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71.
The effect of plant-eating by the slug, Mariaella dussimieri Gray, and by certain lepidopteran insects and their larvae was studied under field conditions, on the growth of two sympatric annual weeds, Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake and G. parviflora Cav., in pure and mixed stands. Under the influence of herbivory, both weeds generally produced a greater number of leaves, but the leaf area per plant was drastically reduced. Plant survival and seed output decreased in both weeds due to herbivory, but the effect was more severe in G. parviflora, especially in the mixed stands. Herbivory also reduced the dry matter yield and delayed flowering in G. parviflora. Relatively poor growth of G. parviflora in the mixed stand exposed to herbivory could be attributed to its preferential feeding by the slug and insects which reduced the competitive ability of this weed against G. ciliata. 相似文献
72.
R. M. Tripathi R. Raghunath A. Vinod Kumar T. M. Krishnamoorthy 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,53(2):379-389
Electro Thermal Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (ET-AAS), is used for the determination of chromium (Cr) in a variety of environmental matrices. The detection limit for the estimation of Cr is 2 pg absolute for a volume injection of 20 l. The precision of the method is established by analysing Cr from a synthetic mixture containing various elements in different qualities (0.5–10 ppm) and is found to be within ± 8%. The reliability of estimation is further assessed through the analysis of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) of soil, hay, milk powder and lake sediment obtained from IAEA.The total intake of Cr through air, water and food works out to be 54 g/day for the adult population of Mumbai city. The dietary intake through food is the major contributor to the total intake of Cr. The concentration of Cr in atmospheric air and drinking water collected from different suburbs showed geometric mean concentrations of 0.09 g/m3 and 0.3 g/l, respectively. The daily intake of Cr, though lower, is closer to the lower bound of the recommended value of 50–200 g/day. 相似文献
73.
Shanmugasundaram R Jeyalakshmi T Dutt MS Murthy PB 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2008,29(1):43-45
Larvicidal effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) and karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil cakes (individuals and combination) was studied against mosquito species. Both the oil cakes showed larvicidal activity against the mosquito species tested. The combination of neem and karanja oil cakes in equal proportion proved to have better effect than the individual treatments. The combination of the two oil cakes recorded an LC95 of 0.93, 0.54 and 0.77% against the mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi respectively The increase in efficacy of the combination treatment over individuals in all the mosquito larvae tested was found to range about 4 to 10 fold in terms of LC50 and 2 to 6 fold in terms of LC95. 相似文献
74.
Kuheli Dutt 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(4):705-723
This paper examines the environment-income relationship in the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and explores
the possible role that factors like governance, political institutions, socioeconomic conditions, and education play in influencing
this relationship. The results suggest that the EKC exists for carbon dioxide emissions for cross-country data over the period
1984–2002. However, there is nothing automatic about this relationship; policies designed to protect the environment may be
responsible for this phenomenon. Two other significant findings are: one, countries with better quality of governance, stronger
political institutions, better socioeconomic conditions and greater investment in education have lower emissions; and two,
only around 15% of the countries in the dataset have reached income levels high enough to be associated with an unambiguous
decline in emissions. The implications of these results are discussed within the context of the international environmental
policy arena and the Kyoto Protocol. One of the main objectives of this paper is to bridge the gap between studies conducted
on the EKC and developments in the international environmental policy arena. As a final note this paper emphasizes that one
needs to connect the body of knowledge on the EKC hypothesis to the international environmental policy arena, despite the
apparent difficulty of doing so. One hopes that future studies will further build on this line of thought.
相似文献
Kuheli DuttEmail: |
75.
Cr(VI), a mutagenic and carcinogenic pollutant in industrial effluents, was effectively reduced by an indigenous tannery effluent isolate Staphylococcus arlettae strain Cr11 under aerobic conditions. The isolate could tolerate Cr(VI) up to 2000 and 5000 mg L−1 in liquid and solid media respectively. S. arlettae Cr11 effectively reduced 98% of 100 mg L−1 Cr(VI) in 24 h. Reduction for initial Cr(VI) concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg L−1 was 98% and 75%, respectively in 120 h. The isolate was also positive for siderophore, indole acetic acid, ammonia and catalase production, phosphate solubilization and biofilm formation in the presence and absence of Cr(VI). The isolate showed halotolerance (10% NaCl) and cross tolerance to other toxic heavy metals such as Hg2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+. Bacterial inoculation of Triticum aestivum in controlled petri dish and soil environment showed significant increase in percent germination, root and shoot length as well as dry and wet weight in Cr(VI) treated and untreated samples. This is the first report of simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction and plant growth promotion for a S. arlettae strain. 相似文献
76.
Plant available nitrogen, belowground (root) biomass, soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and microbial biomass N (MBN) were studied for 12 years at the interval of 2 years (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12?years) and mine dump stability at the intervals of 6 years (0, 6 and 12?years) after re-vegetation on coal mine spoil site. Plant available nitrogen in revegetated mine spoil ranged from 4.51 to 6.59?μg?g(-1), net N-mineralization from 1.87 to 13.85?μg?g(-1)?month(-1), MBN from 10 to 22.63?μg?g(-1), and root biomass from 28 to 566 g(-2). Mining activity has caused a change in soil characteristics including plant available nutrients like nitrate-N, ammonium-N and phosphate-P by 70, 67, and 76?%, respectively, N-mineralization by 93?%, root biomass values by 97?% and MBN values by 91?% compared to forest ecosystems. Revegetation of mine spoil produced increase in root biomass values by 1.3, 7.6 and 17.2 times, mineral N values by 1.22, 1.43 and 1.79 times, N-mineralization values by 1.8, 5.2 and 12.6 times and MBN values by 1.6, 2.0, and 3.4 times in 2, 6 and 12?years, respectively. Below ground biomass was highly co-related with microbial biomass and plant available nutrients. N-mineralization, plant available nutrients and the clay content were positively correlated with age of revegetation (P?0.01). From the numerical modelling it was analyzed that revegetation increased the dump slope stability with a factor of safety of 1.7 and 2.1 after 6 and 12?years of plantation on dump slope, respectively, while it was 1.2 before revegetation. Thus, long term revegetation was found to have direct impact on dump stability and indirect impact on soil fertility status in mine spoil, where plant biomass and microbial biomass provide major contributions in ecological redevelopment of the mine spoil. 相似文献
77.
J. Jai Devi Tarun Gupta Rajmal Jat S. N. Tripathi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1632-1648
Personal exposure measurement can serve as an effective tool to understand the effect of exposure to air pollutants. Alternatively, exposure assessment using pollutant concentrations in different microenvironments and accurate time–activity information for the subjects can provide good information regarding human integrated exposure. A panel of 18 healthy students of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur in the age group of 18 to 30 years participated in the personal exposure measurements for particulate matter, CO, NO2 and VOC during post-monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons. Overall, 432 h person exposure data was collected in this study. The major sources of particulate and gaseous co-pollutants were identified. These directly obtained personal exposure values were then compared to the indirectly estimated integrated exposure values. Personal and integrated exposures gave statistically similar results. Through this study, we have shown that integrated exposure values could closely estimate the personal exposure values for particulate matter that can significantly reduce time and cost involved in personal exposure studies. The lung parameters for all the subjects measured during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons showed statistically significant reduction during pre-monsoon. This was attributed to the high levels of coarse particles during pre-monsoon. 相似文献
78.
79.
This paper provides baseline information about the total annual dust fall, and its constituents and seasonal variation, from a sub-tropical opencast coalmine area in Bina, India. Dust samples were collected monthly for 2 years (June 2002-May 2004) from five sampling sites in the region and analyzed in the laboratory for water-soluble and -insoluble matter. Water-insoluble components constituted the major fraction of the total annual dust fall. Two-way ANOVA indicated significant variations in dust fall at different sites, over the months and in their interactions. The dust deposition rate was highest during summer (March-June), followed by winter (November-February) and lowest in the rainy season (July-October). Maximum dust fall was observed near the coal handling plant (at site 2) followed by the receiving pit of the coal handling plant (site 3), near the main sub-station (site 4), Jawahar colony (site 1) and Gharasari village (site 5). An inverse and significant relation was observed between dust fall and precipitation. Our studies have shown that the main residential areas are experiencing higher levels of dust fall which makes them unsuitable for living. We suggest that residential areas should be moved farther away from the mining area in the opposite direction of prevalent winds. 相似文献
80.
A study was performed selecting one protected forest and an adjacent degraded forest ecosystem to quantify the impact of forest
degradation on soil inorganic nitrogen, fine root production, nitrification, N-mineralization and microbial biomass N. There
were marked seasonal variations of all the parameters in the upper 0–10 and lower 10–20 cm depths. The seasonal trend of net
nitrification and net N-mineralization was reverse of that for inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass N. Net nitrification,
net N-mineralization and fine root biomass values were highest in both forests during rainy season. On contrary, inorganic
nitrogen and microbial biomass N were highest during summer season.
There was a marked impact of forest degradation on inorganic nitrogen, fine root production nitrification, N-mineralization
and microbial biomass observed. Soil properties also varied with soil depth. Fine root biomass, nitrification, N-mineralization
and microbial biomass N decreased significantly in higher soil depth. Degradation causes decline in mean seasonal fine root
biomass in upper layer and in lower depth by 37% and 27%, respectively. The mean seasonal net nitrification and N-mineralization
in upper depth decreased by 42% and 37%, respectively and in lower depth by 42.21% and 39% respectively. Similarly microbial
biomass N also decreased by 31.16% in upper layer 33.19% in lower layer. 相似文献