A large-scale outdoor atmospheric simulation smog chamber for studying atmospheric photochemical processes: Characterization and preliminary application

Understanding the formation mechanisms of secondary air pollution is very important for the formulation of air pollution control countermeasures in China. Thus, a large-scale outdoor atmospheric simulation smog chamber was constructed at Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (the CRAES Chamber), which was designed for simulating the atmospheric photochemical processes under the conditions close to the real atmospheric environment. The chamber consisted of a 56-m³ fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film reactor, an electrically-driven stainless steel alloy shield, an auxiliary system, and multiple detection instrumentations. By performing a series of characterization experiments, we obtained basic parameters of the CRAES chamber, such as the mixing ability, the background reactivity, and the wall loss rates of gaseous compounds (propene, NO, NO₂, ozone) and aerosols (ammonium sulfate). Oxidation experiments were also performed to study the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), including α-pinene ozonolysis, propene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation. Temperature and seed effects on the vapor wall loss and SOA yields were obtained in this work: higher temperature and the presence of seed could reduce the vapor wall loss; SOA yield was found to depend inversely on temperature, and the presence of seed could increase SOA yield. The seed was suggested to be used in the chamber to reduce the interaction between the gas phase and chamber walls. The results above showed that the CRAES chamber was reliable and could meet the demands for investigating tropospheric chemistry.     

A Highly Efficient Adsorbent Based on Starch-Graphene Oxide Architecture for Scavenging Aqueous Pb(II): Isotherms,Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Interaction Mechanism

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Heavy metal pollution stems from the modern industry is a severe environmental problem. In this work, a highly efficient adsorbent based on starch-graphene...     

CdS and Ag synergistically improved the performance of g-C3N4 on visible-light photocatalytic degradation of pollution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - CdS-AgO@g-C3N4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized and characterized by XRD, N2 physical adsorption, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, and UV–Vis DRS...     

Towards economic value-added growth without carbon emission embodied growth in North–North trade—An empirical analysis of US-German trade

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nationally determined contributions were at the core of the Paris Agreement for the global response to climate change. However, with the geographical...     

Acute lead acetate induces neurotoxicity through decreased synaptic plasticity-related protein expression and disordered dendritic formation in nerve cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Lead (Pb) is a widespread environmental heavy metal that can damage the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and reduce the learning and memory ability in...     

Occurrence and dietary exposure risks of phthalate esters in food in the typical valley city Xi’an,Northwest China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Diet is an important exposure pathway of phthalate esters (PAEs) for humans. A total of 174 food samples covering 11 food groups were collected from...     

The role of N6-methyladenosine methylation in environmental exposure-induced health damage

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The health risks caused by environmental pollution have long been of substantial concern. With the development of epigenetics, a large number of...     

三峡库区太阳能资源基本特征及其演变

利用1961-2007年的日照时数建模计算了三峡库区的太阳辐射,在此基础上对库区的太阳能资源作了全面分析和评价。结果表明：库区年总辐射量介于3200～4400MJ/m²,与德国等太阳能利用大国相当;“下游多,上游少”是资源空间分布的基本特征,且在秋、冬季差异更为明显;资源的年变化具有“夏大冬小”的特点,同时呈典型“双峰结构”,最大和次大峰值分别出现在8月和5月;库区上游太阳能季节差异大,而中、下游四季差异相对较小;库区太阳辐射以散射辐射为主（平均为64%）,上游尤其明显;1961-2007年,资源量与直射比均呈明显下降趋势,且在夏、冬季下降尤为显著,分析表明这与轻雾日数和霾日数的增加有关;自20世纪90年代初起,资源量开始回升,有利于库区太阳能的开发利用。     

Risk to humans of consuming metals in anchovy (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coilia</Emphasis> sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta

Concentrations of metals were determined in four species of anchovy (Coilia sp.) from the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province, China. Concentrations of Cr in anchovy fish muscle ranged from 2.6 × 10⁻² to 5.0 mg/kg ww, and Coilia nasus taihuensis in Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake contained the highest concentrations of Cr, which was almost 111-fold higher than the mean value at other locations. Concentrations of Pb ranged from 1.5 × 10⁻² to 1.3 × 10⁻¹ mg/kg ww. Comparisons of concentrations of lead (Pb) among the four species indicated that anadromous species contained higher concentrations of Pb than did freshwater species. However, concentrations of Pb in C. nasus from the Nanjing and Haimen locations in the Yangtze River were not significant higher than those of two freshwater species: C. nasus taihuensis from Taihu Lake and C. brachygnathus from Hongze Lake (Duncan’s test, α = 0.05). While concentrations of Cd and Zn ranged from 7.0 × 10⁻⁴ to 3.6 × 10⁻³ mg/kg ww and 3.4 to 4.8 mg/kg ww, respectively, there were no significant differences in concentrations among the eight locations. The only concentration of the metals studied that exceeded the Chinese National Standard was Cr in Coilia from Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake, which was 2.5-fold higher than the standard. These results indicate that people who consume the genus Coilia are not at risk due to concentrations of metals, except Cr in C. nasus taihuensis from Jiaoshan in Taihu Lake. Concentrations of all of the metals studied except for Cr were similar to or less than those of metals in most other areas in the world.     

城市扩展与热岛空间分布变化关系研究——以上海为例

随着城市建设区域和格局的迅速改变,城市热岛分布也发生了巨大变化.为了了解城市热岛分布与城市建设的关系,为城市建设同时缓解改善热岛效应奠定基础,文章采用遥感动态监测和GIS多要素空间分析技术,对上海城市90年代以来的城市扩展以及热岛分布变化状况和演变规律进行监测分析,得出城市建设区域的扩大将会导致城市热岛范围和面积的增大,城市扩展与热岛扩展趋势具有空间一致性.同时,通过对上海城市不同温度情况下地面不同介质的比例、面积进行因子权重分析,得出温度越高,其建筑、交通、工业区的比例越大;反之温度越低,农田、耕地等介质的比例越高;表明不同地物对温度分布、强度的影响明显.研究还表明:城市扩展虽会导致热岛范围加大,但如注重环境和绿化建设,则在一定程度上可缓解热岛效应和缩小热岛范围.