Economic Valuation of Health Impact of PM10 Pollution in Beijing from 2001 to 2006

In light of the practical need for research to inform policy in Beijing,this study evaluates the economic cost of the impact of PM10 pollution in Beijing from 2001 to 2006,taking health as the main impact,and mortality as the main outcome.Based on the literature review,this study adopts relatively conservative parameters as the basis for calculating the health impacts.It concludes that nearly 30% of mortality among registered residents above age 30 in Beijing can be attributed to PM10 pollution,and that the economic cost equals 0.8%-1.2% of the city's GDP over the same period.This is lower than the results of previous studies,but still high enough to warrant a commitment to solve the city's air pollution problem.     

沸腾炉大气污染物的生成与排放特征分析

以20台沸腾炉(功率小于等于60 MW)的燃料特性分析数据和大气污染物的排放实测数据为基础,利用统计分析方法,研究了燃烧过程中排放的颗粒物(PM)、SO_2和NO_x初始排放浓度的影响因素,分析了沸腾炉PM、SO_2和NO_x排放现状,探讨了我国中小型沸腾炉PM、SO_2和NO_x排放管理控制的潜力和可行性.实验结果表明:在锅炉运行负荷大于等于80%的条件下,中小型沸腾炉PM的初始排放浓度基本上不受锅炉出力、过量空气系数和燃煤灰分含量的影响;燃煤的硫含量越高,SO_2初始排放浓度越高;过量空气系数越大,燃煤挥发分越低,NO_x初始排放浓度越高.     

A GIS tool to estimate West Nile virus risk based on a degree-day model

West Nile virus (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) is a serious infectious disease that recently spread across the North America continent. A spatial analysis tool was developed on the ArcMap 9.x platform to estimate potential West Nile virus activity using a spatially explicit degree-day model. The model identifies when the virus Extrinsic Incubation Period (EIP) is completed within the vector longevity during mid-summer months. The EIP is treated as a threshold indicator of the potential for virus emergence and activity. Comparing the number of West Nile virus cases in Wyoming reported from 2003 to 2005 with model results, actual cases and predicted events of West Nile virus activity match relatively well. The model represents a useful method for estimating potential West Nile virus activity in a large spatial scale.     

Development and Application of Urban High Temporal-Spatial Resolution Vehicle Emission Inventory Model and Decision Support System

This paper reports on the development and application of an urban high temporal-spatial resolution vehicle emission inventory model and decision support system based on the current situation in China and actual vehicle emission control requirements. The system incorporates a user-friendly modular architecture that integrates a vehicle emission model and a decision support platform and includes scenario analysis and visualisation capabilities. A bottom-up approach based on localised emission factors and actual on-road driving condition has been adopted to develop the system. As a case study of application and evaluation, an emission reduction effect analysis of the supposed low-emission zone (LEZ) policy in Beijing (2012) was conducted. According to the simulated results in the forms of tables, histograms and grid maps, the establishment of this LEZ had a definite effect on the emission reduction of various types of air pollutants, especially carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon. In the system, the simulation methodology for identifying environmental benefits brought by the LEZ policy could be used to assess other similar environmental policies. Through flexible modification of configuration values or input data variables, the efficacy of separate or joint policies could be quantifiably evaluated and graphically displayed.     

高职食品工艺学实验室建设和教学方法的探讨

实验教学是高职教育中不可缺少的环节,多媒体课件的制作与演示性实验教学作为重要的教学方法可以应用于高职食品工艺学的辅助教学.本文介绍了食品工艺实验室设计及教学方法的要求和特点,为使食品工艺实验室实现可持续发展,该实验教学必须与其他学科结合,实验项目必须反映加工新技术,培养学生自发动手动脑能力.     

低温等离子体治理恶臭气体研究进展

介绍了恶臭气体的分类和来源、传统的除臭方法以及这些方法的缺点;简述了低温等离子体产生的方法及其治理恶臭气体的机理;论述了介质阻挡放电、脉冲电晕放电、滑动弧光放电和其他方法在除臭方面的国内外研究进展;指出了利用等离子体治理恶臭气体存在的主要问题及其今后的研究方向。     

国外应急管理体系的发展现状及经验启示

叙述了应急管理的基本概念,分析了国外应急管理体系的发展现状。从19个方面完整描述了值得我国借鉴的国外应急管理体系建设经验及启示。最后得出,应从长计议,奋力开拓,全面开创我国政府应急管理体系的新局面,加快我国应急管理体系的建设。     

生物法生成单质硫过程中氧化还原电位的研究

采用升流式好氧反应器,接种实验室自行培养的排硫硫杆菌,进水硫化物质量浓度为343～356 mg/L,在不同容积负荷下,研究不同氧化还原电位(ORP)对硫化物生物转化的影响.结果表明,ORP为(-260±10)mV时,硫化物去除率均达95%以上;随着ORP的降低,硫化物去除率和硫酸根生成率均呈下降趋势;不同容积负荷下,控制合适的ORP均可得到单质硫的最大生成率.