长江三角洲顶部冰后期地层的沉积特征

钻探证实,镇江市谏壁镇长江北岸高桥镇北部埋藏硬粘土层,之上为冰后期松散沉积物.沉积物主要为粉砂、粘土质粉砂、砂泥互层,中部局部夹含细砾中细砂,顶部见淤泥质粘土;夹数十层植物炭屑层;以水平纹理为主,局部见小型交错层理、波状层理.表明冰后期以来该地处于水动力较弱的河湖环境,为多期湖沼相沉积夹汊道河流相沉积,局部有海相沉积物加入.根据碳化植物碎屑14C年龄,推测冰后期底界年龄约13 000 aBP,海侵到达该地的时间约为9 000 aBP,海侵最高位时间约为6 500 aBP.冰后期平均沉积速率约为4.9 m/ka,湖沼相3.4～6 m/ka,河流相10～15 m/ka.对全新统的底界年龄和海相层的埋藏深度进行了讨论.     

石化企业现场用火作业的火险隐患及防范措施

分别从可燃气（液）体排放、设备、化验分析、电气设施、消防器材等方面对用火作业过程中的火险隐患进行了分析,提出了用火作业过程中预防火灾发生的具体措施。     

Removal of Methyl Violet from aqueous solutions using poly （acrylic acid.co-acrylamide）/attapulgite composite

The adsorption of Methyl Violet (MV) cationic dye from aqueous solution was carried out by using crosslinked poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/attapulgite (Poly(AA-co-AM)/ATP) composite as adsorbent. The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the composite such as pH, concentration of the dye, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and surfactant were systematically investigated. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 1194 mg/g at 30°C. The thermodynamic parameters including G0, △H0 and △S 0 for the adsorption processes of MV on the composite were also calculated, and the negative △H0 and △G0 confirmed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the desorption studies revealed that the regeneration of the composite adsorbent can be easily achieved.     

炼油厂废渣碱水去除石油类和硫化物的试验研究

通过试验研究,在停留时间为8h左右,生物曝气滤池（BAF）工艺对碱水二级处理效率高,碱水经过处理后,石油类的平均去除率达到89％,硫化物的平均去除率达到99％。研究结果表明,BAF是一种高效的处理方法,适合炼油厂碱水的净化治理。     

战略环境影响评价中公众参与方法研究与案例分析

公众参与有效性是衡量战略环境影响评价质量的一个重要指标,它对于提高环境管理水平具有重要的意义。本文在对比项目环境影响评价的基础上,系统阐述了战略环境影响评价公众参与的内容、对象、方式、时机、实施主体、数据处理及信息反馈,初步建立了战略环境影响评价公众参与的方法与体系,并结合典型案例进行了战略环境影响评价公众参与的过程分析。     

Endosulfan in the Chinese environment: monitoring and modeling

This paper reviews the usage and emissions of endosulfan, the newest member of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in China, and its fate and behavior in Chinese environment. Endosulfan usage in China has been estimated to be approximately 25700 t between 1994 and 2004. Concentrations of endosulfan in different environmental compartments in China, such as air, soil, water, and biota, but focusing at air and surface soil, have been summarized. Concentrations of total endosulfan in surface soil across China were ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 19000 pg·g⁻¹ dry weight (dw), with geometric mean of 120 pg·g⁻¹dw. The results indicated that endosulfan sulfate had highest concentration in Chinese soil, followed by β- and α-endosulfan. Air concentrations of endosulfan in China were ranged 0–340 pg·m⁻³ for α-endosulfan and 0–121 pg·m⁻³ for β-endosulfan, with high concentrations occurred in the cotton production areas. Gridded usage inventories of endosulfan on a fine gridded system with a 1/4° longitude by 1/6° latitude resolution were compiled, from which, emission to air and residues in soil of endosulfan were calculated in each grid by using a modified simplified gridded pesticide emission and residue model (SGPERM), an integrated modeling system combining mathematical model, database management system, and geographic information system. Total emissions were around 10800 t from 1994 to 2004. Based on the emission and residue inventories, concentrations of α- and β-endosulfan in Chinese air and agricultural surface soil were also calculated for each grid cell, which are in general consistent with the published monitoring data.     

基层站信息化能力提升制约因素分析与应对策略

环境监测信息化是环境管理现代化、科学化的重要手段之一,因此信息化能力建设是基层环境监测站的一项重要能力建设,提升基层站的信息化应用能力具有十分重要的现实意义和紧迫性。基于当前基层环境监测站信息化能力状况,分析了当前制约基层站信息化能力提升的相关因素,提出了破解这些制约因素的应对策略。如果解决好这些问题,基层环境监测站就可以不断提升信息化能力,拓展新的信息化应用领域,使信息化能更好的服务于基层环境监测工作。     

溶解氧对亚硝酸型硝化反硝化的影响研究

在序批式生物膜反应器内接种以氨氧化细菌和反硝化细菌为主的活性污泥,期望实现亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮,处理城市污水。在进水TN为30～40 mg/l、氨氮为30～35 mg/l、COD为250 mg/l左右、pH值为7.50～7.80、温度为25±1℃等条件下,研究不同溶解氧对总氮去除率和亚硝酸盐氮积累率的影响,结果表明,在溶解氧浓度为1.5～2.5 mg/l时,可以实现稳定的亚硝酸型硝化反硝化,总氮去除率为75%左右,亚硝酸盐氮积累率为65%～82%。     

浊度去除率在城市污水处理工程调试中的应用实践

某城镇污水处理厂采用水解酸化+BAF为主要工艺处理污水,处理量0.5万m3/d,进水水质COD≤500 mg/l、BOD5≤220mg/l、SS≤350 mg/l、NH3-N≤15 mg/l、总氮≤35 mg/l、总磷≤4.0 mg/l。出水标准(GB18918—2002)一级A标准,即COD≤50 mg/l、BOD≤10mg/l、SS≤10 mg/l、动植物≤1 mg/l、石油类≤1 mg/l、NH3-N≤5 mg/l、总氮≤15 mg/l。调试过程中采用控水周期法,同时应用浊度快速核算COD值,指导调试运行,根据水质的浊度与COD之间的关系,确定以浊度去除率作为主要工艺控制参数,具有操作方便、直观、及时变换工艺条件,保证调试的效果,及时发现异常,快速处理,具有良好的使用前景。     

Advances in the study of directed evolution for cellulases

If cellulose can be effectively hydrolyzed into glucose by cellulase, the production costs of hydrogen, ethanol or other chemicals from cellulosic materials will be greatly decreased, and economically viable production of biohydrogen and bioethanol will become feasible. Cellulose is degraded into glucoses by multi-component enzyme systems. Nowadays cellulases are widely used in brewing, food, bioenergy, fodder, textiles, paper, pharmaceuticals, environmental protection and other industries. However, existing cellulases have several problems that limit their wider applications, including the low turnover number for solid cellulosic materials, and low stability in adapting to various application conditions. For example, high temperature, low pH, and so on. Application of directed evolution technology may be one of the most effective ways for improving the characteristics of cellulases. This paper presents a brief review of the cellulases hydrolysis mechanism by cellulase, advances in cellulases (endoglucanase and β-glucosidase) improvement by directed evolution for several characteristics (for instance, thermal stability, pH adaptability and enzyme activity), limitations of directed evolution for cellulases, and the outlook for directed evolution for cellulase.