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991.
992.
Armando A. Rodriguez Oguzhan Cifdaloz John Martin Anderies Marco A. Janssen Jeffrey Dickeson 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(1):15-36
This paper presents a framework for the study of policy implementation in highly uncertain natural resource systems in which
uncertainty cannot be characterized by probability distributions. We apply the framework to parametric uncertainty in the
traditional Gordon–Schaefer model of a fishery to illustrate how performance can be sacrificed (traded-off) for reduced sensitivity
and hence increased robustness, with respect to model parameter uncertainty. With sufficient data, our robustness–vulnerability
analysis provides tools to discuss policy options. When less data are available, it can be used to inform the early stages
of a learning process. Several key insights emerge from this analysis: (1) the classic optimal control policy can be very
sensitive to parametric uncertainty, (2) even mild robustness properties are difficult to achieve for the simple Gordon–Schaefer
model, and (3) achieving increased robustness with respect to some parameters (e.g., biological parameters) necessarily results
in increased sensitivity (decreased robustness) with respect to other parameters (e.g., economic parameters). We thus illustrate
fundamental robustness–vulnerability trade-offs and the limits to robust natural resource management. Finally, we use the
framework to explore the effects of infrequent sampling and delays on policy performance. 相似文献
993.
A Method for Ensemble Wildland Fire Simulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mark A. Finney Isaac C. Grenfell Charles W. McHugh Robert C. Seli Diane Trethewey Richard D. Stratton Stuart Brittain 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(2):153-167
An ensemble simulation system that accounts for uncertainty in long-range weather conditions and two-dimensional wildland
fire spread is described. Fuel moisture is expressed based on the energy release component, a US fire danger rating index,
and its variation throughout the fire season is modeled using time series analysis of historical weather data. This analysis
is used to characterize the seasonal trend in ERC, autocorrelation of residuals, and daily standard deviation and stochastically
generate artificial time series of afternoon fuel moisture. Daily wind speed and direction are sampled stochastically from
joint probabilities of historical wind speed and direction for the date range of the fire simulation period. Hundreds or thousands
of fire growth simulations are then performed using the synthetic fire weather sequences. The performance of these methods
is evaluated in terms of the number of ensemble member simulations, one- versus two-dimensional fire spread simulations, and
comparison with results from 91 fires occurring from 2007 to 2009. Simulations were found to be in consistent agreement with
observations, but trends indicate that the ensemble average of simulated fire sizes were consistently larger than actual fires
whereas the farthest extent burned by fires was underestimated. 相似文献
994.
Matjaž Hriberšek Niko Samec Jure Ravnik Matej Zadravec 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(5):479-489
The contribution presents numerical simulation of gypsum particles, lifting from a gypsum landfill. First, particle characteristics
are presented, resulting from different technologies of gypsum depositing. Next, a laboratory experiment parameter validation
tests are described, which served as a means of determination of mass flow of particles from the landfill. The background
of the numerical simulations, used in the assessment of landfill impact on the environment, is also described. Simulations
consist of two parts: simulation of a long term impact of the particles on the surrounding area, performed by implementation
of the Gaussian dispersion model based computer code ISC3, and second, a CFD based simulation for assessing the flow and mass
concentration fields in the vicinity of the landfill for several pre-selected flow cases. The results of both computational
approaches are presented and compared. In the conclusions, a relation of the simulation results with existing environmental
pollution levels is made, and recommendations for landfill management are drawn. 相似文献
995.
Groundwater flow modelling is an important tool in simulating and predicting hydraulic behaviour of groundwater transporting
in the domain consisted of groundwater flow zone (aquifer) and permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). The aquifer regime is modelled
using the Darcy equation, whereas PRBs are simulated by the Brinkman equation. By combining the above equations, the present
paper is devoted to analyse the effect of permeability of aquifer (K
aq
) and reactive media (K
p
), groundwater flow velocity, and barrier size as well as assembled style of barriers on key barrier design parameter, such
as the hydraulic capture zone width. The simulations indicate that the capture zone width generally decreases with a decrease
in K
p
at a given K
aq
; however, there is relatively little decrease in capture zone width when the K
p
of freshly installed reactive media is roughly 10 times higher than the K
aq
. For a given barrier system, the absolute capture zone width increases with an increase in barrier size, whereas the increment
of relative capture zone width decreases dramatically. Although the capture zone width remains relatively unchanged as groundwater
flow velocity increases, it results in a shorter residence time in the reactive media that may require greater barrier thickness
so that contaminant levels can be reduced to regulatory limits. In addition, the effect of parallel barriers interaction on
the capture zone width should be incorporated into the design. The present paper is based on the continuous reactive barrier
and homogeneous barrier system. Similar methods can be used to analyse the hydrodynamics of funnel-and-gate system and heterogeneous
settings by the appropriate modification. 相似文献
996.
Takashi Fujimori Akifumi Eguchi Tetsuro Agusa Nguyen Minh Tue Go Suzuki Shin Takahashi Pham Hung Viet Shinsuke Tanabe Hidetaka Takigami 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(4):599-607
Used lead–acid battery (ULAB) recycling has caused numerous health and environmental issues in developing countries. Surface soil pollution from ULAB recycling activities has been linked with elevated levels of lead in human blood. We measured surface soil lead in and surrounding the ULAB recycling village of Hung Yen in northern Vietnam in 2011, 2013, and 2014. The data were analyzed statistically and discussed with respect to distance from the contamination source, year of measurement, contamination pathway, and countermeasures against the contamination. Transportation routes from the smelter or collection site displayed the greatest concentration of surface soil lead (median 6400–10,000 mg/kg). Surface soil lead decreased significantly with distance along the road from the ULAB recycling site, although such a decrease was not observed for rice fields, agricultural roads, or garden soil. Re-suspension and adherence by traffic were identified as key pollution pathways. Distance from the source, covering of the surface of roads, construction of walls, and position relative to the source were shown to be the most effective factors in the reduction of surface soil lead pollution. Application of a combination of these measures should result in improvement in the health of residents. 相似文献
997.
Azizian MF Nelson PO Thayumanavan P Williamson KJ 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2003,23(8):719-728
The practice of incorporating certain waste products into highway construction and repair materials (CRMs) has become more popular. These practices have prompted the National Academy of Science, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) to research the possible impacts of these CRMs on the quality of surface and ground waters. State department of transportations (DOTs) are currently experimenting with use of ground tire rubber ( crumb rubber) in bituminous construction and as a crack sealer. Crumb rubber asphalt concrete (CR-AC) leachates contain a mixture of organic and metallic contaminants. Benzothiazole and 2(3H)-benzothiazolone (organic compounds used in tire rubber manufacturing) and the metals mercury and aluminum were leached in potentially harmful concentrations (exceeding toxic concentrations for aquatic toxicity tests). CR-AC leachate exhibited moderate to high toxicity for algae ( Selenastrum capriconutum) and moderate toxicity for water fleas ( Daphnia magna). Benzothiazole was readily removed from CR-AC leachate by the environmental processes of soil sorption, volatilization, and biodegradation. Metals, which do not volatilize or photochemically or biologically degrade, were removed from the leachate by soil sorption. Contaminants from CR-AC leachates are thus degraded or retarded in their transport through nearby soils and ground waters. 相似文献
998.
Jamialahmadi Nafise Hashemi Mohammad Jalili Ghazizade Mahdi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(5):2054-2067
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - With over 9 million population, challenges of waste management system (WMS) of Tehran can offer some lessons to other middle-income cities. Despite... 相似文献
999.
Salehi Tahereh Shirvani Mehran Dinari Mohammad Gavili Edris 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(10):4463-4478
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Adsorptive removal of toxic metals from water using materials with high removal capability and sufficient environmental degradability is of great... 相似文献
1000.
Ahmed Mukhtar Abdullah Anas Patle Dipesh S. Shahadat Mohammad Ahmad Zainal Athar Moina Aslam Mohammad Vo Dai-Viet N. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(1):335-378
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Biodiesel is a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel. The main bottlenecks in the commercialization of biodiesel are production costs and suitable industrial... 相似文献