表面流人工湿地中水生植被的净化效应与组合系统净化效果

以无植物空白系统为对照,通过批量盆栽试验探讨了表面流人工湿地中不同类型水生植被(苦草(沉水植物)、水葫芦(浮水植物)、芦苇(挺水植物))的引人对富营养化水体不同污染物净化效果的影响;根据不同污染物去除的阶段性特征设计了分段式表面流人工湿地(好氧塘-水葫芦湿地一苦草湿地),并通过示范工程探讨了富营养河流的原位净化效果.研究表明,批量盆栽试验中,与无植物空白系统相比,芦苇的引入显著增加了表面流人工湿地的蒸发蒸腾量(为无植物空白系统的1.5倍),而水葫芦和苦草的引入则显著降低了表面流人工湿地的蒸发蒸腾量(分别为无植物空白系统的80%和30%);3种水生植物的引入均显著促进了CODcr、TN、NH 4-N的去除(与无植物空白系统相比),其中水葫芦系统具有最好的CODcr和TN去除效果(起始CODcr和TN水平分别为35.8 mg·L-1和6.86 mg˙L-1时,去除率分别为58.91%、76.67%),而苦草的引入则显著地促进了水体中氧化态氮的形成与积累.分段式表面流人工湿地的原位净化研究表明,水力负荷为6.2cm.d-1时,分段式表面流人工湿地对CODcr的净化效果较好,水力负荷过高会影响分段式表面流人工湿地的净化效果.     

Variation of phytoplankton community before an induced cyanobacterial （Arthrospira platensis ） bloom

A cyanobacterial (Arthrospira platensis) bloom was induced in situ by nutrient manipulation in an enclosure. The succession of the phytoplankton community and the water chemistry variations before the appearance of bloom, as well as their relationship, were investigated. The cell pigment variations were studied simultaneously. The Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between water chemistry and green algal or cyanobacterial composition, indicating that water chemistry variations were not suitable to be used as indicators for cyanobacterial-bloom early-warning. However, the diversity index of the phytoplankton community decreased sharply before the bloom appeared. Therefore, the dynamics of phytoplankton community was put forward to be an indicator for cyanobacterial-bloom early-warning. In addition, the cell pigment variations represented the changes of community structure, which should be useful for studying the dynamics of phytoplankton community.     

青藏高原短波辐射分布式模拟及其时空分布

论文基于太阳辐射参数化传输模型,结合MODIS每日两次的大气产品和DEM,构建了太阳短波辐射分布式模型,对青藏高原2007年的太阳直接辐射、散射辐射与总辐射分布状况进行了模拟,并利用研究区站点实测值对模型精度进行了验证,其中日值数据直接辐射的相关性分别为0.72(拉萨)和0.82(格尔木),散射辐射分别为0.71(拉萨)和0.70(格尔木),总辐射相关性大都在0.70以上;旬值数据实测值与模拟值的相关性大都在0.90以上。模拟结果表明:实际天气情形下青藏高原年平均直接辐射量为4 244 MJ/m2,年平均散射辐射量为2 348 MJ/m2,年平均总辐射量为6 592 MJ/m2。直接辐射与总辐射的空间分布主要受纬度地带性与垂直地带性的影响,且地形对地表短波辐射的影响大于纬度的影响;散射辐射的空间分布主要取决于当地的地形起伏与大气状况。     

青海湖西北部泉吉乡附近土壤入渗规律研究

通过对青海湖 地区刚察县泉吉乡草地土壤入渗实验、孔隙度测定与粒度测定,研究了高 草地土壤与低草地土壤的入渗特征和土壤蓄水性。结果表明,研究区域内高草地土壤的稳定入渗 率较大,平均为3.1 mm·min^-1;低草地土壤的稳定入渗率较小,平均为1.6 mm·min^-1;高草地达 到稳定入渗的时间较低草地短80 min 左右。通用经验公式对青海湖泉吉乡高草地土壤入渗实验 数据的拟合最为适合,而霍顿公式对于低草地土壤入渗实验数据拟合最为适合。高草地草本植物 根系发育深,受根系影响的土壤疏松层较低草地深厚是造成高草地土壤渗透性较低草地大的主要 原因。青海湖土壤粒度成分较粗,土层薄是该区土壤稳定入渗率较黄土大和在较短时间内能够达 到稳定入渗状态的主要原因。虽然青海湖地区土壤渗透性较强,但该区土壤厚度较小,土壤水库 蓄水能力有限,调蓄能力较差,不能满足乔森林发育的需要,但基本能够满足草原植被生长的需要。     

深水测试地面流程节流油嘴段温压场研究*

为对深水高压气井测试地面流程中的节流油嘴段的温压场及水合物生成情况进行研究,采用数值模拟的方式对整个节流管路进行气体流动特性分析。并利用P-T图回归公式法,得出不同温压场条件下的水合物生成情况,进行水合物生成范围对比。结果表明:针阀出口后端气体速度随着管路入口压力和针阀直径的增大而增大,随管路出口压力的增大而减小,而气体温度随管路入口压力、管路出口压力、针阀直径的变化趋势与之相反。管路入口压力的递增、管路出口压力的递减以及针阀直径的递增,都会导致针阀突变径处的速度场、温压场波动更加剧烈,并使得水合物生成范围扩大。     

葛洲坝水利工程对长江中游生态水文特征的影响

为了满足人类社会经济发展要求而修建的水利工程,不可避免地对生态环境造成了巨大影响。从生态水文学角度对长江中游的生态水文特征进行了研究。借鉴国外已有的研究成果,建立了一套指标体系包括长期指标、高流量指标、低流量指标、平均变化指标、涨水落水指标和月流量指标,通过分析指标的变化来评价水利水电工程对生态环境的影响。长江中游是最重要的家鱼自然繁殖区,利用建立的指标体系量化并分析了葛洲坝建坝前后长江中游的生态水文特征变化。分析认为,葛洲坝的修建主要影响涨水落水,对其它生态水文特征影响不大;对于鱼类,涨水过程是刺激鱼类产卵的必要条件,葛洲坝的修建对鱼类产卵造成了一定影响。     

五种土壤吸附喹乙醇特性的研究

用振荡平衡法研究了喹乙醇在东北黑土、常熟水稻土、陕西潮土、南京黄棕壤和江西红壤中吸附行为及其影响因素.结果表明,喹乙醇在5种土壤中的吸附行为均可用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程进行良好的线性拟合.其吸附系数KF很小,分别为2.813,1.740,0.446,0.309和0.201,显示很难被土壤吸附.其KF与土壤有机质含量及阳离子交换量呈良好的相关性.而与土壤pH值及黏粒含量相关性较差.温度和离子强度均对喹乙醇在土壤中的吸附有一定影响,较低的温度和离子强度均有利于土壤对喹乙醇的吸附.     

1株高效去除氨氮的红假单胞菌的分离鉴定及特性

从云南某一沼泽地中分离筛选出1株可降解氨氮的光合细菌psb1,细胞形态及活细胞特征吸收光谱与红假单胞菌属(Rhodopseudomonas sp.)基本一致.光合细菌16S r DNA特异引物扩增序列比对结果表明,菌株psb1与Rhodopseudomonas sp.同源性达99%,且细菌叶绿素Y亚基的蛋白质序列比对结果表明,菌株psb1与Rhodopseudomonas palustris相似性最大,为99%.但生理生化特征及其主要脂肪酸分析发现菌株psb1与Rhodopseudomonas palustris有较大差异,菌株psb1不能利用葡萄糖和甘露醇等,且含特定脂肪酸C_(18:1ω6c).单一因素实验结果表明:菌株psb1最适生长温度和p H分别为40℃和7.0,最优生长氮源为酵母膏;初始p H为6.0~7.0,30℃条件下厌氧光照培养,投加0.4%的psb1菌剂对模拟废水中氨氮的去除率达99%以上.说明光合细菌psb1为Rhodopseudomonas属的一个新菌,能高效去除氨氮,在景观水体水质调控中具有重要应用前景.     

Dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial community in shortcut nitrification–denitrification process under antibiotic stresses

In this study, the performance of shortcut nitrification–denitrification (SCND) at different TC and SD stress conditions (0 μg/L, 1–97 days; 100 μg/L, 98–138 days; 500 μg/L, 139–175 days) was investigated. Higher level antibiotic stress (500 μg/L) led to the serious deterioration of nitrogen removal, and denitrification was more sensitive to antibiotic stress than nitrification. The dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial community were revealed by quantitative real-time PCR and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Tet-genes (tetA, tetQ, tetW), sul-genes (sulI, sulII), and mobile genetic element (intI1) in activated sludge increased by 1.2?~?2.5 logs with long-term exposure of antibiotic stress, and sulI, tetA, tetQ, and tetW were significantly positively correlated with intI1. Long-term antibiotics stress caused the decrease of most denitrifiers, and five genera were identified as the potential host of ARGs. The key impact factors of SCND drove the dynamics of ARGs and microbial community. Except for sulII gene, DO and FA were significantly positively correlated with ARGs, while FNA, NAR, and NO₂^?-N showed opposite effects to ARGs. Overall, maintaining relative lower DO, higher FNA, NAR, and NO₂^?-N conditions are not only benefit to the stable operation of SCND, but may also conducive to the control of ARG dissemination. This study provides theoretical basis on the control of ARGs in the SCND process.

     

Fluorescently visualizing the penetration of anionic surfactants across cytoplasmic membrane and the subsequent damage on human cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The extensive application of chemically synthesized anionic surfactants would cause serious pollution of water and increase health risk to humans....