李氏禾人工湿地净化Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体的性能研究

利用湿生铬超富集植物李氏禾构建的三段式波形潜流式人工湿地，研究了湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体的净化效果。结果显示，李氏禾湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体的净化效果明显好于无植物的对照。当进水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为2．50mg／L时，李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度显著低于对照，说明李氏禾在湿地系统净化Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体中发挥了重要的作用。当进水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度超标150倍（7．50mg／L）时，李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度仍可达到国家地表水环境质量标准（0．05mg／L），表明李氏禾湿地系统具有很强的Cr（Ⅵ）污染净化能力。沿程Cr（Ⅵ）浓度的变化显示，湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效率随水流方向逐渐降低，Cr（Ⅵ）主要在湿地系统的前两个阶段被去除。     

Application of interval 2-tuple linguistic MULTIMOORA method for health-care waste treatment technology evaluation and selection

The management of health-care waste (HCW) is a major challenge for municipalities, particularly in the cities of developing countries. Selection of the best treatment technology for HCW can be viewed as a complicated multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem which requires consideration of a number of alternatives and conflicting evaluation criteria. Additionally, decision makers often use different linguistic term sets to express their assessments because of their different backgrounds and preferences, some of which may be imprecise, uncertain and incomplete. In response, this paper proposes a modified MULTIMOORA method based on interval 2-tuple linguistic variables (named ITL-MULTIMOORA) for evaluating and selecting HCW treatment technologies. In particular, both subjective and objective importance coefficients of criteria are taken into consideration in the developed approach in order to conduct a more effective analysis. Finally, an empirical case study in Shanghai, the most crowded metropolis of China, is presented to demonstrate the proposed method, and results show that the proposed ITL-MULTIMOORA can solve the HCW treatment technology selection problem effectively under uncertain and incomplete information environment.     

平原河网区河流连通性评价研究

河流连通性对流域水文过程特征、水环境条件以及河湖蓄泄能力等有较大影响。平原河网地区是河流高度发育并受到城市化等人类活动深刻影响的区域，并且区域内水系结构破坏、河流连通受阻已成为洪涝灾害频发的重要原因之一。为此通过对现有的河流连通评价方法的分析，尝试建立基于水流阻力与水文过程的平原河网河流连通性评价方法，并以鄞东南平原河网为例开展了应用分析，结果表明2010年的河流连通性比1990年的明显减小。同时，通过对比分析几种河流连通性评价方法可以看出，基于水流阻力与水文过程的河流连通性评价方法能较好的评价平原河网区河流连通性，评价结果优于其他方法计算结果，更符合实际情况，可为平原河网区河流连通性定量评价提供参考     

基于二元水循环理论的水资源承载力质量能综合评价

水资源承载力是影响社会经济可持续发展的一个重要因素，水资源承载力的合理评定对于水资源的可持续利用及社会经济的发展规划具有重要指导意义。在“二元水循环”理论的基础上，提出了承载单元的概念，认为水资源是通过承载单元来实现对社会经济和自然环境的承载能力的。承载单元具有系统响应的特点，水资源在承载单元内将经过社会的外体循环及自然的内体循环，之后其水质、水量、水能3个方面的状态都会发生改变，其承载能力也会相应地发生改变。因此，以承载单元为研究对象，建立了质量能构架下水资源承载力的评价指标体系，并对水资源承载力进行了综合评价。最后以昆明市水资源承载力的分析评价为例，说明了该方法的实际应用     

Comprehensive source identification and apportionment analysis of five heavy metals in soils in Wenzhou City,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The source identification and apportionment of heavy metals (HMs) is a vital issue for restoring contaminated soil. In this study, qualitative approaches [a...     

极性有机物整合采样技术在监测水环境中农药的应用

明确水环境中农残的污染状况对研究其环境行为和生态风险至关重要。传统主动采样法耗能、耗力且单次采样仅获得瞬时浓度值。被动采样节能、方便且为时间加权平均浓度,利于大规模采样。极性有机物整合采样技术(polar organic chemical integrative sampler,POCIS)是针对极性有机物的被动采样技术,近年来在水环境中农药监测的运用越来越广泛。本文概述了POCIS结构、原理和校正方法,探讨了环境因素(如水流速率、温度、p H、溶解性有机质、盐度和膜污染)、化合物性质及POCIS结构对农药采样速率(Rs)的影响。此外,综述了POCIS在监测水环境中农药的应用,展望了POCIS在该领域中的问题、解决方式及前景。     

质谱直接测量法解析盐城市大气细颗粒物来源

为全面了解盐城市大气颗粒物的组成,摸清以PM2.5为首要污染物的来源,说清其化学组分和源贡献率,于2014年12月16日00:00—2014年12月21日09:00,利用在线单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪,对盐城市细颗粒物进行实时在线源解析。结果表明,盐城首要污染物为燃煤,占比为23.7%,其次是机动车尾气,占比为18.3%,第三位是扬尘,占总颗粒数的15.7%,生物质燃烧占比为14.8%位列第四,工业工艺源、二次无机源和其他源贡献率相对较小。     

The effect of dichlorvos on control of <Emphasis Type="Italic">drosophila</Emphasis> and its safety evaluation under different application methods

Drosophila is a common strawberry pest. In this work, toxicities of the 77.5% EC dichlorvos to 3rd instar larvae and adults of drosophila were evaluated through indoor bioassays and field bioassays, respectively. To insure the safety, dichlorvos dissipation and terminal residue in strawberry by different application methods under field conditions were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The decline curves of dichlorvos residues in strawberry corresponded with first-order kinetics, and dichlorvos dissipated rapidly in strawberry with half-life (t_1/2) of 7.58–13.17 h. Terminal residues below the maximum residue limit of strawberry and soil in different distance were achieved after 24 h under different application methods. This article provides guidance to the proper and safe use of dichlorvos in agriculture; it is more reasonable that dichlorvos is applied by embedding on the ground near the strawberry plants covered plastic film with holes.