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141.
Cesar A Choueri RB Riba I Morales-Caselles C Pereira CD Santos AR Abessa DM DelValls TA 《Environment international》2007,33(4):429-435
The goal of this work was to establish comparisons among environmental degradation in different areas from Southern Spain (Gulf of Cádiz) and Brazil (Santos and S?o Vicente estuary), by using principal component analyses (PCA) to integrate sediment toxicity (amphipods mortality) and chemical-physical data (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Co, V, PCBs, PAHs concentrations, OC and fines contents). The results of PCA extraction of Spanish data showed that Bay of Cádiz, CA-1 did not present contamination or degradation; CA-2 exhibited contamination by PCBs, however it was not related to the amphipods mortality. Ría of Huelva was the most impacted site, showing contamination caused principally by hydrocarbons, in HV-1 and HV-2, but heavy metals were also important contaminants at HV-1, HV-2 and HV-3. Algeciras Bay was considered as not degraded in GR-3 and -4, but in GR-3' high contamination by PAHs was found. In the Brazilian area, the most degraded sediments were found in the stations situated at the inner parts of the estuary (SSV-2, SSV-3, and SSV-4), followed by SSV-6, which is close to the Submarine Sewage Outfall of Santos - SSOS. Sediments from SSV-1 and SSV-5 did not present chemical contamination, organic contamination or significant amphipod mortality. The results of this investigation showed that both countries present environmental degradation related to PAHs: in Spain, at Ría of Huelva and Gudarranque river's estuary areas; and in Brasil, in the internal portion of the Santos and S?o Vicente estuary. The same situation is found for heavy metals, since all of the identified metals are related to toxicity in the studied areas, with few exceptions (V for both Brazil and Spain, and Cd and Co for Brazilian areas). The contamination by PCBs is more serious for Santos and S?o Vicente estuary than for the investigated areas in Gulf of Cádiz, where such compound did not relate to the toxicity. 相似文献
142.
Eugenio Erika de Queiros Campisano Ivone Sampaio Pereira de Castro Aline Machado Coelho Maria Alice Zarur Langone Marta Antunes Pereira 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(4):1627-1637
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The search for a straightforward technology for post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PC-PET) degradation is essential to develop a circular economy.... 相似文献
143.
Radionuclides from the U and Th natural series are present in alkaline rocks, which are used as feedstock in Brazil for the
production of raw phosphoric acid, which can be considered as a NORM (naturally occurring radioactive material). As a result
of the purification of raw phosphoric acid to food-grade phosphoric acid, two by-products are generated, i.e., solid and liquid
wastes. Taking this into account, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the fluxes of natural radionuclide in the production
of food-grade phosphoric acids in Brazil, to determine the radiological impact caused by ingestion of food-grade phosphoric
acid, and to evaluate the solid waste environmental hazards caused by its application in crop soils. Radiological characterization
of raw phosphoric acid, food-grade phosphoric acid, solid waste, and liquid waste was performed by alpha and gamma spectrometry.
The 238U, 234U, 226Ra, and 232Th activity concentrations varied depending on the source of raw phosphoric acid. Decreasing radionuclides activity concentrations
in raw phosphoric acids used by the producer of the purified phosphoric acid were observed as follows: Tapira (raw phosphoric
acid D) > Catal?o (raw phosphoric acids B and C) > Cajati (raw phosphoric acid A). The industrial purification process produces
a reduction in radionuclide activity concentrations in food-grade phosphoric acid in relation to raw phosphoric acid produced
in plant D and single raw phosphoric acid used in recent years. The most common use of food-grade phosphoric acid is in cola
soft drinks, with an average consumption in Brazil of 72 l per person per year. Each liter of cola soft drink contains 0.5 ml
of food-grade phosphoric acid, which gives an annual average intake of 36 ml of food-grade phosphoric acid per person. Under
these conditions, radionuclide intake through consumption of food-grade phosphoric acid per year per person via cola soft
drinks is not hazardous to human health in Brazil. Considering these annual additions of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, and since these radionuclide should be homogeneously distributed in the upper 10 cm of soils with an assumed apparent density
of 1.5 g/cm3, a maximum increase of 0.19 ± 0.03 Bq kg−1 of soil is expected for 238U and 234U. Thus, the addition of solid waste as phosphate fertilizers to Brazilian agricultural soils does not represent a hazard
to the ecosystem or to human health. 相似文献
144.
Sonia Rodrigues Graham Urquhart Iain Hossack Ma Eduarda Pereira Armando C. Duarte Christine Davidson Andrew Hursthouse Peter Tucker Douglas Roberston 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(2):141-148
As part of a harmonised assessment of urban soils (), we investigated the variability of metal content in soils from Aveiro (Portugal) and Glasgow (UK). Samples were collected
from parks and other public open spaces in each city. Metal content (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and basic soil
parameters (texture, CEC, pH, organic matter) were determined and data investigated using principal component analysis (PCA).
The two cities differ in absolute levels of metal content reflecting industrial and historical development. Factors identified
by PCA included anthropogenic (Cu, Pb, Zn), soil properties and geology, which explain variability when data were assessed
based on metal content, soil properties and land use. This study highlights the contribution from geological background even
in strongly urbanised environments. 相似文献
145.
146.
Ana P. L. Batista Hudson Wallace Pereira Carvalho Gustavo H. P. Luz Paulo F. Q. Martins Maraísa Gonçalves Luiz C. A. Oliveira 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(1):63-67
A photocatalyst based on CuO/SiO2 was prepared, and evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous medium. The photocatalyst was obtained by calcination
method of copper salt, in the presence of silica. The characterization by XRD, FTIR, and TPR techniques confirmed the formation
of CuO as active phase. SEM studies showed CuO deposited on the surface of SiO2. By ESI-MS, it was demonstrated that the degradation of methylene blue occurs through successive hydroxylations. Photodegradation
assays showed that CuO/SiO2 was efficient for degradation, and that the material worked better in the presence of UV light. 相似文献
147.
Arthur Marinho Cahino Elisângela Maria Rodrigues Rocha Iana Chaiene Araújo Vidal Samara Teixeira Pereira Amanda Gondim Cabral Quirino Raqueline Caldas do Nascimento 《环境质量管理》2023,32(3):57-68
The present study sought to objectively demonstrate how a researcher can, in a structured way, select relevant articles about alternative heterogeneous catalysts in photocatalytic processes. Therefore, the ProKnow-C (Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist) method was used to systematize the results found, with the application bibliometric and systematic analysis techniques for the evaluation of the results. The search string adopted as criteria was: solar photocatalysis AND heterogeneous catalysts OR alternative catalysts AND effluents. The databases were Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus. The final bibliographic portfolio obtained for the research theme was made up of 19 articles. It was possible to verify advances in the number of publications on the theme over the evaluated period, with the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry standing out in the final portfolio. Evaluating each article in the portfolio individually, it was possible to verify that most studies use combinations of catalysts already reported to create an alternative material to those already investigated in the literature. Those that use waste as catalysts chose to source this material from treatment plants and the steel industry. Around 58% of the papers used hydrogen peroxide in their processes, while 42% chose not to use it. Finally, approximately 63% of the papers in the portfolio used synthetic effluent in their processes, while the rest (37% of the research) chose to use real effluent. The results obtained in this research by applying the method can contribute to studies related to heterogeneous photocatalysis by alternative means over the years. 相似文献
148.
Jordão CP Nascentes CC Cecon PR Fontes RL Pereira JL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,112(1-3):309-326
A study was performed to evaluate the pH and the availability of Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Ni in soil amended with increasing doses
of composted solid wastes, collected in Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State and in Coimbra, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The
influence of the time elapsed between compost application to the soil and the sampling of the plant growth substrate (soil
+ compost) for pH and metal availability analyses was also examined. The availability of heavy metals in the soil, in the
compost and in the substrate was evaluated using DTPA solution for metal extraction. The increase of the compost doses added
to the soil resulted in the increase of the pH in the substrate. The addition of the compost from the bigger city, Rio de
Janeiro, resulted in higher increase in soil pH and available Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni levels as compared to the addition of the
compost from the smaller city, Coimbra. Increasing the time elapsed between the compost application to the soil and the sampling
of the mixture resulted in higher available Zn, Cu, Mn, and Pb levels. The addition of the compost from Rio de Janeiro resulted
in substrate metal concentrations in the order Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Mn and for the Coimbra compost the metal concentrations
in the substrate was Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Mn. The higher values of pH and available metals obtained for the bigger city were
attributed to the greatest metal contamination of its compost. 相似文献
149.
de Abreu Íthalo Barbosa Silva de Sousa Maria Helena da Silva Andressa Pereira de Araújo Padilha Carlos Eduardo Sales Aldo Torres da Silva Antonio Samuel Alves Dutra Emmanuel Damilano Menezes Rômulo Simões Cezar 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(3):1309-1324
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The use of food waste (FW) for the production of biofuels and value-added compounds is growing worldwide. However, the significant chemical... 相似文献
150.
Atwill ER Pereira MD Alonso LH Elmi C Epperson WB Smith R Riggs W Carpenter LV Dargatz DA Hoar B 《Journal of environmental quality》2006,35(1):200-206
The first step in assessing the risk of water contamination by Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from feedlot cattle (Bos taurus) production systems is to quantify the number of C. parvum oocysts present in the fecal material deposited by feedlot cattle. Our primary objective for this project was to estimate the daily environmental load of C. parvum oocysts in fecal material deposited by feedlot cattle from across the central and western USA. Our secondary goal was to genotype isolates of C. parvum from feedlot cattle to help facilitate proper identification of mammalian sources of waterborne C. parvum. Based on 5274 fecal samples from 22 feedlots in seven states (California, Washington, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, Nebraska, and South Dakota), we estimated a point prevalence of C. parvum of 0.99 to 1.08% in fecal material from feedlot pens from a wide range of climates and a diverse range of feedlot management systems. On average, fresh fecal material from throughout feedlot systems (recent arrivals to nearing slaughter) contained about 1.3 to 3.6 oocysts/g feces, which roughly translates to about 2.8 x 10(4) to 1.4 x 10(5) oocysts/animal per day. 相似文献