among water-soluble ions, but SO₄^2- played a much more important role in driving the elevated PM_2.5 concentrations. The relative humidity (RH) and its precursor SO₂ were the key factors affecting the formation of sulfate. Homogeneous reactions dominated the formation of nitrate which was mainly limited by HNO₃ in ammonia-rich conditions. Secondary formation and regional transport from the heavily polluted region promoted the growth of PM_2.5 concentrations in the formation stage of PM_2.5 pollution in Beijing and Langfang. Regional transport or local emissions, along with secondary formation, made great contributions to the PM_2.5 pollution in the evolution stage of PM_2.5 pollution in Beijing and Langfang. The favourable meteorological conditions and regional transport from a relatively clean region both favored the diffusion of pollutants in all three cities.     

装配式建筑的精装修对室内环境污染的影响研究

装配式建筑精装修可能会应用甲醛、苯、氡气、氨气和TVOC等大量有害物质,从而产生空气污染、光污染、噪声污染、水污染等,严重影响室内环境,危害人体健康,虽然国家下发相关条例,效果并不显著。对装配式建筑精装修如何污染室内环境进行研究,分别分析了甲醛、苯、氡气、氨气和TVOC这些装修材料的危害能力、对室内环境的污染能力以及对人体健康的损害,通过研究发现装修材料会造成严重污染,必须要加以重视,采取一定措施治理,营造出一个舒适的生活环境。     

消防与环境保护关系探析

消防与环境保护的目的都是保护人类生命财产安全。消防安全与环境保护相互影响，火灾会污染环境，破坏生态平衡。96防事业的发展减少了火灾，减轻了火灾对环境的污染和破坏，环境保护也为火灾预防工作带来了有利条件。     

微生物促进剂在处理采油污水中的应用

微生物促进剂(VB591和BiNutrix-ww)可不断释放营养素,以保证微生物的健康生长,有助于加快微生物矿物化过程,促进有机污染物分解,达到水体净化的目的。在采集的油田废水中分别投加这两种微生物促进剂,与参照对比水样按相同条件进行了曝气处理。试验结果表明,微生物促进剂能使废水中COD和石油类的去除率大大提高,处理时间也大大缩短。     

反渗透膜制终端直饮水的健康安全性考察

通过动态试验,考察了反渗透膜制终端直饮水系统对有机物、TDS、氨氮、UV254以及硝酸盐等的去除效果;同时分析了进水UV254与CODMn的相关性。试验表明:该系统对CODMn、TDS与硝酸盐氮的平均去除率分别为60%、95%和86%,出水的氨氮浓度基本为0;该系统对UV254的平均去除率为90%,可保证饮水水质安全;同时试验表明进水UV254与CODMn之间有一定的相关性。     

“十一五”期间淮河淮南段水质变化趋势分析及防治对策

选取淮河淮南段的水质为分析对象,以氨氮作为指标参数,运用秩相关系数法,对其水质在“十一五”期间的变化趋势进行定量分析,并据此提出改善水环境质量的主要对策。     

Flow characteristic and wastewater treatment performance of a pilot-scale airlift oxidation ditch

A pilot-scale airlift oxidation ditch using bubble diffuser and baffle as aerator was operated in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to investigate its flow characteristic and wastewater treatment performance. Compared with the conventional oxidation ditch process, effective depth and oxygen utilization efficiency of this new process was improved by underwater aeration. Furthermore, it had a reversed velocity distribution, which decreased from the bottom to the top on vertical section. Velocity measurement showed that a velocity over 0.2 m/s at the bottom was sufficient to prevent sludge settlement during long term operation. Application of these concepts would save land area and energy consumption by about 25%–50% and 55%, respectively. In this new system, organic biodegradation and nitrification could be well achieved. Denitrification could occur steadily in the straight part by adjusting the airflow rate. An average TN removal rate of 63% was achieved with dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations between 0.6 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L. The main pollutants in the effluent could meet the strictest discharge standard (COD<50 mg/L, NH₄ ⁺−N < 5 mg/L, and TN < 15 mg/L) in China now.