为防震减灾事业做好科普宣传--南京地震科学馆的建设与发展

从1989年江苏省第一届科普宣传周起,南京基准地震台都被列为宣传周期间重点对外开放单位.于是,南京地震台克服重重困难,筹建了地震科学馆.十多年来在江苏省地震局和有关单位的大力支持下,由最初腾出地震台的会议室和几间办公室发展到有530平方米的展室和多功能厅,展出内容也得到丰富.同时,地震科学馆在防震减灾宣传中取得了一定的社会效益.     

Simulating dairy liquid waste management options as a nitrogen source for crops

Large scale dairy operations are common. In many cases the manure is deposited on a paved surface and then removed with a flushing system, after which the solids are separated, the liquid stored in ponds, and eventually the liquid applied on adjacent crop land. Management of liquid manure to maximize the fertilizer value and minimize water quality degradation requires knowledge of the interactive effects of mineralization of organic N (ON) to NH₄⁺, crop uptake of mineral N, and leaching of NO₃⁻ on a temporal basis. The purpose of the research was to use the ENVIRO-GRO model to simulate how the amount of applied N, timing of N application, ON mineralization rates, chemical form of N applied, and irrigation uniformity affected (1) yields of corn (Zea mays) in summer and a forage grass in winter in a Mediterranean climate and (2) the amount of NO₃⁻ leached below the root zone. This management practice is typical for dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The simulations were conducted for a 10-year period. Steady state conditions, whereby an equivalent amount of N applied in the organic form will be mineralized in a given year, are achieved more rapidly for materials with high mineralization rates. Both timing and total quantity of N application are important in affecting crop yield and potential N leaching. Major conclusions from the simulations are as follows. Frequent low applications are preferred to less frequent higher applications. Increasing the amount of N application increased both the crop yield and the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. Increasing irrigation uniformity increased crop yields but had variable effects on the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. A winter forage crop following a summer corn crop effectively reduced the leaching of residual soil N following the corn crop.     

呼和浩特市发电厂污染物综合治理与资源化利用技术研究

本文以呼市发电厂废水、粉尘和灰场污染治理为例，研究制定发电厂粉煤灰综合治理与回收利用技术方案、旧灰场的生态工程建设和冲灰水的回收利用方案，通过污染物治理，废水的利用率达到85％，粉煤灰处理后的产草量和年利用率为98％，灰场的植被覆盖度达到97％，通过治理使发电厂的污染物排放量减少，废弃物资源得以利用，灰场变成环境优美的生态旅游区，为我国电厂的治理工作提供一个切实可行的科学依据。     

提高循环冷却水处理水平

介绍了长岭炼油化工股份有限公司循环冷却水处理技术开发和管理的经验，分析了取得的经济效益。     

BP网络应用于大气环境监测点的优选

为了对大气环境监测点进行优化选择 ,以大气质量分级标准为训练样本 ,构造BP网络进行训练 ,用训练好的BP网络对某地的大气环境监测采样点进行了优选 ,并与物元分析法优选结果进行比较。结果表明 ,BP网络用于环境测点优选具有较好的客观性和应用性     

厌氧预处理-序批式生物膜反应器处理染料废水研究

通过对实际染料废水进行厌氧预处理之后,采用序批式生物膜反应器对其作进一步去除CODCr和脱N处理.实验结果表明:厌氧预处理能够破坏染料分子结构,将废水中的难降解物质转化为易降解物质,为后续的好氧处理提供可能性和易降解性;序批式生物膜反应器采用好氧-缺氧-好氧的运行方式,能够实现在对CODCr去除的同时,实现脱N效果;在此基础上,求得所讨论的生物膜系统在好氧段由扩散作用所控制的CODCr和NH 4-N生化反应动力学模型.     

Internal circulating fluidized bed incineration system and design algorithm

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中国污染场地管理面临的问题及对策

概述了欧美国家污染场地管理现状,分析了中国污染场地管理面临的突出问题:中国在污染土壤管理的法律法规和标准、污染土壤的修复技术、污染土壤治理投入等方面同欧美国家有一定的差距.结合污染场地管理和场地风险评估、场地修复条件以及土地利用功能,提出了基于风险评估基础上污染场地管理程序和污染场地管理亟待开展的工作.指出了土壤环境标准体系,污染场地管理体系和污染场地修复技术体系的三元结构的完善是破解中国污染场地管理和修复的难题的根本.     

多环芳烃的分配系数与双区理论

以双区理论为基础,提出了多环芳烃的致癌性与其分配系数之间的定量关系方程,并利用该方程计算了77个多环芳烃的致癌性。计算值与实验值基本符合。     

Detecting forest landcape boundary between Mountain Birch and evergreen eoniferous forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

Boundaries between different forest types in Changbai Mountain Eatern China are results from complex interactions between forest ecosystems,topogrphy,and geomorphology.Detecting and quantifying the transitional zones are highly important since high environmental beterogeneity and biodiversity are ofter found within these zpmes.In this study,we used GIS and multivariate statistics techniques(PCA and MSWA) to analyze data from Landsat TM satellite imageries and quantitatively determined the positions and widths of the landscape boundary betweeen mountain birch and evergreen coniferous forests in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.The results showed that the widths of the landscape boundary ranges from 30-50 m while using the MWW A or/and PC method.Such detected widths are consistent with field transect data that suggest a 50m tranistional zone width.The results further suggest that TM data can be used in combination with GIS and statistical techniques in determining forest landscape boundaries.MSWA is more reliable than PCA,while PCA can also be used to determine the landscape boundary when transects are properly located.