Interface-mediated synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles with sulfate-reducing bacterium culture

We have created a new method of ZnS nanospheres synthesis. By interface-mediated precipitation method (IMPM), monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was synthesized on the particle surface of sulfate-reducing bacterium nutritious agar culture. Sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) was used as a sulfide producer because of its dissimilatory sulfate reduction capability, meanwhile produced a variety of amino acids acting as templates for nanomaterials synthesis. Then zinc acetate was dispersed into nutritious agar plate. Subsequently agar plate was broken into particles bearing much external surface, which successfully mediated the synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles. The morphology of monodisperse ZnS nanospheres and SRB were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermostability of ZnS nanoparticles was determined by thermo gravimetric-differential thermo gravimetric (TG-DTG). The maximum absorption wavelengh was analysed with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer within a range of 199–700 nm. As a result, monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, with an average diameter of 80 nm. Maximum absorption wavelengh was 228 nm, and heat decomposed temperature of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was 596°C.     

Interface-mediated synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles with sulfate-reducing bacterium culture

We have created a new method of ZnS nanospheres synthesis. By interface-mediated precipitation method (IMPM), monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was synthesized on the particle surface of sulfate-reducing bacterium nutritious agar culture. Sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) was used as a sulfide producer because of its dissimilatory sulfate reduction capability, meanwhile produced a variety of amino acids acting as templates for nanomaterials synthesis. Then zinc acetate was dispersed into nutritious agar plate. Subsequently agar plate was broken into particles bearing much external surface, which successfully mediated the synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles. The morphology of monodisperse ZnS nanospheres and SRB were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermostability of ZnS nanoparticles was determined by thermo gravimetric-differential thermo gravimetric (TG-DTG). The maximum absorption wavelengh was analysed with an ultravioletvisible spectrophotometer within a range of 199-700 nm. As a result, monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, with an average diameter of 80 nm. Maximum absorption wavelengh was 228 nm, and heat decomposed temperature of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was 596℃.     

An online monitoring system for atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) based on stripping coil and ion chromatography

A new instrument for measuring atmospheric nitrous acid(HONO) was developed,consisting of a double-wall glass stripping coil sampler coupled with ion chromatography(SC-IC).SC-IC is featured by small size(50 × 35 × 25 cm) and modular construction,including three independent parts:the sampling unit,the transfer and supporting unit,and the detection unit.High collection efficiency(> 99%) was achieved with 25 μmol/L Na2CO3 as absorption solution even in the presence of highly acidic compounds.This instrument has a detection limit of 8 pptv at 15 min time resolution,with a measurement uncertainty of 7%.Potential interferences from NOx,NO2+SO2,NO2+VOCs,HONO+O3,HNO3,peroxyacetyl nitrite(PAN) and particle nitrite were quantified in laboratory studies and were found to be insignificant under typical atmospheric conditions.Within the framework of the 3C-STAR project,inter-comparison between the SC-IC and LOPAP(long path liquid absorption photometer) was conducted at a rural site in the Pearl River Delta.Good agreement was achieved between the two instruments over three weeks.Both instruments determined a clear diurnal profile of ambient HONO concentrations from 0.1 to 2.5 ppbv.However,deviations were found for low ambient HONO concentrations(i.e.< 0.3 ppbv),which cannot be explained by previous investigated interference species.To accurately determine the HONO budget under illuminated conditions,more intercomparison of HONO measurement techniques is still needed in future studies,especially at low HONO concentrations.     

燃气轮机驱动离心式天然气压缩机声学监测方案设计

以某压气站的燃气轮机驱动离心式天然气压缩机声学检测为例,设计燃气轮机驱动离心式天然气压缩机声学现场监测方案。根据天然气压缩机的基本工艺特征和运行现状,对各个参数监测点位置进行整体、合理的布置。选择科学有效的监测方法对天然气压缩机进行声压级、声功率级及振动现场监测。以声压级、声功率级及振动监测统计数据为依据,讨论分析天然气压缩机基本运行状况下,各个监测参数对机械设备本身性能,环境及人身健康的影响。     

论排污权交易与清洁生产的关系

为解决在排污权交易的前提下,企业如何积极主动地实施清洁生产,处理好排污权交易与清洁生产的关系。在排污权交易对清洁生产激励效果分析的基础上,运用数据对比和类比的方法,论证出排污权交易对清洁生产实施提供了经济支持,清洁生产对排污权交易的实施提供了技术上的保证。这种互为动力、支撑的关系,构成一种良性循环模式,为企业正确处理经济发展和环境保护之间的关系,达到经济效益和环境效益的双赢提供了依据。     

秸秆与生物炭还田对土壤团聚体及固碳特征的影响

揭示秸秆与生物炭还田对团聚体有机碳含量、分布、稳定性以及相对贡献率的影响,有利于明确秸秆与生物炭还田下土壤碳库的稳定性及其保护机制.采用田间试验方法研究了油菜/玉米轮作模式下,秸秆与生物炭还田对土壤团聚体及固碳特征的影响.结果表明:(1)秸秆与生物炭还田各处理均能提高土壤有机碳含量,其中生物炭还田(BC、16.88 g·kg~(-1))、秸秆+生物炭还田(CSBC、17.37 g·kg~(-1))效果优于秸秆还田(CS、13.76 g·kg~(-1))和秸秆+速腐剂还田(CSD、14.68 g·kg~(-1)).(2)与对照(CK)处理相比,CS、CSD处理能显著地提高大团聚体(2 mm)含量,增加率为94.00%~117.78%,同时显著提高了水稳性团聚体的平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、R0.25,降低了分形维数(D),提高了团聚体稳定性(P0.05).(3)随着团聚体粒径的增大,团聚体有机碳含量呈现先降低再增高然后再降低,且粉黏粒(0.053 mm)对土壤有机碳贡献率最高(29.61%~42.18%),大团聚体有机碳贡献率最低(9.19%~17.81%).除CSD处理外,CS、BC、CSBC处理降低了较大团聚体(2~0.25 mm)和微团聚体(0.25~0.053 mm)有机碳贡献率.秸秆还田促进土壤团聚作用效果优于生物炭还田,而生物炭还田提高团聚体有机碳含量效果优于秸秆还田,秸秆新碳主要向大团聚体内分配,秸秆+速腐剂还田还能促进较大团聚体内不同组分结合新碳,生物炭、秸秆+生物炭还田主要向微团聚体中富集.     

石化管道储运员工心理评估结果分析

目的:了解石油管道储运员工的心理健康现状,建立管道储运员工症状自评量表(SCL-90)的群体常模。方法:运用整群抽样方法和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对5544名中国石化管道储运公司员工进行心理健康状况调查,将SCL-90结果与中国常模比较。结果:本次调查心理健康状况好3947人,占71.2%;心理健康状况良好1299人,占23.4%;心理健康状况一般238人,占4.3%;心理健康状况异常60人,占1.1%;石化管道储运员工在躯体化、焦虑、精神病性、阳性项目数均分显著高于全国常模;人际关系、敌对、偏执和精神病性因子均分男性显著高于女性,恐怖因子均分女性显著高于男性;35岁及以上组的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性以及阳性项目数的因子均分均高于35岁以下组;大专组和高中及以下组各项因子均分均显著高于本科及以上组。结论:管道储运员工心理健康状况低于一般人群。年龄相对较大以及学历相对较低员工的心理健康状况是企业关注的重点。     

放射性废物桶内干燥整备研究进展

桶内干燥具有很高的减容比,已经逐渐被国外核电站用来处理放射性废液,为我国核电废物贮存和处理提供了一条新的途径。详细介绍了电加热、热风加热和微波加热3种桶内干燥装置的研究应用实例,主要内容包括干燥装置的过程控制、干燥产量(蒸发速率和进料速率)、干燥产物的含水率和减容比。通过分析对比得出,电加热和热空气加热型装置投入产出高,但仅适合流动和传热好的废物整备;微波加热型装置前期投入大,适用却更广,尤其适合底泥等一类含有有机物质的废物。     

入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花综合管理技术的研究进展

加拿大一枝黄花的入侵已经成为不容忽视的问题,产生了无法估量的经济、社会、生态损失。由于加拿大一枝黄花繁殖能力强、传播迅速、生境多样,因此该种的控制难度也大。文章综述了有关加拿大一枝黄花物理防治、化除、生物防治、植物替代等方法及其应用效果,以期为更有效地实施拿大一枝黄花的综合管理提供理论基础和实践依据。     

日本9.0级特大地震应急救援与灾后重建对我国的启示

本文简要阐述了日本9.0级特大地震的应急救援和灾后重建情况,总结其成功经验与失败教训。并详细分析了日本防灾救灾法律体系、防灾救灾组织管理系统和保险制度等。旨在广泛吸纳日本社会在防震减灾方面的成功模式和经验,形成具有中国特色的现代化防震减灾机制,从而进一步加快我国的防震减灾体系的建设。